1512-1701 (An Odessy!)

[Olorin0222]

India History (from http://www.indhistory.com/medieval-india-history.html)

Spoiler :

1510 - Portuguese capture Goa

1526 - Establishment of the Mughul Dynasty; First Battle of Panipat

1526-1530 - Reign of Babur

1530 - Humayun succeeds Babur

1539 - Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan

1555 - Humayun recovers the throne of Delhi

1556 - Accession of Akbar

1565 - Battle of Talikota

1568 - Fall of Chittor Garh

1576 - Battle of Haldighati

1577 - Akbar troops invade Khandesh

1597 - Akbar completes his conquests

1600 - Charter to the English East India Company

1605-1627 - Reign of Jahangir

1609 - The Dutch open a factory at Pulicat

1615 - Submission of Mewar to the Mughals

1620 - Capture of Kangra Fort

1623 - Shah Jahan revolts against Jahangir

1628 - Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor

1636 - Aurangzeb appointed Viceroy of Deccan

1646 - Shivaji captures Torna

1658 - Coronation of Aurangzeb

1666 - Death of Shah Jahan

1689 - Execution of Sambhaji

 

[Aeon221]

WoaH!

What happened to being sicK???

Thanks so MUCH! This is gonna help a TON!

Meanwhile, unit two (Pikes and Knights!) started on.

Going with a 2 man job this time, 1 pike and 1 knight.

Serioulsy dude, go get well! Eat some soup and sleep... or whatever sick people do ;p

 

[Olorin0222]

Italian Timeline (from http://pirate.shu.edu/~connelwi/Timeline.htm)

waaaaaay too long to post here, but you can take a look and see if it helps any. So far, I haven't found anything maybe not quite as detalied as this, but I'll keep looking.

 

[Olorin0222]

I woke up from a 3-hour nap feeling better, so I started googling timelines in my pj's...

 

[Olorin0222]

Timeline of Poland (from http://www.rootsweb.com/~polwgw/history.html)

1500s
The Renaissance comes to Poland. Polish becomes the language in lieu of Latin. Literature, learning, culture, and architecture flourish.

1543
Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikolaj Kopernik) publishes "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," proposing that the earth revolves around the sun.

1569
The Polish Parliament, or Sejm, unifies Poland and Lithuania into one state. Royal succession is now based on election by the Sejm, including allowing foreign candidates for consideration. The decision was disastrous for Poland, and during the period of the Royal Republic, only four out of eleven kings were native Poles.


The Royal Republic 1572-1795
1573
The Sejm guarantees religious equality. Roman Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Orthodox Christians, and Muslims all live together in Poland in peace.
1596-1609
Poland's capital city is moved from Krakow to Warsaw.

1655-60
Known as the Deluge, Sweden invades Poland with the help of the Tartars and Cossacks from the East. Poland is virtually destoyed as cities are burned and plundered. A population of 10 million is reduced to 6 million due to the wars, famine, and the bubonic plauge.

1674-96
This period is the reign of Jan III Sobieski, an excellent military commander. Sobieski's forces have many victories over the Turks.

 

[Olorin0222]

History of Germany Timeline (from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/euwc/ht09euwc.htm) (edited)

Spoiler :

• 1500 Out of 12 million Germans, only 1.5 million live in cities. With 50,000 inhabitants, Augsburg is the largest city, followed by Cologne (40,000) and Nuremberg (30,000). In Free Imperial Cities (Freie Reichstädte) such as Basel, corporations (Zünfte) are represented on municipal councils, along with members of patrician families (Geschlechter).

• early 16th century Swiss physician Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus (ca. 1493–1541) rejects the prevalent medical belief of his time that physical illnesses are caused by an imbalance of the body's four "humors" (melancholic, choleric, sanguine, and phlegmatic). He proposes instead that the body is weakened by external conditions and toxic agents, and may be treated with a number of chemical remedies. Although influenced by contemporary mysticism and the occult, Paracelsus' medical observations lay the foundation for modern diagnostic methods.

• 1509 Merchants and bankers Ulrich and Jakob Fugger, among the wealthiest men in Europe, sign an agreement with the Carmelites of Augsburg for the construction of a funerary chapel for themselves and their deceased brother Georg in the convent church of Saint Anna. Often in Venice for business, they wish to emulate the example of Italian merchant dynasties. Jakob Fugger insists on the consistent application of Italianate forms and ornaments. Although the Fuggers have every means to award the ambitious project to a Venetian master, they ask Dürer to design the tombs and entrust the execution to an Augsburg workshop, presumably the Daucher firm. Completed in 1517, the Fugger chapel is the earliest and purest example of German Renaissance architecture; the Fuggers' status ensures that its influence resonates immediately throughout the empire.

