Is there some reason you aren't just looking at Amenities from Luxuries rather than the total number of amenities/required?
Because I'm not playing the game and the only way this information is presented to us as viewers is via the city-bar whenever the people in these videos clicks on them. That's how, for example, I was able to draw the correlation that cities suffer -1 amenity at populations 3, 5, 7, 9, and possibly onward. Because that drop in amenity value happens in virtually every city across a number of videos - even in cases where luxuries are present. So at pop 2 with 1 luxury, a city may have +1 amenity, when we check back a few turns later at pop 3, with no luxury changes or any changes to governments or policies, the amenities are now 0.
What I'm trying to do now is deduce how amenities are spread across the empire because where the above system holds true, there eventually becomes inconsistencies where, say, in an empire that has two luxury resources, there exists a pop 5 city that is sitting at -1 amenities instead of 0. Implying that something is causing that unhappiness.
I'm comparing about 10 different videos and there's no consistent thread that accounts for skewed amenity totals apart from the concept that somehow when an empire displays that it has access to two unique luxuries, not all cities are benefitting from those two luxuries.
So I'm trying to figure out why that could be. Localized luxuries and distance are obvious first guesses but those were practically the first two things that I ruled out.
The current leading ideas are either:
Luxuries affect a certain number of cities. So if you have 1 dye in an empire of two cities they both have +1 amenities from luxuries; if you add a 3rd city, then it has no amenities from luxuries until you add another copy of dye.
The number of cities in the empire skews how luxuries affect it globally. Again, the first two cities in your empire may both recieve 1 amenities from the 1 dye that you have. If you build a 3rd city, then it has no amenities because it's amenity bonus is [the total luxuries you have, minus 1]. In this example, you need to add another unique luxury. Doubles don't add up.
Those two examples are just made up for the sake of displaying the idea behind both theories quickly, the numbers of how many cities a luxury might affect are not necessarily a reflection of my findings.
Basically, one idea favors a bit of a hoarding approach, where you'll need to find both variety of luxuries as well as keep up with the quantity. The other favors a "catch em all" approach where you just need a variety of unique resources, This is similar to past games.
Personally, I think it's closer to second idea. I'm not fully convinced that multiple copies of luxuries add anything to your empire, but there's certainly some evidence for it.