Probably the most thorough writeup I've seen on FfH to date. Solid work. I was aiming to be the first to respond, but it looks like I've been beat to it. In any case, here's the obligatory big post responding to your ideas/conclusions before we get down to the small points
This might not be universal. My optimum starting strategy is quite insular. I build warriors (after an initial worker) until I have three (sometimes four or more for raging barbs), as my city grows, then build a settler and send the warriors along with it. Starting with a warrior or two can get the second city up a few turns sooner, which can be quite valuable. Then again, goody huts can be powerful. It's a minor point.
Certainly. My comments are based on the observation that by turn 24, Ljosalfar had explored all of a rather large continent. They explored as well or better than the Clan with their Barbarian trait. That's when I see an issue. Ljo does not have a Fin leader, but they earn money like one. Ljo does not have an Industrious leader (do they?

) but their workers end up shaving turns from projects too. Ljo is not a Barbarian civ, but their Scout pair explores like one. My primary thought is not so much Ljo getting extra Goodie Huts, which can be bad enough if only in a splashy way, but pure simple knowledge. It's a different game when you don't know much of what's more than 6 tiles from your border.
A good point when considering the way things are now, but keep in mind that if we make elven cottages give less

, then this will no longer be an issue.
Here's where a difference lies between we two. You still have hopes that Elven Cottages in Forests can be somehow made to work. My opinion is, a lot of the Design Team's effort will go into trying to make this abberation fit with the rest of the game, and in the end they will have to throw up their hands and chuck it in after all.
I hope your camp is right. I'm just reporting my gut instinct, is all.
We might be in disagreement here. First and foremost, workers ask for orders when an enemy is in an adjacent tile. They don't when there's an enemy within movement range, but outside any adjacent tile. FfH recon units are capable of attacking, and that means capturing, too. Further, even if they can't pillage, they can still make a city unable to work the tile they're on. I like the goblins of FfH. They fill the role of early, mass-produced, cannon fodder enemies, who are just there to make sure you have a strong enough defense and to just generally be an annoyance. Taking them out would not be a wise move.
It sounds here like you are agreeing with me, then switching gears at teh end.

Well, anyway, this is how it goes in my experience:
When Barbs can move only 1 tile, you can send your workers out to work alone. Maybe not 100% of the time, but a lot. If a Barb comes along, you can calculate exactly how many turns you have before the Worker has to move. And if you forget, hey, the Worker will alert you itself when the Barb is one tile away. With 2-move Barbs, it's less simple. You can't just send a Warrior out to protect the Worker when the threat arrives. You end up in many if not most cases of needing one extra combat unit per worker unit, just to shadow it everywhere and make sure no damn Barbarian Scout zaps your Worker from out of the Fog of War. This simple change has some interesting potential I feel.
Heh, if we're going to use this kind of logic, we're also going to have to forbid Infernal republics and Dwarven liberals. I'm of the opinion (previously more or less unvoiced) that the Civics in general are pretty scrambled up from where they should be. Put God King on religious law and Organized Religion on mysticism and I'll be happy.
The logic was not included to provide rationale so much as it was intended to address the concerns of role-players.
It could be argued that elven cottages represent something different from the urban areas of other Civs, but I'm not going to go there. If we adjucate elven cottages properly, it might be possible to keep them in some form, but at the very least they should subtract the extra hammer from forests. Farms and such can probably stay the same, as Aristocracy does give -1

. 1

/1

/3

isn't too bad.
I'm not going there either. For my money the Kuioates concept strikes me as the "Elvish" civ. They have a very few, very develped civs. But it's too late to go there, either.
I think I made a mistake, and I think you did too, so let's kill 'em both.
For Grass/Forest/River tiles, under Arisotcracy, a Elven Farm should give 1 Food (Farm) -1 Food (Civic) for 2 food, 1 hammer, and +2 Commerce (civic) for 2 Commerce not the 3 I said. The forest there precludes the +1 River Commerce. Now, this is not a bad tile at all ... 5 resources is certainly above average. And then when the Ancient come it, it eventually goes to a 6 resource tile. This is not bad at all.
Perhaps, to steep the ideea in more
flava, we should call Elven Farms something else? Elven Gatherers?

?
How about ancient forests give +1

to most Civs, but +1

to elves? Should balance it fairly well. Not sure about them not growing in tiles with improvements in them, though.
Another perfect fine idea. I, too, am not sure about the not-growing-in-improved-tiles too. It smacks of
flava, but might have to take that backseat.
They really don't come much eariler than they did in vanilla Civ. As long as all Civs get them at the same time, I don't see too much of a problem with them.
Good mental discipline. You wrote this comment with the opening game firmly in your mind. My concern here really is as they say, beyond the scope of this study. My thought here really is that early Cottages causes much of the end-game doledrums. I theorize if Cottages were pushed back, overall R&D would go far slower in the opening game. This would in turn, with luck, mean more civs enter the mid-game phase more on par with one anothe than the do now. We are aiming for an endgame where the realms are different. Slowing Tech development by delaying Cottages seems to move towards that greater goal. And after all, shuoldn't the "best" improvement type come into play some time
after the lesser improvement types?
I had a sudden image of myself playing Tetris on my computer at three in the morning when, suddenly, the door to my room explodes and a furious orc brandishing an axe barges in. He then splits the CPU in two, then promply goes away. Just thought I'd mention that.
You needed sleep when you posted, too.
Very careful study. You've managed to put these truths into an incredibly persuasive and explanatory format. Go ahead and assume I more or less agree with everything you wrote that I didn't mention here. Good work!