• 1511–1516 Matthias Grünewald (1475/80–1528) paints a double set of wings for a large shrine, delivered by Strasbourg sculptor Niclaus of Haguenau before 1505, for the high altar of the chapel of the Antonines at Isenheim in Alsace (Musée d'Unterlinden, Colmar). At this time, the Antonines run a hospital for plague victims and sufferers of ergotism, a disease with plaguelike symptoms, who are probably able to identify with the imagery of this altarpiece. On the closed wings of the polyptych, they may see a parallel for their ailments in the tortured, already decomposing Christ towering over a barren landscape and a night sky in one of the most disturbing renderings of the Crucifixion. On Sundays, the shutters are opened to reveal the Nativity accompanied by an angelic concert, with the Annunciation on the left and the Resurrection on the right. With strident chromatic contrasts, the interior is as luminous as the exterior is dark. On high feast days, a second set of wings with scenes from the life of Saint Anthony flanks his carved effigy.

• by 1515 Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) develops the heliocentric theory of planetary motion, proposing that the earth and other planets move in orbit around a stationary sun. This opposes Ptolemaic theory—widely accepted through the sixteenth century and incorporated into church doctrine—in which Earth is the fixed center of the universe. Copernicus provides a catalyst for the surge of astronomical study and discovery that begins in the sixteenth century; his ideas are taken up by Galileo in Italy, and by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe and his assistant Johannes Kepler, who further define the laws of planetary movement.

• 1517 Martin Luther (1483–1546), professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg, posts his 95 theses regarding corruption within the Roman Catholic Church. Convinced on studying Saint Paul that salvation is achieved through faith alone, he questions the validity of an organized church and is particularly enraged at the sale of indulgences (the temporal remission of punishment in Purgatory). This act precipitates the Reformation in Germany, and for it Luther is excommunicated in a papal bull of 1520. He takes refuge at the Wartburg, castle of Elector Frederick III the Wise of Saxony, where he completes a German translation of the New Testament. During Luther's exile, Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) prepares the Augsburg Confession—a statement of Lutheran belief—for the Diet of Augsburg in 1530. Emperor Charles V rejects the Confession, and tensions between the Catholic emperor and Protestant princes persist until a temporary settlement is reached in 1555. The Peace of Augsburg of that year establishes that the religion of each state of the Holy Roman Empire is to be determined by its ruler.

• 1519–1556 Charles V is Holy Roman Emperor (also king of Spain as Charles I, r. 1516–56). His reign is beset by religious and political turmoil, including peasant uprisings (1524–26), Ottoman assaults on Austria and Hungary, and the Habsburg-Valois Wars, an ongoing struggle with French king François I for possession of several Italian states. Although François relinquishes his claims in Italy, in 1526 he organizes an anti-imperial alliance with various Italian states, leading to the invasion of Italy and the sacking of Rome (1527) by an imperial army. Charles is then crowned in Bologna in 1530. He summons the celebrated Venetian painter Titian (ca. 1488–1576) to Augsburg in 1548, where the artist executes numerous portraits of the emperor and members of the nobility.

• 1521 Desiderius Erasmus (ca. 1466–1536) settles in the Swiss town of Basel. An influential scholar and author, Erasmus at first supports the church reforms called for by Luther, later dismissing them as too radical. Erasmus' works of the 1520s reflect the broad scope of his intellectual interests and lifelong concern with the advancement of scholarship, and include treatises on the education of children, the reshaping of classical form in modern dialogue, and the art of letter writing.

• from the 1520s Considering religious images idolatrous, Protestants stir a wave of iconoclasm that persists until the Counter-Reformation at the century's end; thousands of artworks are destroyed.

• 1526 Hans Holbein the Younger (ca. 1497/98–1543) paints his last and most complex religious work before leaving Basel for England: the Virgin with the Family of Jakob Meyer (Schlossmuseum, Darmstadt). In a decade when Basel adopts the Reformation and iconoclasts destroy much religious art in the city, Burgomaster Meyer remains staunchly Catholic. The altarpiece is intended for his private chapel on his estate outside Basel, where it would be seen by very few, a matter of great concern to both patron and artist. The Virgin's mantle stretches to cover Meyer's shoulders, following the traditional iconography of the Virgin of Mercy. The altarpiece, however, reflects the degree to which Holbein has assimilated the lessons of the High Renaissance, either through a hypothetical journey to Italy or through Italian works of art north of the Alps: its pyramidal composition derives from Raphael, the chiaroscuro in the faces owes much to Leonardo, and the gesture of the Christ Child, reaching out toward the viewer, is borrowed from Michelangelo. The painting, which appears to be a continuation of the viewer's world (the younger Meyer child nearly falls in our direction), would have offered justification and comfort to Meyer in his attachment to the Catholic faith.

