1512-1701 (An Odessy!)

[Aeon221]

I'm just not sure what to do with Portugal in general. Those little buggers are causing me hell with resource placement ;p

I might give them a second resource (like I did with the turks) because putting slaves in Brazil to draw them just isnt doing it for me.

The thing about the various Habsburg Dominions is that I want them to be declining, and thats why I was going to give them all the same government.

Its not really important to do it like that, so I will just give them different ones ;p

They are going to have probably 3 govts. One will be more like the Austro/Spanish govt, one will be far more repressive and warlike (Alba-esque) but with a little less corruption, and the final will have very low corruption, a good number of free units, but high unit support once they break out of that. Tech level will be same as England's W&M.

Just had a thought. I think I am going to remove unit support per city from the game and replace it with the overall free units tab. It makes more sense in my head from a historical point of view, but I need some input on the utility of it!

Will run it and a few others through my head during track ;p

 

[Olorin0222]

Austrian Timeline: from http://timelines.ws/countries/AUSTRIA.HTML

Spoiler :

1513 Jun 6, Battle at Novara: Habsburgers vs. Valois.

1515 Jul 22, Emperor Maximillian and Vladislav of Bohemia forged an alliance between the Habsburg [Austria] and Jagiello [Polish-Lithuanian] dynasties in Vienna.

1516 Feb 23, The Hapsburg Charles I succeeded Ferdinand in Spain.

1519 Jan 12, Maximilian I of Hapsburg (59), Holy Roman Emperor and German Kaiser, died.

1519 Jul 6, Charles of Spain was elected Holy Roman emperor in Barcelona. The Catholic heir to the Hapsburg dynasty, Charles V, was elected Holy Roman Emperor, combining the crowns of Spain, Burgundy (with the Netherlands), Austria and Germany. He was the grandson of Ferdnand and Isabella of Spain.

1522 Feb 7, Treaty of Brussels: Habsburgers split into Spanish and Austrian Branches.

1523 Hans Judenkonig published in Vienna the first manual of lute playing.

1526 Ferdinand of Austria was elected King of Bohemia and inaugurated the Austro-Hungarian state.

1527 Croatia formed a state union with Austria.

1529 Oct 15, Ottoman armies under Suleiman ended their siege of Vienna and head back to Belgrade. The Ottomans siege of Vienna was a key battle of world history. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak with the Turks settled in Buda on the left bank of the Danube after failing in their siege of Vienna.

1538 Feb 24, Ferdinand of Hapsburg and John Zapolyai, the two kings of Hungary, concluded the peace of Grosswardein.

1544 Sep 19, Francis, the king of France, and Charles V of Austria signed a peace treaty in Crespy, France, ending a 20-year war. The Peace of Crespy ended the fighting between Charles V and Francis I. Henry VIII was not consulted. France surrendered much territory and Charles gave up his claim to Burgundy.

1556 Sep 9, Pope Paul IV refused to crown Ferdinand of Austria emperor.

1556 Sep 12, Emperor Charles resigned and his brother Ferdinand of Austria took over. Charles V resigned and ended his days in a Spanish monastery. He bequeathed Spain to his son Philip II, and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand I. A few years of peace in Europe followed. The event formed the basis for a later historical play by Friedrich Schiller, which was in turn used by Verdi for his opera "Don Carlos."

1562 The Jesuits established a secondary school in Innsbruck. It later became the Univ. of Innsbruck.

c1562 Austrian Archduke Maximilian began breeding Spanish Andalusian horses.

1568 The Spanish Riding School in Vienna began operating and became world famous for their Lipizzaners, white horses.

1571 Sep 7, Spanish and Venetian ships of the Christian League in the naval Battle of Lepanto in the Mediterranean Sea under Don John of Austria gained complete victory over a Turkish fleet with 117 Turkish ships sunk.

1574 A provincial academy was founded in Linz.

1576 Rudolf II was crowned King of the Holy Roman Empire and moved the Imperial Court from Vienna to Prague.

1578 Don John of Austria died of fever. He was succeeded as Governor of the Netherlands by Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma.

1580 Austrian Archduke Karl created a royal stud farm for horses in Lipizza.

1583 Rudolf II moved the Imperial Court of the Holy Roman Empire from Vienna to Prague.

1585 Archduke Karl II, ruler of Styria, granted the Faculties of Arts and Catholic Theology in Graz an official Univ. charter. He entrusted the Jesuits with the administration.

1586 Sep 10, Hans Hannibal Hutter von Hutterhofen, Austrian nobleman, was born. Johannes Kepler later drew up his horoscope.

1612-1626 Johannes Kepler, the Imperial Court Mathematician of the Habsburgs, taught at the provincial academy of Linz. Here he published his famous work Harmonices Mundi.

