Not as far as I know.
But I don't think it's all that complicated. I'm pretty sure (I've read somewhere) that if you set it to "None", then no Goody-Huts (or barb-camps?) will be spawned anywhere, and (I'm assuming that) if you set it to "Sedentary", then GHs and barb-camps will spawn, but all the barb-units will stay on their spawn-point/ at home.
The "Roaming-Restless-Raging" spectrum seems to be mainly a predictor of the approximate number of barb-units that a non-EXP tribe could spawn from an unlucky Goody-Hut, the frequency with which each uncleared barb-camp spawns a new barb-unit, and how many Horrible Hairy Horsemen will spew out of each uncleared barb-camp upon era-change.
And "Random" just means the game will pick any one of the 5 previous settings.