• 1556 Charles V resigns the imperial crown, formally abdicating in 1558. He divides the empire between his son Philip, to whom he gives the Spanish kingship, Naples, and Sicily, and his brother Ferdinand, who receives the Austrian territories and succeeds Charles as Emperor Ferdinand I (r. 1558–64). Ferdinand resides at the Hofburg in Vienna, the traditional home of the Habsburgs. Having suffered a severe fire in 1525 and Ottoman siege in 1529, the city benefits greatly from imperial patronage under Ferdinand and his son and successor, Maximilian II (r. 1564–76). Ferdinand encourages a flourishing of Italian art at his court, and Maximilian commissions a summer palace, the Neugebäude, that sets the precedent for a surge of construction at mid-century.

• 1576 Rudolf II, son of Emperor Maximilian II (r. 1564–76), king of Hungary from 1572 and Bohemia from 1575, is elected Holy Roman Emperor (died 1612). He establishes his court in Prague, which becomes a center of Mannerism. Rudolf surrounds himself with painters such as Bartholomeus Spranger (1546–1611), Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527–1593), Hans von Aachen (1552–1615), and the Dutch sculptor Adriaen de Vries (1545/46–1626).

• 1600 The Frankfurt-born painter Adam Elsheimer goes to Rome, where he remains until his early death in 1610. On his journey, he passes through Bavaria and Venice, where he sees works by Albrecht Altdorfer, Veronese, and Jacopo Bassano, whose styles inform his own. He is especially celebrated for his small-scale works on copper, which display both a miniaturist's feeling for sharp detail and the monumentality of Roman Baroque work.

• 1614 The devoutly Catholic Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II (r. 1619–37) invites Jesuits, Theatines, Augustinians, and other missionary orders to Vienna in order to convert his many Protestant subjects. Most of those who answer the call are Italians, who bring with them Italian architects and artists to build churches for them, as well as composers and musicians to animate their liturgy. As a result, the Roman Baroque style, a primary source for the Viennese Baroque of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, is introduced into the Habsburg capital.

• 1618 In Prague, a predominantly Protestant city, a mob of citizens angrily throws the resident Habsburg governors from a castle window. This so-called Defenestration of Prague marks the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, in which the ambitions and animosities fueled by the Reformation in central Europe erupt in a generation-long conflict. The situation creates a slim market for painters, sculptors, and architects, and stalls the training of apprentices in those arts. As a result, when peace is declared in 1648, few central European artists are available, and commissions go instead to artists recently arrived from Italy and France.

• 1631 The wealthy mercantile city of Augsburg in southern Germany, eager to protect itself against the mounting dangers of war, sends an ebony cabinet of local manufacture as a diplomatic present to one of the belligerents in the Thirty Years' War, Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden. Intended as a microcosm of the entire world, the cabinet (now in the Universitet Konstsamling, Uppsala) incorporates precious materials, the work of several skilled craftsmen, and the learned advice of the humanist scholar Philipp Hainhofer. A generation later, after the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War, Augsburg has become an important center of production for luxury furniture, including pieces embellished with silver overlays, hardstones, exotic woods, and a profusion of classical ornament. Noblemen throughout central Europe, fascinated by wonders and eager to impress their own courts as well as their rivals, eagerly collect these splendid pieces.

• 1634 A group of Jesuits recently arrived in the Hungarian town of Györ begin to build a church there, dedicated to Saint Ignatius Loyola. The central section of the facade, like a Roman Baroque structure, is crowned with a rounded pediment flanked by volutes, but the towers on either side are crowned with squared onion domes of local inspiration. Encouraged by the Habsburgs in their efforts to convert the largely Protestant Hungarian population, the Jesuits launch another program of artistic patronage in the 1740s, when they commission ceiling frescoes and altarpieces by Paul Troger (1698–1762), the most celebrated painter in Vienna at that time.

• 1640 Frederick William becomes elector of Brandenburg in northern Germany. Under his leadership, Prussian armies repeatedly triumph, leaving him in a position to challenge the authority of the Habsburg emperors to whom he is nominally subject. In keeping with his growing ambitions, he invites engineers and architects from Holland to enlarge the city of Berlin by draining marshes, extending parks, and constructing new planned neighborhoods. His rule raises Prussia to new prominence in European affairs, and he is remembered as the "Great Elector." When he dies in 1688, his heir sees the chance to build on his foundations and, in 1701, is crowned King Frederick of Prussia.

• 1648 György Rákóczi II becomes prince of Transylvania, a region whose boundaries embrace parts of modern-day Hungary and Romania. Long subject to Ottoman rule, Transylvania is still nominally part of the Ottoman empire, but under the energetic leadership of the Rákóczi princes in the first half of the seventeenth century, it enjoys considerable independence.