1622 Paris Lodron, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, founded the Univ. of Salzburg.

1625 May 15, In Upper Austria 16 rebellious farmers were hanged in Varcklamarkt.

1628 Aug 1, Emperor Ferdinand II demanded that Austria Protestants convert to Catholicism.

1636 Aug 8, The invading armies of Spain, Austria and Bavaria were stopped at the village of St.-Jean-de-Losne, only 50 miles from France.

1663 Apr 18, Osman declared war on Austria.

1661-1714 Peter Strudel, Austrian painter, he was a court painter of the Habsburgs and founded an art school that later became the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna.

1669 Emperor Leopold I sanctioned the foundation of a higher school in Innsbruck, Austria. This is considered to mark the founding of the Univ. of Innsbruck.

1670 Feb 14, Roman Catholic emperor Leopold I chased the Jews out of Vienna.

1670 Feb 27, Jews were expelled from Austria by order of Leopold I.

1670 Jul 25, Jews were expelled from Vienna, Austria.

1677 Pope Innocent XII confirmed the imperial foundation of the Univ. of Innsbruck in a papal bull that emphasized the Catholic character of the Univ. and decreed that the important chairs of the Faculty of Theology be filled by members of the Jesuit order.

1678 Jul 26, Joseph I Habsburg, German king, Roman catholic emperor (1705-11), was born.

1683 Feb 12, A Christian Army, led by Charles, the Duke of Lorraine and King John Sobieski of Poland, routed a huge Ottoman army surrounding Vienna.

1683 Sep 3, Turkish troops broke through the defense of Vienna.

1683 Sep 12, A combined Austrian and Polish army defeated the Ottoman Turks at Kahlenberg and lifted the siege on Vienna, Austria. The severed head of Kara Mustapha, Turkish grand vizier, was preserved by Austria as a souvenir of the siege of Vienna.

1683 Sep 12, Prince Eugene of Savoy repelled an invasion of Vienna, Austria, by Turkish forces.

1683 Sep 12, Marco d'Aviano, sent by Pope Innocent XI to unite the outnumbered Christian troops, spurred them to victory. The Turks left behind sacks of coffee which the Christians found too bitter, so they sweetened it with honey and milk and named the drink cappuccino after the Capuchin order of monks to which d'Aviano belonged. An Austrian baker created a crescent-shaped roll, the Kipfel, to celebrate the victory. Empress Maria Theresa later took it to France where it became the croissant.

1686 Jul 8, The Austrians took Budapest, Hungary, from the Turks and annexed the country.

1692 The Austrian Emperor assumes the patronage of the Vienna art school founded by Peter Strudel and it becomes the Academy of Fine Arts.

1697 Oct 30, The Treaty of Ryswick ended the War of the Grand Alliance (aka War of the League of Augsburg,1688-1697) between France and the Grand Alliance. France’s King Louis XIV (1638-1715) recognized King William III’s (1650-1702) right to the English throne, the Dutch received trade concessions, and France and the Grand Alliance members (Holland and the Austrian Hapsburgs) gave up most of the land they had conquered since 1679.

1699 Jan 26, The Treaty of Karlowitz ended the war between Austria and the Turks.

 

[Olorin0222]

Russian Timeline: from http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/EastEurope/EastEurope.html , http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/generalhistoriesrussia/ , http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/Russia.html and other sites

Spoiler :

c.1500-1550 - Trinity Chronicle

1503 - Church council supports Josephites, justifying the killing of heretics and the church's possession of lands

1509 - Cathedral of St. Michael (Archangel), Moscow, built, outstanding example of Italian High Renaissance

1510 - Vasiliy III annexes Pskov

1514 - Moscow absorbs territory of Smolensk

1532 - Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoe, built.

1533 - Ivan IV (the Terrible); expands autocracy, begins annexation of Siberia

1547 - Ivan IV assumes title of "tsar", first Russian to do so.

1550 – Sudebnik, a code of laws on how boyars and major-domos (okolnichii) are to administer justice.

1551 - Council of Hundred Chapters
1552 - Muscovy conquers Kazan.
1555 - Ivan IV (the Terrible) builds St. Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, Moscow; painted onion domes become symbol of Russia, epitome of Russo-Byzantine architecture: Muscovy Company formed in London
1556 - Muscovy conquers Astrakhan.
1563 - Ivan IV orders first printing press brought to Russia

1577 - Commercial links established with Holland

1582 - Conquest of western Siberia

1584 – Ivan IV dies, leaving Russia in disorder: Archangel founded

1589 - Russian Orthodox Church becomes independent of other orthodox churches

1596 - Union of Brest: Smolensk Kremlin established

1598 - Fyodor I, last Ryurikid ruler, dies

1598-1605 - Reign of Boris Gudunov

1605-1613 - Time of Troubles, Poland invades Russia

1613 - Michael Romanov becomes czar, founds the Romanov dynasty that rules until 1917

