Chances are that this will not last forever. In the industrial age buildings consume quite some gtp. In the long run expenses are in the magnititude of 30 gtp per metropolis. In the long run any gold equals 2 shields that you donnot need to use for wealth.
I've been doing quite well, monetarily speaking, since probably around early-mid industrial, on account of selling Luxes (I managed to obtain
five Ivory!) and techs that were far behind me already. Mostly Japan is the one paying me huge per-turn sums. I'm in the modern age building the Ship and still have over 10K gold
Also one thing to consider is that at higher levels research is more expensive and so can be diplomacy. So the kind of game i play relies more on commerce. If you consistently have large amounts of cash at hand this can indicate that your difficulty setting is too low.
That's possible. I often have trouble at Monarch, but once in a while I hit a game similar to this one where things generally fall together. I don't
consistently have large amounts of cash, but if I can get that consistency then maybe I can consider moving up to Emperor.
Also, this is my very first game playing a Large map - previously had not gone larger than Standard - so I'm dealing with far more AI Civs with more money & stuff to sell. I'm speaking generally; as usual, a few Civs are close competitors (though no one else is building the Ship yet), and the rest have nothing but territory. If I was not going for the Ship, I could have wiped out a couple by now (see below).
You need more territory. This increases the research output, it may increase the gtp you need for buildings and it may decrease the gtp you can get from diplomacy.
That had not occurred to me. Though it's late in the game and I'll probably win as it is, I'll keep that in mind for future games. Thanks!
I deem it sensible to limit upgrading to few selected instances. When your army is small, upgrades make a meaningful difference in the short term. Also the upgrade knight to cavalry deserves consideration as it enables you to make a dent when it counts.
Later in the game shields will be plenty. Upgrading is mainly a question of what is useful in the short run.
If you have (military) units that you will not need in the foreseable future, then you should disband them for the shields. Also needing those shields is good argument to disband units and possibly build new units for the purpose of disbanding.
I did upgrade Knights to Cavs, and Riflemen to MI. Most of my Infantry, too (still lacking Barracks in a couple of remote towns). Most obsolete stuff I just disbanded, and it raised my income while not really diminishing anything, since they were practically useless anyway.