• 1667 For his court in Vienna, the Habsburg emperor Leopold I (r. 1658–1705) spends lavishly on an equestrian ballet meant to demonstrate the splendor of his rule. The spectacle involves fleets of ships afloat on artificial lakes, parades of horses and carriages, some seeming to fly through the air, and thousands of fireworks sent up around models of Mount Etna and Mount Parnassus.

1669 The Hanseatic League meets for the last time

• 1683 Ottoman armies sweep westward through Hungary and lay siege to Vienna. An army led by the Polish king John III Sobieski (r. 1674–96) and commanded also by the twenty-year-old Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736) at last relieves the city, and the Ottomans are driven back to their former borders. The memory of the Ottoman campaign, however, leaves a profound impression on the arts in the Habsburg lands. Vienna becomes the chief residence of the emperors, an imperial capital in every sense. The city center must accommodate the enormous number of personnel employed at court, which by 1730 comprises a quarter of Vienna's population.

• 1689 Stanislaus Studzinski completes the organ in the abbey church of Lezajask in eastern Poland. Situated in a region through which hostile armies repeatedly march, the monastery is surrounded by imposing fortifications, but inside is sumptuously adorned. The cases for the organ pipes, lavishly embellished with gilt wooden sculptures of classical and biblical personages, complement the ornately carved choir and altar furnishings. The interplay of differently treated wooden surfaces creates a visual effect reminiscent of contrapuntal music, the sort played on the organ here and elsewhere in the Baroque period. Two of the most celebrated Baroque composers, Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Frideric Handel, are born in Germany in 1685.

• 1690 The Habsburg court sculptor Matthias Steinl (ca. 1644–1727) carves an equestrian statue of Leopold II (today in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). Although Leopold (r. 1790–92) fled from Vienna during the Ottoman siege, in the statue he is shown on a rearing horse below whose hoofs a Turkish adversary cringes in defeat. A fine example of the Austrian Baroque, the statue displays a feeling of heroic drama typical of Italian work as well as ornamental details derived from late Gothic sculpture, such as the fine curls of the horse's tail and the elaborate patterns of Leopold's saddle cloth.

100th post...I feel so proud of myself

 

[Olorin0222]

History of Spain Timeline: From http://www.noquartergiven.net/timeline.htm (edited)
This site is also a pirate history site, may be useful for info that way if need be.

Spoiler :

1492 - The Inquisition expels Spanish Jews and the Moors, Spain’s intellectual leaders

1509 - Spanish found Darien (Panama)

1509 - Spain invades North Africa in crusade against Muslims

1512 - Black slaves 1st imported to Hispaniola

1513 - Florida discovered by Ponce de Leon

1516 - Ferdinand II dies

1520 - Chocolate first brought to Spain from Mexico

1523 - Turkeys brought to Spain from America

1527 - Conquest of New Spain (Mexico)

1527 - Phillip II ascends the throne. He collected a fifth of all the wealth generated from the mines and trade in the Americas. He invested heavily into his military and lost it all with the defeat of the Armada in 1588. His debt at his death amounted to 85 million ducats, or 300 tons of gold.

1554 - Phillip II marries Queen Mary of England

1557 - Influx of New World silver causes bankruptcies

1559 - First cultivation of tobacco starts in Spain

1561 - Phillip II of Spain forbids further attempts to settle Florida - the French are quick to move in

1564 - Spain occupies Philippines, found Manila

1587 - Sir Francis Drake attacks Cadiz and sets fire to the Spanish fleet

1588 - Spanish Armada sails for England, and is defeated

1598 - Phillip II dies, Phillip III is king (a weak king)

1599 - Copper coins first introduced

1599-1660 - Life of Diego Velazquez, the premier realistic painter of Spain's History.

1605 - "Don Quixote", by Cervantes, is first published

1609-10 - The Spanish Inquisition expels the Moors, Spain's most learned & faithful subjects, thus weakening Spain

1621 - War resumes between Holland & Spain after a 12 year truce

1621 - Phillip III dies, succeeded by Phillip IV

1625 - Anglo-Dutch alliance against Spain

1635 - France declares war on Spain

1655 - English capture Jamaica from Spanish

1656 - Spain declares war on England, Robert Blake captured Spanish treasure ships off Cadiz

1657 - France & England sign Treaty of Paris declaring war on Spain

1659 - Peace of Pyrenees - ends war between France & England against Spain

1660 - Spanish surrender to English in Jamaica


1665 - Phillip IV of Spain dies, Charles II is crowned

Late 1600’s - decline of Spanish monarchy, leading to the War of Spanish Succession in 1701

And here is a good site for Spanish Culture during this period: http://www.sispain.org/english/language/golden.html

 

[Olorin0222]

Timeline for Portugal: From http://timelines.ws/countries/PORTUGAL.HTML (edited)

Spoiler :

1500 Mar 9, Pedro Cabral (1460-1520), Portuguese navigator, departed to India. He left Lisbon with 13 ships headed for India and was blown off course.

