Top 15 important battles of 20th and 19th century

YotoKiller

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#15

Battle of San Juan Hill / Kettle Hill 1899
(June 1st)

Sides: American Volunteers and Teddy’s Rough Riders Vs. Spanish Defenders
U.S Forces: 3,000
Spanish Forces: 1,100, 10,000 reserves
U.S. casualties: 207
Spanish casualties: 250
Result: American victory

Historical notes and facts: Last major battle of the Spanish American War. Secured Cuba from Spanish control and along with Commodore Dewey’s victory at Manila Bay marked the end of the 500 year old Spanish empire and the beginning of America’s.

#14

Battle of the Falklands 1982
(April - June, 1982)

Sides: Armed forces of the United Kingdom Vs. the Armed forces of Argentina.
British forces: 5,000
Argentinean forces: 8,000
British casualties 1,100
Argentinean casualties 8,000
Result: British Victory

Historical notes and facts: The air, ground and naval battle on and around the Falkland Islands were some of the fiercest since WWII and was the conclusion of an attack and occupation of the Falklands by Argentina. The victory saved Margaret Thatcher’s position for another 8 years.

#13

Battle of Huai-Hai 1948 - 1949
(November, 1948 - January, 1949)

Sides: Chinese National Army Vs. The People’s Liberation Army
Republican forces: 70,000
Communist forces: 60,000
Republican casualties: 50,000
Communist casualties: -unknown-
Result: Communist Victory

Historical notes and facts: Decisive communist victory that led to the ousting of the Nationalist forces to Formosa and the formation of the People’s Republic of China.

#12

Battle of Trafalgar 1805(October 21st)

Sides: British Royal Navy Vs. Combined fleet of Spain and France
British forces: 29 Ships
Franco-Spanish forces: 33 Ships
British casualties: 1,000 men, 0 ships
Franco-Spanish casualties: 2,500 men 22 ships
Result: British Victory

Historical notes and facts: The Battle of Trafalgar was the largest of naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars and insured the Royal Navy's dominance of the high seas for the next 140 years. One of the battle's casualties included Admiral Lord Nelson, killed by a sniper's bullet on his flagship, HMS Victory.

#11

Battle of Mukden 1905
(February 20th - March 10th)

Sides: Imperial Russian Forces Vs. Prince Oyama's Japanese Army
Russian forces: 300,000
Japanese forces: 300,000
Russian casualties: 50,000
Japanese casualties 41,000
Result: Japanese victory

Historical notes and facts: Strategic battle which pretty much assured a Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese war which resulted in imperialist dreams and ended with an erosion of good relations between the U.S. and Japan when America and set the ground works for the Japanese invasion of China.

#10

Battle of Gettysburg 1863
(July 1st - 4th)

Sides: The United States' Army of the Potomac Vs. The Army of Northern Virginia
U.S. forces: 80,000
C.S. forces: 75,000
U.S. casualties 26,000
C.S. casualties 25,000
Result: U.S. victory

Historical notes and facts: Devastating defeat for General Lee. All but insured victory for the North. Bloodiest battle in the Western Hemisphere. Stopped Lee's army's advance into Northern territory.

#9

Battle of Mogadishu 1993
(October 3rd)

Sides: U.S. Army Rangers and Delta Force Commandos Vs. Mohamed Farrah Aidid Militia
U.S. Forces: 160
Somali Forces: 10,000
U.S. casualties: 18
Somali Casualties: 1,000+
Result: Somali victory

Historical notes and facts: While accomplishing little except driving a small band of Americans from their territory and causing the withdraw of all U.N. forces, aid and food which led to even more thousands of dead from starvation, the Battle of Mogadishu is seen as a major calamity of the U.S. military on both sides and has affected U.N. intervention policies and America’s policy of using light troops to avoid civilian casualties.

#8

Battle of In'chon 1950
(September 15)

Sides: U.S. X Corps, 1st Marine Division, 7th Infantry Division Vs. the occupying North Korean Forces
U.S. forces: 70,000
North Korean forces: 40,000
U.S. casualties: 600
North Korean casualties: 30,000
Result: American victory

Historical notes and facts: The landing at Inchon is considered on of the most successful seaborn operation in history in one of the worst places to attempt one. The survival of the U.N. forces at Pusan depended on the success of this operation. While a lopsided victory for the U.S. its unprecedented success sparked Chinese intervention as U.N. forces approached the Yalu. So in retrospect, the battle actually saved North Korea.


