Which the core game already uses for the Nuclear Plant and Solar Plant, so that you can't build one when the other exists in a city. Mutually exclusive groups work just fine; in my own mod I'd added four National Wonders that were limited to 1 per city, with each shifting the focus of that city towards one theme. (So you'd have a "research city", "money city", and so on.)
The only downside is that you have to pick a number for your Mutually Exclusive Group. The game won't automatically assume that your mod's group is unique, so if you pick group #5, and some other mod ALSO has mutually exclusive buildings using group #5, they'll conflict. So you have to pick a unique number that you think no one else will pick; avoid common numbers like 2, 3, 4, and things like 42 or 69.