Bazaar is single handedly the strongest unique ANYTHING in the game. Nothing consistently nets you so much usefulness, and it fits into practically any strategy. The others on this list can't compare in the slightest, although they are all decent; of them the worst is probably the Wat, just because some random trivial culture isn't that significant of a change.
Bazaar : 22
Floating Gardens: 9
Paper Maker: 18
Wat:11
Mud Pyramid Mosque: 5
The best thing about the wat is that you can get four of them for free.
First post on this thread just because of Hasire's observation here.
Not only do Mud Pyramid Mosque's benefit from the Legalism "four-for-free" thing, you get them a whole era earlier, they're arguably proportionally more powerful, and they're free (no upkeep). Your first four cities expand like amoebas onto those nearby hexes, and they add a huge amount of Culture at a time when Culture points are hard to get.
They're also retro-active and unblocked, ie, settle your third city, "plink", there's a Mud Pyramid Mosque giving you +5 culture and immediately even though you haven't built a Monument yet. Many, many turns before Siam even sniffs Wats. Clearly a better building.
Bazaar : 20
Floating Gardens: 10
Paper Maker: 18
Wat:9
Mud Pyramid Mosque: 6
I rarely build temples. In most of my game, they are not worth the upkeep. If I am not going for a cultural victory, I would rather invest the hammers and upkeep into unit. However, in all of my game I have built a university. If find it hard to do with the 50% increase, the frequent GS, or free tech via Oxford. Even in ICS I have found room to make a university. A free university is much better than a free temple, even if the MPM is proportionally better that the Wat.
Culture (policies) improve civilization efficiency regardless of whether you're going for a Culture victory or not. MPM's also aren't temples - they give FIVE culture, not three, and again, they don't require the Monument, so they'll pop from Legalism instantly.
And I'm on the other side of your play style - I find that universities are expensive to upkeep (remember, Mud Pyramid Mosque's have no upkeep) and that there are other more effective ways to get science, ie, scholasticism and research agreements.
I'll often build no Universities and no Barracks if I'm on a City-State path.
But the main thing is I'll have Mud Pyramid Mosque's on initial expansion, they're enabled very early, triggering off a tech (Philosophy) that you're beelining to anyway to get Research Agreements.