1500 Apr 22, Pedro Alvares Cabral (c1460-c1526), Portuguese explorer, discovered Brazil and claimed it for Portugal. He anchored for 10 days in a bay he called "Porto Seguro" and continued on to India. [see Jan 1, Apr 23]

1500 Apr 23, Pedro Cabal claimed Brazil for Portugal.

1500 May 29, Bartholomeu Diaz de Narvaez (Novaez), Portuguese sea explorer, drowned.

1500 Aug 10, Diego Diaz discovered Madagascar.

1500 The Portuguese arrived in East Africa with little resistance.

1501 The Mosteiro dos Jeronimos was funded by King Manuel I. The architectural style known as "Manueline" was invented in his honor.

1502 Jan 1, Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral and Amerigo Vespucci sailed the into the harbor of Rio de Janeiro. Portuguese explorers sailed into Guanabra Bay and mistook it for the mouth of a river which they named Rio de Janeiro.

1502 Jun 6, Joao III, King of Portugal (1521-57), was born.

1502 Portuguese traders took peanuts from Brazil and Peru to Africa.

1505 Jul 24, On their way to India, a group of Portuguese explorers sacked the city-state of Kilwa, East Africa, and killed the king for failing to pay tribute.

1505 Magellan began to serve Portugal when he enlisted in the fleet of Francisco de Almeida. He continued in Portuguese service on many expeditions, being wounded in a campaign against the Moroccan stronghold of Azamor in 1513. The wound caused him to limp for the rest of his life. Magellan petitioned King Manuel of Portugal for an increase in his pension as a titular rise in rank, but the king refused and sent him back to Morocco. Upon his second petition in 1516, Magellan was told he might offer his services elsewhere.

1506 Riots in Lisbon, Portugal, led to the slaughter of 2,000-4,000 converted Jews. This became the setting for a 1998 novel by Richard Zimler, "The Last Kabbalist of Lisbon."

1509 The tile-bedecked church, Igreja de Madre de Deus, was built.

1511 Malacca, the center of East Indian spice trade, was captured by the Portuguese.

1511 Portuguese traders reached the Banda Islands, including Run, and broke the Venetian monopoly over nutmeg. Over the next century the Dutch muscled in an almost cornered the nutmeg market. The history of the nutmeg trade was documented in 1999 by Giles Milton in his: "Nathaniel's Nutmeg."

1512 Portuguese explorers discovered the Celebes and found nutmeg trees in the Malacca’s. This began an 84-year monopoly of the nutmeg and mace trades.

1512 The Portuguese took over control of East Timor.

1515 Afonso d’Albuquerque, Viceroy of the Portuguese Indies, captured Hormuz (Ormuz) and forced all other traders to round the Cape of Good Hope. This established Portugal’s supremacy in trade with the Far East. Hormuz is the strait between Iran and Trucial Oman.

1515-1520 The Belem Tower was built in Lisbon and served as a beacon to sailors. It originally stood well in the water but now the Tagus laps only its base.

1518 Gil Vicente, founder of Portuguese drama, wrote "The Ship of Purgatory."

1518 Portugal and the Kingdom of Kotte, Ceylon, signed a peace treaty.

1519 Sep 20, Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain with 270 men and 5 ships on a voyage to find a western passage to the Spice Islands in Indonesia. (Magellan was killed en route, but one of his ships eventually circumnavigated the world.)

1520 Nov 28, Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reached the Pacific Ocean after passing through the South American strait, the straits of Magellan and entered the "Sea of the South."

1521 Apr 26, Magellan was killed in a fight with natives on Mactan Island. Magellan named the Mariana Islands Islas de los Ladrones (Islands of Thieves), and was killed by natives on Cebu. Juan Sebastian Elcano, Magellan’s second in command, returned to Spain with 18 men and one ship, the Vittorio, laden with spices. His coat of arms was augmented in reward with the inscription Primus circumdisti me: "You were the first to encircle me." Some 50,000 Chamorro people populated the islands. [see Apr 27]

1522 The Portuguese crown began administering Sao Tome.

1523 Portuguese settlers were expelled from China.

1524 Dec 24, Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama (~55), who had discovered a sea route around Africa to India, died in Cochin, India. He had served as Viceroy in India. Gama served under the patronage of Dom Manoel and at one time burned alive 380 men, women and children.

1524 Aden became a tributary of Portugal.

1524-1580 Luis Camoes, Portuguese poet. He fought in colonial battles in Morocco and India and lost one eye. He was arrested in a street brawl in Lisbon and left for India. He traveled to Macao and Mozambique after which he published "Os Lusiadas" (The Lusiads, 1572), a poem that glorified Vasco da Gama and the history of Portugal.

