1. 'American Reclamation corporation' - (Corp)
Representative of: North America
Theme: Expansion & Commerce
Special UA: Faster improvement and terraforming building, lower manteinance colonies (and hence, healthier economy and faster expansion)
A lot of old "frontier spirit" mixed with the always on fashion cutthroath capitalism, I expect the American Reclamation Coporation be be mainly about trade and expansion, with their military being a means to a commercial end
2. 'Franco-Iberia' (nation)
Representative of: Southern Europe
Theme: Cultural, tall
Special UA: Faster way to acquire affinity and influence / culture equivalence, probably boosts to buildings and wonders
They have been painted as the good guys of the game, so I expect a lot of "tending your own garden" type of gameplay: culture and tall-building
3. Brazilia (nation)
Representative of: South America
Theme: Military
Special UA: Special military operations, lower military manteinance costs
They seem like a dystopian futuristic dictatorship in the vein of the "Brazil" movie. I expect a heavy militaristic and bureaucratic type of civ
4. 'Pan Asian Coalition' (nation?)
Representative of: Far East nations under China's political sphere (Mongolia, China, Taiwan, N.Korea, etc)
Theme: Industry and defense
Special UA: Production bonuses gallore
I imagine rather bismarkian type of civ, industrious, proud, and eager to use the force if challenged
===> Speculative factions
5. Malaccan Commonwealth
Representative of: Indian subcontinent, S-E Asia (India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand...)
Theme: Trade, culture
Special UA: Higher reach of trade routes, bonus towards culture
A good way to wrap up India + the "not China Asiatic civs" (yes I know that this is a huge oversimplification, but that's BE's factions for you). It might even being semi-feasable, a coalition of trading partners born out of a reaction against a more powerful and antagonistic China. They would be interested into preserving their own way of life by foistering their traditions of business and their unique culture
6. Russian Space Colonization Initiative
Representative of: Mother Russia, the one and only
Theme: Expansion, science, wide-oriented
UA: Fast colony building and archeological digging, reduced costs of exploration technologies
America's natural rival, I imagine an expansion-centered civ (and thus, competing on a race of land-grabbing) but with another flavour, more focused into science and xeno-archeology than their business-friendly American counterparts
7. The great Hegire of the Star Caliphate
Representative of: Maghreb, Middle-East
Theme: Expansion, food
UA: Higher food yield of improvements, starts with an additional settler unit
A religiously motivated and backed greater pilgrimage a colonization effort, I can only see the Arab nations undertaking a massive space program under the influence of religion. Therefore I foresee very high birthrates, coupled with very very wide empires, a very flexible, plastic type of faction.
8. Neo-Hanseatic liegue
Representative of: Northern Europe
Theme: Science and production
UA: Science bonuses confered to production buildings or something along these lines, better production for experimental technology and units
A socialist, technocratic type of faction, they will probably gravitate about being the first to not only invent new technologies, but to materialize them inside their high tech factories too.
9. Swahili federation
Represenative of: Central and Southern Africa
Themes: Trade and military
UA: Trade routes bringing military bonuses? Military units bringing trade bonuses?
Sadly, I cannot envision an eventual unification of Africa unless it involves lots and lots of violence in the process :/ The Swahili federation would be glued together by language bonds (swahili), and hence, the commerce that it brings, and by a huge damn army too, of course