1618 – “Marvelous Church" built at Uglich

1632 - Town of Irkutsk founded

1649 - Ulozhenie (new legal code) promulgated, creating serfs: Church of the Nativity built in Putinki, Moscow

1652-66 - Patriarch Nikon sponsors sweeping reforms, increases power of patriarch, reduces Slavic practices, favors Greek classicism

1667-1670 - Palace of Kolomenskoe built

1670 -1671 - Revolt of Stenka Razin

1672 - The first Russian court theatre started performing in the residence of tsar Alexei Michilovitch.

c. 1675 - Archpriest Avvakum writes autobiography, opposes Nikon

1682 - Mestnichestvo abolished. Mestnichestvo was a system for appointing boyars' familys to high positions in government based on rank and not according to their real talents and abilities. The abolition of this outdated system helped Peter the Great later to bring about his important reforms.

1682 - Archpriest Avvakum martyred

1686 - Treaty with Poland confirms Russian possession of Kiev

1687 - Slav-Greek-Latin Academy, the first higher school, established in Moscow

1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk signed with China

1697-1698 - Peter I's Great Embassy

 

[Olorin0222]

Dutch Timeline: from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/6259/history.htm

Spoiler :

1504- Philip inherits the Spanish- Austrian crown.

1507- Margaret of Austria is Regent of the Netherlands, while Archduke Charles is still a minor (7 years old)

1515- Archduke Charles of Austria becomes governor of the Netherlands.

1517- The Protestant Reformation starts; Luther (posts his 95 thesis on the church in Wittenberg), Calvin, Zwingli.

1519- Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire adds the German crown to his possessions.

1530- Anabaptist movement gains strength in the Netherlands.

1533- Prince William (The Silent) of Orange is born (dies 1584),

1535- Anabaptists lay siege to the town hall in Amsterdam; Bishop of Munster recaptures the town and the Anabaptists suffer terrible vengeance.

1536- John Calvin publishes his "Institutes of the Christian Religion".

1536- Menno Simons (a "quiet Baptist") leaves the Catholic church and founds the Mennonites.

1556- Philip II, son of Charles V, succeeds him as King of Spain and becomes Prince of the Netherlands.

1559- Margaret of Parma, sister of Phillip II becomes Regent of the Netherlands (-1567).

1560- Teachings of John Calvin spread throughout the land; Start of Anti- Catholic movement.

. 1560- Prince William of Orange joins with the nobility in Holland and resists Spanish rule.

1566- Nobles present petition to Margaret requesting relaxation of edicts and ordinances against Calvinists and other Protestants. These nobles take on the name of "Geuzen" (Beggars); Margaret abolishes The Inquisition.

1567- Duke of Alba sent by Philip II to the Netherlands and sets up very strict regime.

1568- Start of Eighty Years War against Spain. Started by "breaking of Images" by Calvinists who opposed the religion of the Catholic church. The Calvinists are the driving force against the Spaniards. -Alba sets up his "Council of Blood" imposing severe penalties, including the arrest for treason and beheading in 1568 of the Counts of Egmond and Hoorn; Margaret resigns Regency.

1568 to 1562- During the sombre years of the war, writing of the "Wilhelmus", which becomes the National Anthem.

1568- Prince William of Orange gives authority to the "Geuzen" to resist Spain.

1572- The Dutch War of Independence begins.

1572- On April 1, the Geuzen seize the port of Briel (west of Rotterdam); strategic, because it controls the mouth of the Meuse and Waal rivers.

1572- William of Orange is proclaimed "stadholder" of Holland and Zeeland.

1573- Alba's troops regain control of the South of Holland and try to take the northern cities; lay siege to Haarlem; The Dutch use pigeons for the first time to send letters.

1573- Alba leaves Holland for Spain and his successor Don Luis de Requesens is left to deal with the Hollanders.

1574- Defeat of the Spanish in the Zuider Zee; siege of Leiden is relieved by flooding the countryside; University of Leiden (study of Calvinism) is established as gratitude to the Calvinists for support of the Geuzen; Spanish never again try to invade Holland.

1576- Phillip II makes his half brother Don John of Austria, governor of the Netherlands.

1576- "Pacification of Ghent" is signed by delegates of all the provinces forming the United Netherlands; William's dream is fulfilled.

1576- On November 4th, the "Spanish Fury" occurs in which mutinying Spanish troops murder 7000 citizens in Antwerp.

1578- Duke of Parma succeeds Don John, and brings back loyalty to the King by the Southern Provinces (now Belgium and Luxembourg).

1579- "Union of Artois" binds the Southern provinces loyalty to the King of Spain: retains Catholicism, and privileges of the estates.

1579- "Union of Utrecht" agreement of all the Northern provinces (Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijsel, Friesland, Groningen, Brabant, and Flanders); the new state named "United Provinces of Netherlands" or "Dutch Republic" and in the international community as "States-General"; The provincial stadholders become the political leaders.