1525 Aug 21, Estavao Gomes returned to Portugal after failing to find a clear waterway to Asia.

1527 May 21, Philip II (d.1598), king of Spain and Portugal (1556-98), was born. He invaded England and roasted heretics. He collected a fifth of all the wealth generated from the mines and trade in the Americas. He invested heavily into his military and lost it all with the defeat of the Armada in 1588. His debt at his death amounted to 85 million ducats, or 300 tons of gold.

1529 Apr 22, Spain and Portugal divided the eastern hemisphere in Treaty of Saragosa.

1536 May 23, Pope Paul III installed the Portuguese Inquisition.

1536 Jul 14, France and Portugal signed the naval treaty of Lyons aligning themselves against Spain.

1540 Coimbra Univ. was founded in a royal palace.

c1541 Portugal colonized East Timor.

1543 Feb 11, Battle at Wayna Daga: Ethiopian and Portuguese troops beat Moslem army. Ahmed Gran, sultan of Adal, died in the battle.

1549 Saint Francis Xavier, a Portuguese missionary, arrived in Japan. The Portuguese were the most successful Europeans in initiating major trade agreements with the Japanese

1556 Apr 13, Portuguese Marranos who reverted back to Judaism were burned alive by order of Pope.

1557 The Portuguese settled in Macao, on the coast of southern China, and established trading factories.

1573 The Portuguese crown began administering Principe.

1574 The Portuguese began to settle in Angola.

1578 Apr 14, Philip III, king of Spain and Portugal (1598-1621), was born.

1578 Aug 4, A crusade against the Moors of Morocco was routed at the Battle of Alcazar-el-Kebir. King Sebastian of Portugal and 8,000 of his soldiers were killed. Sebastian was killed along with the King of Fez and the Moorish Pretender in the Battle of Alcazar. He was succeeded by Cardinal Henry.

1579 Portuguese explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovered San Diego Bay. His mate, Bartolome Ferrelo, continued exploring north.

1579 Portuguese merchants set up trading stations in Bengal.

1580 Jun 27, Duke of Alba's army occupied Portugal.

1580 Aug 25, Spain defeated Portugal in the Battle of Alcantara.

1580 The Duke of Alba invaded Portugal and put it under Spain’s rule. Spain’s Philip II was proclaimed King Philip I of Portugal and united the colonial empires of Spain and Portugal.

1581 The Portuguese Cortes (national assembly) submitted to Philip II of Spain.

1582 Oct 15, The Gregorian (or New World) calendar was adopted in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal; and the preceding ten days were lost to history. This day followed Oct 4 to bring the calendar into sync. by order of the Council of Trent. Oct 5-14 were dropped.

1584 Portugal dominated the world’s sugar trade and sold Brazilian sugar to Europe.

1590 Jul 6, English admiral Francis Drake took the Portuguese Forts at Taag, Angola.

1605 Apr 8, Philip IV king of Spain and Portugal (1621-65), was born.

1641 Jun 6, Spain lost Portugal.

1660s The British began to dominate the trade in port wine from Portugal after a political spat with the French denied them the French Bordeaux wines. Brandy was added to the Portuguese wines to fortify them for the Atlantic voyage.

1661 May 25, King Charles II married Portuguese princess Catherina the Bragança.

1661 Aug 6, Holland sold Brazil to Portugal for 8 million guilders.

1671 The St. James Anglican Church was founded in Porto to serve the spiritual needs of the British working in the port wine industry.

1678 The 1st recorded shipment of Vinho do Porto was made from Portugal to England.

1692 Taylor’s restaurant and lodge was founded in Porto.

1695 Portugal established colonial rule in the eastern half of Timor Island. The western side was incorporated into the Dutch East Indies.

1698-1701 The Portuguese built the Old Fort in Stone Town on Zanzibar to defend against the sultan of Oman.

 

[Olorin0222]

Ottoman History Timeline: from http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/chronology/chronologyindex.html (edited)

Spoiler :

1481-1512 - The peaceful reign of Bayezid II is marred by a conservative religious reaction against the Conqueror's cosmopolitan cultural outlook and strong centralization drive. From 1500 onwards, the Safavids of Iran begin to take advantage of Ottoman passivity in pushing their Shiite proselytizing efforts into Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia.

1514 - Selim I the Grim, who with janissary support, dethroned his father in 1512, relies on his cannon to defeat Sah Ismail at the battle of Caldiran, conquers Tabriz, secures his left flank for the subsequent advance into Egypt, and returns to Istanbul with enormous war booty as well as large numbers of Persian artists and craftsmen.