#7

The Battle of Antietam 1862
(September 17th)

Sides: U.S. Federal Forces Vs. Army of Northern Virginia
U.S. forces: 90,000
C.S. forces: 40,000
U.S casualties: 12,410
C.S. casualties: 10,700
Result: U.S. victory

Historical notes and facts: Turning point of the American Civil War. Bloodiest day in American history. General Lee’s starving Army crossed into Maryland in a desperate attempt to find food and clothing before the winter destroyed his army.

#6

Tet Offensive 1968
(January 30, 1968 April 14th)

Sides: Armed Forces of South Vietnam, U.S. and SEATO allies Vs. The Army of North Vietnam, National Liberation Front (Viet Cong)
SEATO forces:
North Vietnamese forces: 100,000
SEATO forces: 300,000 U.S. 200,000 South Vietnamese
North Vietnamese casualties 60,000
SEATO casualties: 1,100 U.S., 3900 South Vietnam
Result: SEATO victory

Historical notes and facts: The Tet Offensive was actually a series of battles. The biggest being the Battle of Hue and the siege of U.S. Marines at Khe Sanh. While clearly a lopsided and devastating defeat for North Vietnam the western press reported it a major defeat of the U.S. and ARVN forces and as result the major loss of public support for the war.

#5

Battle of Leyte Gulf 1944
(October 23rd - 26th)

Sides: U.S. 7th Fleet, Taffy III Vs. 4 task groups of the Imperial Japanese Navy
U.S. forces: 500 transports, 200 destroyers and cruisers, 2 battleships, 18 escort carriers with 358 aircraft
Japanese forces: 28 destroyers, 17 cruisers, 4 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers with 300 aircraft
U.S. casualties: 6 warships, 1811 men.
Japanese casualties: 26 warships, 10,000+ men
Result: American Victory

Historical notes and facts: The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle in history involving 1000 American, Australian and Japanese ships. Leyte was also the largest air battle in history involving more than 1500 land and carrier based bombers, and fighters. The American victory at Leyte Gulf insured American dominance of the high seas from 1944 until today.

#4

Second Battle of El Alamein 1942
(October 23 - February 6)

Sides: British 8th Army Vs. Rommel's Afrika Corps
British forces: 200,000 men, 1,000 tanks
Axis forces: 100,000 men, 500 tanks
British casualties: 6,200
Axis casualties: 32,500
Result: British Victory

Historical notes and facts: Turning point in North African theatre. Rommel was home sick when the Battle began and General Stumme died of a heart attack while under fire. 30,000 Germans were taken prisoner. Not until the surrender of the 6th Army at Stalingrad, almost exactly a year later, had the German army suffer such losses.

#3

The Battle of Midway 1942
(June 5th-6th, 1942 U.S. time zone)

Sides: Japanese 1st Mobil Carrier Strike Force Vs U.S. Navy.
Japanese forces: 4 carriers, 150 support ships.
U.S. forces: 3 carriers, 50 support ships.
Japanese casualties: 2,500, 4 carriers.
U.S. casualties: 307, 1 destroyer sunk, Yorktown Badly damaged, later sunk by submarine.
Result: American Victory

Historical notes and facts: Turning point the Pacific theatre. First naval battle in which neither forces ships came to view of one another. Only 35 of the Hornet's 41 TBD dive bombers and every bomber of Enterprise's 8th Torpedo Squadron were shot down trying in the attack against the Japanese carriers.

#2

The Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43
(August 19th, 1942 - February 2nd, 1943)

Sides: German 6th Army and allies Vs. Soviet 62nd Army.
Soviet forces: 600,000
Axis forces: 500,000
Soviet casualties: 1.1 million
Axis casualties: 500,000
Result: Soviet victory

Historical notes and facts: Bloodiest battle in history, turning point in the European theatre. The city of Stalingrad had absolutely no strategic importance. The battle was more of a personal matter between Hitler and Stalin. In 1945 Stalin promoted Stalingrad to 'Hero City' status.