1581- "Act of Abandonment"; States- General declare that Philip II has forfeited his sovereignty; Declaration of Independence by Low Countries.

1582- Attempt on the life of William of Orange is unsuccessful.

1584- William of Orange is assassinated at instigation of Phillip II, by Balthazar Gerards, a fanatical Catholic.

1585- Maurice of Nassau, William the Silent's second son, becomes stadholder of Holland and Zeeland; recaptures much of the southern Dutch territory from the Spaniards.

1584- Dutch Trading post founded at Archangel, Russia.

1585- The Frisian Academy is established in Franeker.

1585- Antwerp loses its importance as an International port to Amsterdam and Rotterdam.

1585- The Dutch sailor Lucas Janszoon Waghearen publishes his "Spiegel der Zeevaart", a book on sailing directions.

1592- Windmills used in Holland to drive mechanical saws.

1595- The Dutch begin to colonize the East Indies.

1597- The Dutch found Batavia, Java.

1598- The Dutch take Mauritius.

1600- The population of Holland is 3,000,000.

1600- Dutch opticians invent the telescope; perfected by Dutch Scientist Johan Lippershey.

1601- Dutch Navigator Olivier van Noort returns from circumnavigating the world ( begun 1598). This is the fourth time someone has done it since Magellan.

1602- Establishment of the East India Company in Batavia, the first modern Public Company; initial capital 540,000 pounds; establish the word "share" in 1610.

1604- Spanish capture Ostend , the last Dutch stronghold in Belgium, after a siege of 3.5 years.

1609 to 1713- the Golden Age of Dutch civilization; Trade with countries around the world including Africa, Asia and America; Culture flourished in the arts and literature and science; Antony van Leeuwenhoek invents the microscope; Paintings by Vermeer, Rembrandt (born 1609); 1608- First cheques, 'cash letters' used in the Netherlands.

1609- Tea from China shipped for the first time to Europe by the Dutch East India Co.

1609- Tin-enameled ware made at Delft; forerunner of the Delfts Blue pottery.

1609- Beginning of 12 years truce; Gomarists, staunch Calvinists, oppose the Armenians who have a more inclusive attitude; clash over direction of the Reformed Church.

1612- Dutch use Manhattan as fur- trading center for the first time.

1612- Treaty between the Dutch and the King of Kandy in Ceylon.

1614- The University of Groningen is founded.

1615- Dutch seize the Moluccas from Portugal.

1616- Dutch astronomer and mathematician W. Snellius, discovers the Law of Refraction.

1618- Founding of the Dutch West African Company.

1619- Johan van OldenBarnevelt, "advocate" of Holland and an Armenian, is tried for treason and beheaded.

1619- Synod of Dordtrecht by the Reformed Church; dominated by Contra- Remonstrants (Gomarists); expelling of the Remonstrants (Armenians) from the church; reaffirmation of doctrine along Gomarian lines and ordered a new translation of the bible (Staten Bible).

1621- Dutch West India Company formed; main trade is in slaves; later acquired North American coast from Chesapeake Bay to New Foundland.

1621 to 1648- War resumes in 1621.

1623- Dutch massacre English colonists at Amboyna, Moluccan Islands.

1623- New Netherlands in America formally organized as a Province.

1624- The Dutch settle in New Amsterdam.

1625- Prince Maurice dies and is succeeded by his half brother Frederick Henry who becomes Prince of Orange and Stadholder.

1625- Spain takes Breda from the Dutch after an 11 month siege.

1626- Peter Minuit, Director General of the Dutch West India Co., buys Manhatten Island from the natives for merchandise valued at $24.00.

1628- Piet Hein's celebrated victory over the Spanish Silver Fleet off the coast of Cuba.

1628- The Dutch occupy Java and the Moluccas

1629- Dutch mathematician Albert Gerard, uses brackets and other abbreviations in mathematics.

1631- Dutch West Indies Co. founds settlement at the Delaware River.

1633- Dutch settlement in Connecticut.

1634- Founding of the University of Utrecht.

1634- Island of Curacao is captured by Dutch forces.

1635- Dutch occupy Formosa, English Virgin Islands, and French Martinique.

1637- Commercial collapse of the Dutch Tulip trade.

1637- Under Frederick Henry, the Dutch recapture Breda.

1642- Abel Tasman, born in Lutjegast, Groningen, in the employ of the Dutch East India Co., discovers New Zealand and Tasmania.

1642- Rembrandt finishes his famous painting , "The Night Watch".

1642- Frederick Henry's son, William II, marries Princess Mary Stuart, daughter of Charles I of England.

1644- Abel Tasman charters parts of northern and western Australia (New Holland).

1645- The Dutch occupy St. Helena.

1646- The"Great Elector" Frederick William of Brandenburg, marries Louise, daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange.