1516-1518 - In lightning campaigns marked by the continued superiority of Ottoman field artillery, Selim I completes the conquest of Eastern Anatolia, Northern Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and the Hicaz.

1521 - The capture of Belgrade marks the second year of the long reign of Suleyman I the Magnificent (1520-1566). He resumes the westward drive towards the rich markets and trade crossroads of Central Europe.

1522 - The capture of Rhodes, a manifestation of rising Ottoman naval power.

1526 - Ottoman firepower destroys the flower of the Hungarian nobility at the battle of Mohacs; the conquest of Buda and Peşte follows. That same year, François I appeals to Suleyman, who agrees to provide military and economic assistance to France against the Hapsburgs in order to help restore the balance of power in Europe.

1528 - Szapolyai, king of Hungary, accepts Ottoman overlordship.

1529 - The first siege of Vienna by the Ottomans, who are, however, unprepared for a long and all-out effort.

1533 - The great Eastern expedition led by the Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasa.

1533-1534 - Hayrettin Pasha (Barbarossa), the Ottoman Grand Admiral, annexes Algeria and Tunisia.

1534-1535 - Suleyman the Magnificent's expedition into Iran and Iraq.

1538 - The naval battle of Preveza off the Adriatic coast. Barbarossa defeats a much larger allied fleet commanded by the great Genoese admiral Andrea Doria.

1555 - The first coffeehouse opens at Tahtakale in Istanbul.

1566 - Suleyman the Magnificient dies on his last expedition to the fort of Szigetvar on the Hungarian border, leaving Istanbul as Europe's biggest city (1/2 million inhabitants). Selim II ascends the throne, who is unprepared for the throne, being the third son. His elder brothers had rebelled against their father, leading to their executions.

1566 – The allures of the Harem begin to keep some sultans from their duty, leaving the administration of the government to the Grand Viziers.

1569 - The great fire of Istanbul.

1571 - At Lepanto (off the Morean coast), the last great naval battle between galleys takes place. The Allied fleet led by Don Juan of Austria defeats and destroys most of the Ottoman fleet expect one squadron commanded by Kilic Ali Pasa. This, however, cannot prevent the capture of Venetian-held Cyprus.

1588 - The death of Mimar Sinan, the master architect of the 16th century.

1596 - Mehmed III sets out on his Egri expedition. At Haçova/Mezsökeresztes, the sipahis break and run on the first two days of the battle, which is regained with great difficulty on the third day; nevertheless, it is clear that the Ottoman military system is in crisis, and that the preeminence of the provincial cavalry is over.

1606 - Treaty with Austria gives Hapsburg Emperor titular equality.

1607 - The high tide of the Celali uprisings, rebellions against the land tenure system of the provincial fief-holding cavalry. This turn-of-the-century upheaval marks the end of the Classical Age and the opening pf a new chapter in Ottoman history characterized by the waning of the state's political and military fortunes.

1609 - Work begins on the Blue Mosque.

1616 – Blue Mosque completed. The Blue Mosque is “without doubt the most beautiful masque of Istanbul.” http://www.theottomans.org/english/art_culture/istanbul_6.asp

1622 - Osman II the Young, the first Ottoman sultan to formulate a reform program (and to lose his head for it), sets out on his Hotin expedition - essentially to overcome the developing crisis of confidence and to re-establish charismatic leadership over the army.

1623-1640 - Murad IV restores order.

1638 - Murad IV, who succeeded by imposing his unusually harsh will to halt progressive anarchy and destabilization, sets out on his great expedition to the East. His journey culminates in the capture of Baghdad. He is the last great centralizing sultan.

1645-1669 - Siege of Venetian Candia, capital of Crete.

1648 - The great earthquake of Istanbul.

1661 - Another great fire in Istanbul.

Late 1600’s – Devsirme system is abolished. Under the devsirme system, Christian families would have to give up one-in-five of their sons to the sultan to become Janissaries.

1678 - For the first time in decades, a sultan, Mehmed V the Huntsman, personelly leads an Austrian expedition as far as Belgrade.

1683 - The second siege of Vienna, led by the ambitious Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasa. He overestimates his strength and commits the inwardly fragile Empire to an impossible project of conquest. With defeat, everything begins to crumble.

1686 - The Ottomans are forced to evacuate Hungary.

1693 - Istanbul is ravaged by yet another great fire.

1699 - Peace of Karlowitz : loss of Pelopponese, Hungary, Podolia, Azov to Christian enemies.

 

[Aeon221]

I spent the last four hours studying Euro history with a friend of mine/teaching it to her haha.

Unfortunately it was all about the 19th century, so its a bit out of period.

MEANWHILE, back at the lair

YOU went NUTS! This is probably enough to get working on a prelim tech tree (if I pass tomorrows test, all I have is a paper from hell ;p) tomorrow.

