what are the 3 South American Civs down there?
From north to south, Moche, Cuzco, Tiahuanaco.
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OOC: Just realized that I forgot to mention Hadramaut (the nation in the south of Arabia).
IC:
Chapter Sixty Eight.
When in 955 AD the Eastern Caliphate fell apart, the Arabian Peninsula, the birthplace of Islam but now a quite impoverished province of it, was also broken and divided into pieces. Chieftains, warlords, even merchants formed their armies and bands and fought for supremacy, and it was all chaos in Arabia.
But by 960, an odd kind of stability came to Arabia. The Mujahaddin zealots controlled Mecca, Medina and Jiddah. Shiites secured their holy sites in the eastern Hasa region. In Yemen (ITTL "Yemen" means all of south Arabia), a local chieftain allied with the governor of Timna' to forge the coastal empire of Hadramaut. But in the Arabian desert, the "orderly days" of the Eastern Caliphate were never particularily orderly, and thus the various local Bedouin tribes took to the desert again, altogether reverting to pre-Islamic mode government-wise (oh, sure, they still were Muslims, but they were nomads and did not belong to anyone but themselves).
When in 963 the Western Caliphal forces approached Mecca and Medina and forced the surrender of the Mujahaddin, that raised quite some concern amongst the Bedouin tribes, who prepared to fend back a Caliphal attack. It, ofcourse, never came and the Bedouins, briefly united, decided to use it to pillage Hadramautean lands.
But in 964, when they attacked Hadramaut, the new sultan of Hadramaut -Yasser Habbiniyah - led his army to battle, and the Bedouins were stopped and routed at Sa'dah. The Bedouins would never dare to attack Hadramaut again, at least not at such scale and not any time soon. The triumphant Habbiniyah used his newly-gained fame to expand his control throughout Yemen and to ensure his dynasty's power. Hadramaut adopted some old traditions of the pre-Islamic kingdoms, the most important one being that of maritime trade. But it was taken to a whole new level. Not only did the Hadramautean ships travel as far as India and the Swahili city-state of Manda - no, now they also explored the ocean, reaching the distant merchant empire of Srivijaya in Sumatra and the mystirious southern city of Kilwa, and they discovered the sparsely-populated giant island of "Madagascar" (as the natives called it) or "Merinistan" (as the Hadramauteans called it). On their dhows, which improved as the time went by, the Hadramauteans brought the Great Age of Discovery to the Indian Ocean.
Some say they even sailed to China.