Jericho keeps getting pushed back. I think that the earliest portions are now dated somewhere around 7000 BC. A corollary to that is that as it was a trading center, there were sufficiently developed civilizations to support a trading center. The Minoan ruins on Crete go back to around 3200 BC as well. The key factor is that it is after 4000 BC when we begin to get, through archaealogical data and the beginnings of written records, some idea as to who was were, and what they were doing. As for the Torah/Old Testament, no reputable archaealogist or ancient historian is going to argue the historical accuracy of those texts. Cross-referencing the Torah/Old Testament historical books with the Egyptian Pharoah list pretty much gives you your Ancient Mid East timeline.