LIES, lol
! Nah, lot's of good stuff i there. I agree with building research/wealth, unless the comparison is vs Representation scientist. Besides, if you got the Mids early then you will most likely not be running Monarchy so you are going to need some happiness, and if you are unable to get decent land or trade for it, the culture slider with some cheap buildings are your friend. Besides, the earlier you get GT set up the quicker you can create your army. I see no problems with a permanent 20% culture slider - as long as you have REPRESENTATION.
I don't disagree fundamentally, I just felt the need to point out that even for a 0 cottage game, shifts on the slider have a cost (and when trade routes start getting to be 8+ commerce each, pretty material).
So raising culture slider then becomes another simple cost/benefit idea: do you get more from the higher cap than you do from the higher science slider? If you have pyramids/rep and some good tiles, that is quite possibly the case. However, the higher that culture slider goes, the less likely that the next 10% is as useful as the last.
I also feel it pretty important to point out the impact of resource trades, ESPECIALLY at high levels. Immortal and especially deity the AIs are going to have even the calendar
resources in the BCs very very often. If you have representation, went drama, you have at least 1 from buildings. You might also have 1 from religion, and usually 3 from civic in the cities that need it most. If you got a forge, each mining resource is +2 (you can usually get or trade for one of them, sometimes 2-3). Similarly with markets and fur/ivory/silk/whale for another +2 each (though unlikely for whales, the others are often doable). If you're getting something like +8 from resources and 3 from civics, your
cap is around 16. If you have a lot of cities that can still run more specialists after that (given they eat food and running more than what you can get @ pop 16 early game is quite rare), great, mail the game in as a win. Otherwise, the culture would be better spent elsewhere.
On anything but deity, +6 to +9 from resources alone is pretty common (on deity you need enough of your own resources to trade so it MIGHT be harder, maybe), so this isn't out of the question. Resource trades are obviously preferable to the slider or even HR garrison warriors if you have the resources. In some of my war crazy games I've been able to keep
high enough with these alone...no mids, no HR, pop 12+ cities off mass resources, religion(s), and buildings.