#1

Battle of Normandy 1944
(June 6th - August 24th)

Sides: Allied forces Vs the occupying German forces
Allied forces: 1,000,000
German forces: 700,000
Allied casualties: 200,000
Axis casualties: 400,000
Result: Allied Victory

Historical notes and facts: Largest seaborn assault in history. Involved 3,000,000 men and finally opened up the desperately needed western front. Rivals Stalingrad in sheer scale and casualties. The British assault effectively destroyed the Afrika Corps and led to the eventual ousting of all axis forces soon after.
 
Many, if not most of those are relatively insignificant (Tet, Inchon were just subtheatres of the Cold War, Mogudishu, Falklands, and San Juan Hill did little to alter the greater course of history)
 
Many, if not most of those are relatively insignificant (Tet, Inchon were just subtheatres of the Cold War,

Ok, Inchon was a battle, operation, landing, whatever. Tet was a an large battle made up of smaller ones. Just like Stalingrad.

And actually Vietnam and Korean wars were themselves subtheatres in a larger theatre of the Cold War.

Mogudishu, Falklands, and San Juan Hill did little to alter the greater course of history)

Thats why they are last on the list. But there are more important battles, I know. I just made this list in just 30 min using a book.

Feel free to sudgest inserts and addons.
 
How about our own lists? We could turn this into a "what are the fifteen greatest battles?" thread. for everyone to post their opinions in.
 
By the way, Stalingrad did have stretegic importance. It was in the way of Astrakhan, which would have cut the southern oil fields away from the rest of Russia, as well as securing a safe trade route from the oil fields assuming the Axis got to Baku.
 
I guess this list is done from the perspective of the United States? And are there any World War I battles in that list?
 
where are the World War One battles such as Somme or the Argonne!?!?
 
Maybe this should be retitled from "Top 15 important battles of 20th and 19th century" to 15 important battles of the 20th and 19th century. or just 15 battles of the...
 
I agree, where's Waterloo? Tobruk? Marketgarden? Barbarossa?
 
To be honest, if we were going to pick the 15 most crucial battles of the 19th and 20th century nearly all of them would be from one of the two world wars, the American civil war, or the Napoleonic wars. Not a lot of variety but it's the truth.
 
Perhaps the battle of Kursk and the siege of Leningrad should be added to the list. Those two battles along with Stalingrad decided the fate of millions.
 
Sedan 1870 should perhaps make a top 15 list. Brought about the unification of Germany into the Wilhelmine empire, as well as the French revanchism of 1914.
 
There are many missing and others not worth to be mentioned:
Waterloo, Leipzig, Sedan, Königgrätz, Marne, Tannenberg, Tsushima, Verun and Somme, Kursk, Midway to mention only a few. Stalingrad was a big defeat indeed, but Kursk was decisive. While the German army was still able to go into the offensive after Stalingrad, in the weeks after the loss of the 6th army the Wehrmacht destroyed 4 Soviet armies, including the 6th Soviet army, Kursk was the real turning point. After this there were minor wars, but especially Dîen Bîen Phu should be mentioned.

Adler
 
Nice thread, but I disagree about some choices of thread starter, like many others guys do, too.
It's very subjective... I'm going to think something, it could be good as you all other's choice, won't it? :)
 
How can Mogadishu be considered more important then Gettysburg?

And why is Waterloo not on the list?(it was certainly more relevant then Mogadishu or Falklands)
 
Well this is definitely from an American POV :D. 10 of your 15 most important battles are american! Like the others said: WW1 is missing (some of these massacre battles and Russian Revulution) more ww2 battles more napoleon battles moe asian battles...
 
Actually according to the book 100 Battles: Influential Battles of History he was not that far off.

But he was dead wrong about Normandy. If you took all the battles before 1800, Normandy would be in the 20s.

He got the two Civil Wars battles dead on. Anteitam was number 8 on the list and Gettysburg was 12 or something.

Huai-Hai would be number 10 I think. And Mukden was 9 or 11.

Midway would be #5 or #6.

Mogadishu was somewhere in the 30s range.

So would have been Tet, and Trafalgar was in 20s also. Stalingrad was #3 San Juan was would have been #22 and Inchon would have been #13

The WW1 battles were way back in the 50s range If i can remember correctly.

And he forgot Waterloo and the Battle of March 9th. It was in the teens. And the falklands wasn't even included.

These might be off by little. I lost the book along time ago.
 
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