1647- Frederick Henry of Orange dies and is succeeded by his son William II.

1648- In January William II signs Peace Treaty with Spain; end of the 80 years war.

1650- William II dies of smallpox; no successor.

1650- The English and Dutch agree on the respective frontiers of their North American colonies.

1650 to 1672- First stadholderless period.

1651- The Dutch settle at the Cape of good Hope in South Africa.

1651- English "Act of Navigation" forbidding Dutch shippers from acting as middlemen an English trade thereby giving English ships monopoly of foreign trade; This precipitates war.

1652- Enlish defeat Dutch at Battle of the Downs off Folkestone, before they declare war; this becomes the first Anglo-Dutch war.

1653- English defeat the Dutch off Portland, North Foreland and Texel.

1653- Johan de Witt takes office of Councillor Pensionnaire of Holland; He negotiates the peace with England.

1654- Treaty of Westminster ends the first Anglo-Dutch war; Dutch recognize the Navigation Act.

1654- De Witt encourages the rebuilding of Dutch navy during peacetime.

1654- Portugese drive the Dutch out of Brazil.

1656- The Dutch take Columbo from the Portugese.

1657- Christiaan Huygens designs the first pendulum for clocks.

1660- The Dutch Boers settle in South Africa.

1666 to 1667- Second Anglo-Dutch war; Strong Dutch Navy sails up the Thames and destroys the British Fleet and the shipyards at Chatham.

1666- Quadruple Alliance between Holland, Brandenburg, Brunswick, and Denmark to secure the safety of Holland.

1667- Peace of Breda ends the Anglo- Dutch war.

1667- War of Devolution begins as French troops invade Netherlands.

1668- Triple Alliance between Anglo- Dutch-Sweden, to force France to make peace with Spain.

1668- William III went to England to accept the English throne of his father in law Charles I.

1669- Dutch painter Rembrandt dies.

1672- Charles II of England joins France to fight Holland; in July William III becomes stadholder and takes over leadership of Dutch defences from de Witt.

1672- Jan de Witt is lynched by a mob in The Hague.

1672- Flexible hose for fighting fires is invented by Jan van der Heyde nd his son.

1674- English troops are forced to withdraw from Holland.

1678- End of Anglo-French-Dutch war; Peace negotiated at Nijmegen.

1683- League of The Hague; Emperor Leopold I and Charles II of Spain join Dutch Swedish alliance against France.

1688 to 1697- Nine Years War of fighting between an Anglo-Dutch alliance and France.

1689- First modern trade fair held at Leiden.

1689- Natal becomes a Dutch Colony.

1696- William III is campaigning in Holland against the French.

 

[Olorin0222]

Sweden Timeline: from http://europeanhistory.about.com/gi...p://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq731.html and http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/scandinavia/swe16111654.html

Spoiler :

1500s The popularity of surströmming, a Swedish fermented herring with a noxious stench, surged in the early 1500s and again in the early 1700s.

1520 Nov 4, Danish-Norwegian king Christian II was crowned king of Sweden.

1520 Nov 9, Christian II executed 600 nobles.

1522 Gustavus Vasa became administrator of Sweden and pledged to free his country from Danish control.

1523 Jun 6, [Gustav] Gustavus Vasa was elected Gustavus I of Sweden.

1524 Denmark confirmed Swedish independence under Gustavus Vasa in the Treaty of Malmo.

1527 Jun 24, Gustaaf I began Reformation in Sweden, taking Roman Catholic possessions.

1527 Printing of books is made a Royal privilege.

1541 Bible is printed in Swedish.

1544 Gustavus I of Sweden signed an alliance with France.

1544 The Diet declares the monarchy hereditary. After this the principle of all four Estates participating in the Diets is firmly established.

1550 Helsinki was founded by the Swedes.

1552 Apr 14, Laurentius Andreae, [Lars Andersson], Swedish church reformer, died.

1563-1864 Expulsion is the penalty for spread of beliefs divergent from orthodox Lutheranism.

1568 Sep 30, Eric XIV, king of Sweden, was deposed after showing signs of madness. The Swedes declared Eric XIV unfit to reign and proclaimed John III king.

