Hmm... a hard question. There's Didda of Kashmir, Wu Zhou of China, Zenobia of Palmyra, Theodora of Eastern Rome (well technically not), Tomyris of the Massagetae, Catherine the Great of Russia, Hatshepsut of Egypt, etc. who are all able female rulers. I'll say Hatshepsut.
Well, judging by my crystal ball... Hilary Clinton.
Hmm... tossup between Catherine the Great and Queen Victoria for me... although latter had less "political" clout, as a "do as I do" figure she's a hard act to follow.
Of course Theodora wasn't a leader! She was a leader's wife. Perhaps if she had been married to a weak emperor she would have been the real power behind the throne, but she was married to Justinian the Great, one of the strongest Roman/Byzantine emperors. The first female Roman/Byzantine emperor was Irene, who was pretty powerful too.
I would like to throw Toregene into the mix! She was every bit as capable a ruler as her husband, Ogodei, and ruled the Mongol Empire after his death in 1241.
Has any other woman ever ruled over so much of the planet?
Theodora was not the pretty sidekick of Justinian.
She ruled over the Empire while he was ill, alone. All clerks and ministers vowed on Justinian and her. She was officially appointed as co-emperor.
Justinian was still the Emperor, but his wife had great influence on him. During the Nika-uprising she urged him to stay in the city and ordered Belisarius to fight the crowd. There is a famous quote, I only know the German phrase. "The crimson is the best shroud I can imagine." - the meaning was, no Emperor that ran away ever managed to get a stable empire later on again.
Or possibly Joan d'Arc? I don't think we need a backstory there... Then again, she was more of a general than a leader.
I would have to say Queen Elizabeth I of England, though there are many to choose from and its difficult to compare... Nonetheless, Elizabeth brought England from being a relatively weak island nation to the threshold of becoming a world power during her reign. The only problem? She let King James IV of Scotland succeed her.
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