I wrote a suggestion for a Tupi civilization. To be honest, the Tupi are somewhere near the bottom of my list, but theyre often taken into account and are one of the few possibilities to the currently empty eastern South America. Little is known about them (albeit theyre not so obscure as some may think, and had a great impact in Brazilian culture, especially in folklore, religion, language and cuisine), but I guess they can offer some interesting and unique features.
Tupi
Leader: Cunhambebe
Music Theme: Forest of the Amazon
UA: Anthropophagic Rites. Units gain 1/5 of the cultural progress (in %) toward a new social policy as a combat bonus, and double experience for killing enemies.
Notes: If youre half way of getting a new policy, then your units have a +10% Combat. If youre just 1 turn from getting a new policy, then your units have a bonus of almost +20%. If you just got a new policy, then your units get a negligible bonus (or no bonus at all).
Trivia: Anthropophagy is a fancy name for cannibalism, but its more accurate than the later due the cultural meaning it had to the Tupi; they didnt eat their enemies (usually war captives) as a daily eating habit, but they believed that, by doing so, the strengths and knowledge of the defeated would be absorbed by them. This behavior is described by some anthropologists as a bellic-sociological cannibalism. War was an important element to the Tupi societies, often encouraged by a whole complex of cultural values.
UU: Tamoio Warrior. Replaces Swordsman. Does not require Iron to build. +5% combat from each Tamoio within 2 tiles who was trained in a different city.
Notes: Two Tamoios from the same different city doesnt count for a +20% bonus. The ability is lost if the Tamoio is upgraded.
Trivia: The Tamoios (elders or grandfathers in Tupi) were a branch of the Tupinambá people, famous for assembling several tribes in a military alliance against the Portuguese and their allies. The Tamoio Confederacy imposed severe losses to the Portuguese colonizers and settlements. Eventually it had French support, but the Tamoios were ultimately defeated by the Portuguese. Cunhambebe was one of its leaders.
UI: Aldeia. Unlocks with Trapping. Must be built on Jungle, with no additional Aldeias in the adjacent tiles. Yields: +1 Production, +1 Culture; +1 Faith for every 2 adjacent Jungle tiles.
Notes: Works like a Lumber Mill in gameplay terms, but may be built in Jungle tiles and yields a small cultural and faith bonus. The faith bonus can stack up to +3 (with 6 adjacent jungle hex), but that would be rare. By preserving the Jungle, the Aldeia could yield +1 Culture from the Sacred Path Pantheon, and +2 Science from Universities.
Also, "Aldeia" is just Portuguese for "Village". We usually call them "Aldeia Indígena", and their huts "Ocas". I'm not sure, but I believe the Tupi name for it is "Taba". The Yanomami call it "Shabono", but they aren't Tupi-Guarani speakers.
Trivia: Most of the Brazilian Indigenous people are semi-nomadic tribes, engaged in hunting, fishing, harvesting and in incipient agricultural practices. Many tribes established themselves in temporary villages to explore the nearby jungles resources, developing a rich social and cultural life, as well as many mythological elements based on the surrounding nature.
. +1 
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. Tiles with Crusader Castles on them are always part of your territory.