THANKS A TON!

 

[Aeon221]

MUnit two is out: Knight and Pike!

MUnit one is now my avatar (Musket and Pike)

 

[Three_Crowns]

Arrghh! So many threads! and yet, we have lost the greatest of them all...

Will you make specific resources for all (or many) civs? Then I would humbly suggest making a resource that enables the Danes to build FP only in Stockholm - and call it the "Stockholm Bloodbath" - reduces corruption, but increases unhappiness (I really think, I could enjoy playing this scenario ).

 

[Barak]

Aeon, I can't wait for this scenario/mod. Too bad that Rhye's thread has to close. I feel we can talk about it for ages.

 

[Aeon221]

I have already reached the limit for resources. However, I hardly need a special one for buildings not intended to force violence since I am doing a personalized tech tree for each civ.

But this Stockholm bloodbath... not so much ;p

I am getting to work on the Spanish tree tonight, and maybe a few others.

Its really quite depressing to try and compress the amazing majesty of a nation, the rich and glorious history, into five short blurbs.

How can I decide whether Don Quixote is more important than the Expulsion of the Moors? Or the Cortes? Or the annexation of Portugal? If there were worlds enough, and time... ;p

Well, the goal was to create this to teach a little history... so I guess I will be content with what little will fit this game.

Tech costs will have to be high so that they last you through the whole game. I am thinking 5 or 6 major events per civ, and 5 or 6 major events per group (Euro, Asian, MidEastern... not gonna include ones for the Cent and Sout Ameris, because they are designed to die...) to tie them to.

The only reason for that is that there is no point in making things like the Council of Trent and the Reformation 20sometimes.

 

[Aeon221]

Haha I love how you kids are all coming over here now that that thread is down!

Its like you got kicked out of one friend's house, so you come over to the next house haha

 

[bombshoo]

One little thing on your map...Ulan Bator was named Urda at this time..Ulan Bator means "Red Hero"..its a communist thing

 

[Aeon221]

Shoot... thanks!

All the maps I have say that (grumble grumble dang commies ;p)

 

[Aeon221]

Just a brief update: I have finally finished all five of the Euro MF MUnit formations... so we are on track. Not sure how pretty they look in game, but it cant be that bad... and if it is, well, I can burn that hamlet when I get to it ;p

 

[Olorin0222]

Chinese History Timeline: from http://www.famouschinese.com/virtual/Timeline_of_Chinese_history, http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum210/tml/ChinaTML/chinatml3.htm#MING DYNASTY and various Wikipedia articles.

Spoiler :

1516 – First Portuguese Settlement in Macao.

1556 - Earthquake in Shaanxi and Gansu. 850,000 casualties.

1582 - Jesuits begin mission work in China

1592 - Hsi-yu Chi (Journey to the West, or Monkey), by several authors the most important of whom is Wu ch’eng-en (1500?-1582), a scholar-official. It is a fantastic novel derived from folk tradition featuring a variety of gods and demons, Buddhist saints and arhats headed by Sakyamuni (Buddha)

1600's - China increasingly chooses isolation, resolutely uninterested in keeping up with Western developments, and rebuffing Western enthusiasm for Chinese porcelain (which the West calls "china") and other trade goods. Growing population puts pressure on the lack of open, cultivatable acreage; and Manchu rulers can't control China's dynamic urban commercial classes interested in lucrative overseas markets.

1616 - Nurhaci founds the Qing Dynasty in Manchuria

1617 - Chin P’ing Mei (Gold Vase Plum, or The Adventurous History of Hsi-men and His Six Wives), anonymous, the first realistic, social novel of family and society, depicting the dark aspects of decadent Chinese society riddled with filth, corruption, iniquity, and rascality, with heavy leavening of sex.

1619 - Battle of Sarhu. Nurhaci overcomes incredible odds to defeat a Ming army and preserve his forming coalition

1627 - First Manchu Expedition to Korea. Angry at Korean support of the Ming, the Manchu under Hong Taiji raid and burn Korea, forcing concessions that are later broken.

1637 - Second Manchu Expedition to Korea. Hong Taiji responds to renewed Korean support of the Ming by invading Korea again. His army of Manchu and Mongolians force the Korean King Injo to surrender, making Korea a dependency of the Manchu. Korea is again devastated by Mongolian horseman on the raid

1644 - Beijing sacked by rebel forces, leading to the suicide of the last Ming Emperor. Ming armies join the Manchu to defeat the rebels, easing the entry of the Qing Dynasty.

1680 – First Portuguese Governor of Macao

 

[Aeon221]

Most of the other timelines are fine, but I am really looking for some more culturally based stuff. Since the war stuff is all subjective, its really not very important tech-wise ;p