1570 Sweden gave up her claim to Norway.

1570 Denmark recognized the independence of Sweden in the Peace of Stettin.

1577 Feb 26, Erik XIV Wasa (43), King of Sweden (1560-69), died.

1581 Sweden and Poland overran Livonia (a territory that included southern Latvia and northern Estonia).

1593 Lutheranism is confirmed by a Church meeting in Uppsala.

1594 Dec 9, Gustavus II Adolphus (d.1632), king who made Sweden a major power (1611-32), was born.

1598 Sep 25, King Sigismund was defeated at Stangebro by his Uncle Charles.

1610 Jul 4, Battle at Klushino: King Sigismund III of Poland beat Russia & Sweden.

1613 Academic printer established at the university (Uppsala).

1613 Sweden pays ransom for the fort at Älvsborg, where 1619 Gothenburg is founded.

1614 Justice reform leads to royal courts of appeal in Stockholm, Turku/Åbo (1623) and Tartu/Dorpat (1630).

1617 Mar 9, The Treaty of Stolbovo ended the occupation of Northern Russia by Swedish troops.

1617 Possession of printed propaganda from foreign powers gets sentenced by death penalty.

1626 Dec 8, Christina (d.1689), queen of Sweden, was born. She negotiated the Peace of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years' War. "Fools are more to be feared than the wicked. "Dignity is like a perfume; those who use it are scarcely conscious of it."

1628 Aug 10, The Swedish 228-foot warship Vasa capsized and sank in Stockholm harbor on her maiden voyage because the ballast was insufficient to counterweight the 64 guns and ballast. The wreckage was found in 1956. It opened as part of a the Vasa museum in 1990. Twenty-five men and women drowned when the ship sank. Vasa was the most expensive and richly ornamented warship of its time in Sweden. She was recovered in 1961 and the skeletal remains were exhumed in 1989.

1631 Jul 23, Sweden's King Gustavus II Adolfus repulsed an imperialist force at Werben, Russia.

1631 Sep 17, At the Battle of Breitenfeld (Leipzig) Sweden’s King Gustaaf Adolf led a Saxon-Swedish army and defeated Gen. Tilly.

1632 Apr 15, Swedish and Saxon army beat Earl Tilly.

1632 Sep 3, Battle at Nuremberg: Duke Wallenstein beat Sweden.

1632 Nov 6, Gustavus II Adolphus (37), king of Sweden, died in battle.

1632 Nov 16, Battle at Lutzen: Sweden beat the imperial armies under Wallenstein.

1632 The university in Tartu/Dorpat is founded.

1634 Sep 5, Battle at Nordlingen: King Ferdinand III & Catholic Spain beat Sweden & German protestants.

1634-1644 Hugo Grotius (d.1645) of Holland, father of international law, served the Swedish government as ambassador to France.

1637 Nov 20, Peter Minuit & 1st Dutch and Swedish immigrants to Delaware sailed from Sweden. Peter later purchased Manhattan Island for 60 guilders.

1640s The violin was introduced, possibly by French musicians at the court of Queen Christina.

1640 The university in Turku/Åbo is founded

1648 At the end of the Thirty years’ War the Swedes got to Prague and picked up the remains of works collected by Rudolf II and Albrecht von Wallenstein, leader of the Hapsburg armies.

1650 Feb 11, Rene Descartes (b.1596), French mathematician and philosopher: "I think therefore I am", died in Stockholm. [see Feb 1]

1654 Jun 6, Queen Christina of Sweden resigned and converted to Catholicism.

1655 Aug 29, Swedish king Karel X Gustaaf occupied Warsaw.

1655 Sep 26, Peter Stuyvesant recaptured Dutch Ft. Casimir from Swedish in Delaware.

1656 Jan 17, Prussian Duke Frederick Wilhelm withdrew ties with Lithuania and Poland and acknowledged vassal status with Sweden.

1656 Oct 24, Treaty of Vilnius (Lithuania): Russia and Poland signed an anti-Swedish covenant.

1668 Feb 7, The Netherlands, England and Sweden concluded an alliance directed against Louis XIV of France.

1668 The university in Lund is founded.

1671-1675 Nobel masters have right to sentence their employees.

1675 Jun 28, Frederick William of Brandenburg crushed the Swedes.

1676 Apr 17, Frederick I, king of Sweden, was born.

1682 Jun 27, Charles XII (d.1718), King of Sweden (1697-1718), was born.

1685 Dec 3, Charles II barred Jews from settling in Stockholm, Sweden.

1689 Apr 19, Christina (b.1626), Queen of Sweden (1644-54), died. In 2004 Veronica Buckley authored “Christina: Queen of Sweden.”

1697-1718 Charles XII ruled Sweden.

1698 Aug 18, After invading Denmark and capturing Sweden, Charles XII of Sweden forced Frederick IV of Denmark to sign the Peace of Travendal.

 

[Olorin0222]

Safavids Timeline: from http://www.mage.com/TLbody.html

There's not one real good timeline on the Safavids that I saw. This is the best I could find.

