I have to imagine we're looking at maybe half or so of the age of exploration here. The specific tech tree shown in OP is a little confusing, but here's my breakdown, from left to right:
Machinery, Astronomy, Cartography — three techs we can associate with the Islamic Golden Age, which would place them around ~800-1000 AD.
Castles, Heraldry, Feudalism, Guilds — very High Medieval, which would date all of these to around 900-1100
To get a little out of order, Metallurgy and Metal Casting (two successive techs) are pretty baffling to me. We can date iron casting to ancient China. If we're dating these techs to the time period shown here in Civ 7, are we talking about the spread to Europe of blast furnaces (1100-1300) or iron casting (~1400)? Hard to date these.
We could date Education to European universities (1100s) and shipbuilding to Chinese treasure ship expeditions and the development of caravels (1400-1500)
Architecture is pretty ambiguous, as is its follow-up, urban planning. I would date gunpowder to its usage by the Ottomans in the 15th century.
So I'm not sure all of this adds up to the age of exploration, which I would expect to extend through most/all of the 18th century if the next era is "modern".
It's also weird to me that the tech tree narrows, to the point that tech choices are limited to two (or even one, if we look at the far right side) by the end of the era. Does this tech tree culminate in ocean-faring ships?