about how to whip, cam_h showed it well.
About what to whip, when to whip, here are my guidelines.
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working good tiles is a priority. Do you need a library more than the 8 cpt from a gold mine? I don't think so.
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whipping is only worth what you whip is worth. Here are 4 good whipping objects : granary, library, axe, catapult. Those objects all have in common that you can (at some point) whip them for 2 pop points, they also are amongst the most useful builds possible.
Other good candidates :
* caravels when you discover optics.
* Something that will give a bunch of overflow on the turn before you discover a tech opening a wonder.
* A defensive unit when you get backstabbed.
* the "special" buildings = those cheap ones you have because of your traits.
* a forge/temple/theater/market = happiness buildings. They will help you growing (when the whip weariness is wearing off).
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Whipping can help you manage happiness. For this you need to whip 2 or more pops each time. If you whip one pop, you have the same unhappiness you had before. If you whip 2, you have a net advantage of 1 unhappiness + you'll grow back too fast if you whip one pop = unhappiness from the whip will be visible. Exception = granary whipped asap because it will help you grow fast enough to whip efficiently the rest
