Bifrost wrote:
After the beginning of the Cold War Cherchill started the world widest propaganda company to make West believe that England and USA are the actual winners.
I would disagree with this. Western histories have always highlighted the USSR's contributions to the war effort, and any Westerner who knew anything about the Second World War is usually also very aware that the USSR lost some 20 million people in the war. If you go into a Western library you'll find shelves of books on Operation Barbarossa, the battles for Moscow, Kursk and heroic Leningrad. What's more, you'll see that many of these books were written in the 1950s and 60s, during the worst years of the Cold War. The definitive American work on the Soviet-German war, Alexander Werth's Russia at War, was written in 1962. Any decent Western library worth its salt has books from all over the world as well. Remember, the Western governments do not control publishing the way the old USSR did. I can remember the 1980s when an Eastern European student returning home from the West (Austria, Germany, etc.) would get shook down by customs officers for what banned Western books they'd brought back, not for cocaine or guns. A friend of mine smuggled in an English-language copy of Mein Kampf to Hungary once while I had some books on WW II European resistance movements confiscated once.
On the contrary, the Soviet textbooks we had in school seemed to imply that the USSR alone had defeated Hitler, that no one else even showed up. I wonder how many Russians today are aware of how many Poles fought for the Allied side in the war, including in the Soviet armed forces...(despite the USSR's unprovoked attack on Poland in its collaboration with Hitler in 1939)? The number is not comparatively insignificant. These textbooks also didn't explain why Moscow expected the West to fight a multi-front war against the Germans, Italians and Japanese but the Soviets were allowed to wait until the Germans were comfortably defeated to join in the Japanese war in 1945.
I'm not taking pot-shots; I'm pointing out that when studying any event in history, it is best not to rely on one point of view for sources. In another thread I recommended the British historian John Keegan's book Re-Fighting World War II as a great place to start reading about the war, because it gives you a good overview of how historians the world over have seen the war over the past half century. He makes this startling statement in the book: "A history of the Second World War has not yet been written." He says this in 1992! He's talking about how nationalist passions, triumphalism and guilt have clouded too many of the histories written on the war so far. We're simply still too close to the events and still too passionate about them to really be objective.
I know that now the propaganda machine is off, but anyway the thing that we afraid of is that someday people will forget the price we paid for the destroying the Nazis(20 mln people - officially).
As an example, I'll point out that while indeed for the Soviet people it was a heroic sacrifice, losing some 20 million people in extreme circumstances, most historians today - including Russian - chalk a good number of these losses to several factors caused by the Soviets themselves. Stalin's inept military policies at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa caused unnecessarily high casualties in the Soviet Army, and his romantic notions of a soldier's duty also led to an extreme casualty rate as he liked to brag that the Soviet Army could and would absorb losses that no other army would or could. Soviet tactics were designed with the assumption that large numbers of men would be lost, with only the most practical concerns about these losses. Soviet soldiers fought bravely against a vicious enemy and ultimately prevailed, but it is generally agreed today that the numbers killed were artificially inflated by Soviet policies themselves, even after Kursk when the Soviets definitively began to outstrip the Germans in equipment, both in terms of quantity and quality. It also didn't help when Stalin hads returning Soviet POWs either shot or imprisoned because they didn't fight to the death....
As for the worst Soviet leader, I would go with Lenin. Lenin was the truest ideologue and I strongly suspect that if he'd lived another ten years, we would think of Stalin in much milder terms. Stalin was a common street thug with an acute innate sense for politics. His ultimate goal in life though was self-aggrandisement through sheer power. He had no compunction about wiping a people out if it suited his immediate needs, but he wasn't driven by a need to do so. For Stalin the USSR was just a medieval extension of himself and his whims. Lenin was driven by ideology. Lenin was very shrewd and practical, and could seem to give ground on areas he didn't think an immediate victory was possible or likely, but when he thought he could win he struck without mercy and he had a roadmap ready explaining who he wanted to wipe off the face of the Earth. He was a scary person in this regard, the wide-eyed fanatic imbued with power to carry out his extremist agenda. He was a bin Laden with a government. I think Russians should be very relieved that he did die when he did, though it's true his ultimate replacement wasn't much of an improvement.
And for whatever his actual deeds, Lenin is the one who got the whole 74 year totalitarian ball running...