Spoiler :

1501-1524 -- Shah Ismail I united all of Persia under Iranian leadership after some nine centuries of foreign or fragmented rule. Being a Shi'ite, he declared Shi'ism as the state religion and converted virtually all of Persia and some surrounding areas under his control from Sunnism to Shi'ism. Shi'ism became a medium for the Persians to differentiate themselves from the rest of the Islamic world, in particular from the Sunni Ottomans. To ensure its continuation as the state religion, the Safavid kings in general supported the Shi'ite clergy.
1587-1629 -- The reign of Shah Abbas the Great marked the pinnacle of the Safavid dynasty. He developed a disciplined standing army and defeated the Ottomans. In 1598, he chose Isfahan as his capital. A strong supporter of the arts, especially architecture, he adorned Isfahan with some of the finest Islamic monuments in the world. He built a number of mosques, schools, bridges and a major bazaar. During his reign, Persian craftsmen and artists excelled in creating fine silks, cloths, porcelain, metalwork, calligraphy, miniatures and carpets.
1501-1722 -- The two contemporary Islamic rivals of the Safavids, the Ottomans in Anatolia and the Mughals in India, relied on Persian artisans and poets for much of their arts and literature. Persian was the language of choice in both of their courts. This preference is evident from their poems and miniature paintings whose texts were almost exclusively written in Persian. Persian influence was especially prevalent in India, where it was also the cultural and administrative language; it remained so until the colonization of India by the British. The Taj Mahal's principle architect was a Persian named Ustad Isad and its architectural style was significantly influenced by Persian designs.

 

[Olorin0222]

The only Timelines I have left to do, I believe, are the Mamelukes, the Barabary States, and the Golden Horde. There won't be any Mameluke Timelines, because the were non-exixstant before to long. I will try and scrounge up something for the other two, but they may not be of the best quality...

 

[Aeon221]

Don't sweat the Mames and the Hordes. Neither of them is intended to last very long in game either (significant penalties, not playable by humans)

If you snag the States, thats pretty much all we need.

Thanks man!

MEGA helpful!

 

[Olorin0222]

I will work on the Barbary States then after I get done with class at 1:45.

Would it still be helpful if I wrote the Pediaicons.txt for the LH's?

 

[Gunner]

I'm not sure, but I think that the free support per city is a big incentive for the AI to expand and colonize. I know you have other things in there to make the AI colonize, but its probably best to have all of the incentives you can give for colonizing in a scenario like this.

I might be wrong, some good old testing should do the trick to find out.

 

[Aeon221]

taking a temporary leave of absence.

family tragedy

will be able to do stuff again in about a week.

sorry guys.

 

[Olorin0222]

Hey don't worry about it. Do what you need to do.

God Bless.

 

[Olorin0222]

Barbary Coast Timeline:

Spoiler :

1510–1659 The Sacdid sharifs, claiming descent from Muhammad, come to power in Morocco and establish Marrakesh as their capital. The period is prosperous: the technical and commercial expertise of Andalusian immigrants, as well as Saharan trade in gold and slaves, generate tremendous wealth. The arts flourish and the region's isolation from other parts of the Islamic world provides a distinct flavor. In architecture, the zawiya (hospice) of Sidi’l-Jazuli (1529–57), Sacdid tombs (1557–1603), and the Badica palace (1578–93) in Marrakesh are noteworthy. The Ben Yusuf Madrasa (1564–65) in Marrakesh, commissioned by cAbdallah al-Ghalib (r. 1557–74), is the largest madrasa in the Maghrib and the only extant example built by the Sacdids.

1512 Leo Africanus, who visits Songhay in 1512, is first to write an account of sub-Saharan Africa (1562) that is translated into a language other than Arabic.

1513 Magellan, who served for the Portuguese on many expeditions, was wounded in a campaign against the Moroccan stronghold of Azamor. The wound caused him to limp for the rest of his life.

1518 Algiers and Tunis, Barbary States in North Africa, were founded.

1518 Africans imported to Hispaniola by Spain to replace Native American laborers who ran off, committed suicide, or died rather than be enslaved.

1528 Askia Muhammad exiled by son; dies in 1538.

1530s Khayr Ad-Din (d.1546) known by the European name Barbarossa, meaning Redbeard, united Algeria and Tunisia as military states under the Ottoman caliphate. He was a Barbary pirate and later as admiral of the Ottoman fleet.

1534 Aug 20, Turkish admiral Chaireddin (Khair ad-Din) "Barbarossa" occupied Tunis.

1541 The Portuguese abandoned their sea defense settlement at Mogador, later Essaouira. Mogador had originally been named by the Phoenicians.

1546 Barbarossa, one of the great figures in the court at Istanbul, died. Khayr Ad-Din was a Barbary pirate and later, as admiral of the Ottoman fleet, he united Algeria and Tunisia as military states under the Ottoman caliphate in the 1530s.

1550–1575 The areas of present-day Algeria (1555) and Tunisia (1574) recognize Ottoman suzerainty. The high culture of the Ottoman court in Istanbul becomes a model for governors residing in the region. Given the geographic proximity, also important are the developments taking place in the Italian peninsula. The arts of the Ottoman period reflect the synthesis of local, Ottoman, and Italian styles. Few major architectural developments take place until the seventeenth century.

1554 Dragut, leader of the Mediterranean pirates, recaptured Mehedia, Tunisia, from the Spaniards.

1578 Aug 4, A crusade against the Moors of Morocco was routed at the Battle of Alcazar-el-Kebir. King Sebastian of Portugal and 8,000 of his soldiers were killed. Sebastian was killed along with the King of Fez and the Moorish Pretender in the Battle of Alcazar. He was succeeded by Cardinal Henry.

1582 Songhay kingdom ruled by Askia Daoud.

1585 The ruler of Morocco captured the Songhai's salt mines in Taghaza and puts his eye on the Songhai source of gold.

1590 Ahmed al-Mansour, a Saadian sultan, built El Badi Palace in Marrakesh. It was cannibalized in less than 100 years by Moulay Ismail for his own capital at Meknes.

1590 Apr 25, The Sultan of Morocco launched his successful attack to capture Timbuktu. Morocco sent 4,000 soldiers under the Muslim Spaniard Judar Pasha to conquer Songhai. After a five month journey across the Shara, Pasha arrived with only 1,000 men, but his soldiers carried guns. The 25,000 men of the Songhai were no match for the guns and Gao, Timbuktu and most of Songhai fall.

1590-1591 Mahmud al-Kati, Soninke writer, begins writing history of Sudan. No document survives, but his work is incorporated into the work Tarikh al-fettash, by Ibn Mukhtar.

1591 Songhay empire attacked by Morocco

1612–1702 The Muradids, originally regents of the Ottomans, emerge as semi-independent rulers in Tunisia. With the 1609 expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain, the agriculture and industry of the region is stimulated and trade with Europe increases. The Muradids undertake the restoration of various monuments in the old capital of Kairouan and the construction of new buildings in the rising commercial center of Tunis. The Mosque of Hammuda Pasha (1665) has the hypostyle plan typical of the Maghrib, but this type is eventually replaced by the Ottoman-style domed prayer hall, represented by the Sidi Mahriz Mosque built in 1675.

1618 Moroccan occupation of Songhay ends. Decline of Songhay complete by end of 17th century.

1619 Africans are sold from a Dutch warship to merchants of Virginia Company in Jamestown, Virginia.

1655 Apr 4, Battle at Postage Farina, Tunis: English fleet licked Barbarian pirates.

1655 Apr 28, English admiral Blake beat a Tunisian pirate fleet.

1659 The last of the Sacdian rulers is assassinated in Marrakesh, the dynasty's final holdout in Morocco. The Alawids, who have been gathering power under the leadership of Mawlay Rashid (r. 1664–72), expand out of their lands in the eastern part of the country to take Fez and then Marrakech.

1660 An Ottoman governor commissions the Mosque of the Fisherman in Algiers. Although the plan is sent from Istanbul, the elevation of the mosque clearly has local influences.

1670 Tuareg Berbers capture Gao.

1672 Mawlay Ismail (r. 1672–1727) succeeds as Alawid king. After years of constant fighting, he is able to gain much territory, but Morocco remains an aggregate of different groups with little cohesion. In Ismail's capital of Meknès, a vast palace quarter is constructed with the forced labor of local and Christian slaves.

 

[pinktilapia]

Hi again. Just dropping a line on the map...
Having recently played (at last) Rye's Mod, and I am seriously thinking Southeast Asia need some remapping. Let me know if you agree revising the map, I would love doing that for the SEA region.

 

[Aeon221]

Sorry I have been gone for a while, but i had to go to a funeral on the 19th and i really havent had time to deal with anything since.

That would be really helpful, since i know very little about that region. Just download the biq and change what you think should be different in that area. if you could email it to me (saved as something else) at eeline@thehill.org i could compare the two and make what changes work best in my mind.

Thanks!

And as always, thanks for the research Olorin! ;p

Made a new mfmunit, the Asian Crossbow and Spear

its at the usual place. im gonna post a preview of this one.

 

[Olorin0222]

I'm starting to kind of second-guess my picks for the two Chinese Civs.

What about Wang Kong?



And The New CivArmy Manchu LH



Are either of these preferable to the ones I picked back here?

My LH's

 

[Aeon221]

I like who we have for china, but the Manchu guy is so goofy I almost want to include him ;p

He looks like my polish grandpa! haha

 

[Olorin0222]

cool...I'll ask Shiro if he has the beat up and kiss pcx's for the two we picked earlier. I'll make the rest of them and then post them.

 

[Aeon221]

Hokay! Sounds good.

Meanwhile I am compiling a list of the unit animations I have made/found. We are getting close to having all of them, in which case I will add them all into the units32, civlopedia, etc.

There is apparently a sloop animation floating around that I am desperate to get my hands on! It is small enough to make a perfect brig!

Will post it when I am done.

 

[Gunner]

Yeah, I like that Manchu guy. I think you gotta have him!