[Community Effort] French Translation
- Thread starter Leoreth
- Start date
1SDANi
The Fading Memory
- Joined
- Oct 27, 2014
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1SDANi
The Fading Memory
- Joined
- Oct 27, 2014
- Messages
- 3,083
Oh. Duh. I tupid.
Unified Git:
Code:
Assets/XML/Text/Civilopedia.xml | 4 +-
Assets/XML/Text/External/Show Hidden Attitudes.xml | 6 +--
Assets/XML/Text/External/Super Spies.xml | 50 +++++++++++-----------
Assets/XML/Text/Hints.xml | 8 ++--
Assets/XML/Text/Technologies.xml | 2 +-
5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)
diff --git a/Assets/XML/Text/Civilopedia.xml b/Assets/XML/Text/Civilopedia.xml
index 17c358a0..0ac35676 100644
--- a/Assets/XML/Text/Civilopedia.xml
+++ b/Assets/XML/Text/Civilopedia.xml
@@ -352,9 +352,9 @@
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_CIV_SWEDEN_PEDIA</Tag>
<English>[TAB]Little is known of Swedish history before the Viking period of the late 8th century. Two related peoples, the Svear and the Götar, then lived in south central Sweden. Almost incessantly at war with each other, they united in the 9th century under the control of Svear. The Swedish name for Sweden, Sverige, means "realm of the Svear." Swedish Vikings sailed eastward across the Baltic Sea and into the rivers of Russia. By the 9th and 10th centuries they were doing business as far east as Constantinople. According to legend, a Swedish Viking chieftain, Rurik, was the creator of the first Russian monarchy. Finland came under Swedish rule in the 12th century. In 1397 the Union of Kalmar joined the kingdoms of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway under the Danish monarchy. The Swedes opposed Danish command, which ended in 1523, when Gustavus Vasa came to the Swedish throne as King Gustav I.[PARAGRAPH:2]Under Gustav I and his successors, Sweden became a martial power. Two Swedish monarchs were famed as warrior kings. Gustav II, also known as Gustavus Adolphus, won great triumphs in the Thirty Years' War. As an effect of this war, Sweden increased land in northern Germany and became master of the Baltic region. In 1638, Sweden founded a brief colony in America called New Sweden. Continually challenged by its neighbors, Sweden fought a series of wars with Denmark, Russia, Poland, and Saxony during the early 18th century. The Swedish king Charles XII won first impressive victories. But his devastating defeat by the Russian Tsar Peter the Great in 1709 commenced Sweden's decline as a European power.[PARAGRAPH:2]The loss of Finland to Russia in 1809 led to the deposition of King Gustav IV. A new constitution was adopted and a Frenchman, Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, was chosen as the Swedish crown prince. After Napoleon's defeat in 1814, Norway was taken from Denmark and given to Sweden to substitute its loss of Finland. The union of Sweden and Norway lasted until 1905, when Norway peacefully gained its independence. Bernadotte came to the throne in 1818 as King Charles XIV John and was the founder of the present Swedish royal house.[PARAGRAPH:2]The constant years of war impoverished Sweden. A lack of financial prospects caused a large number of Swedes to emigrate from the country. Sweden was never again to go to war, adopting the policy of neutrality and nonalignment that continues today. The growth of Swedish industry in the early 20th century restored its economy. Sweden also developed its social welfare system that guaranteed the needs of existence to every Swedes. Sweden was able to uphold its neutrality in both World War I and II, establishing itself as a haven for refugees escaping the damage of both these wars. Sweden has also sought to promote peace in not only itself, but in all countries. Many of Sweden's troops served in the United Nations peacekeeping forces.</English>
- <French>[TAB]On sait peu de choses de l'histoire de la Suède avant la période viking de la fin du 8e siècle. Deux peuples liés, les Svear et les Götar, puis vécu dans le centre-sud de la Suède. Presque sans cesse en guerre les uns avec les autres, ils ont uni au 9e siècle sous le contrôle de Svear. Le suédois nom de la Suède, Sverige, et signifie «royaume des Svear." Les Vikings suédois navigué vers l'est à travers la mer Baltique et dans les fleuves de la Russie. À la 9 e et 10 e siècles, ils faisaient des affaires l'Est jusqu'à Constantinople. Selon la légende, un chef viking suédois, Rurik, est le créateur de la première monarchie russe. Finlande relèvent suédois règle dans le 12ème siècle. En 1397 l'Union de Kalmar a rejoint le royaume de Suède, le Danemark et la Norvège en vertu de la monarchie danoise. Les Suédois Danois opposés commandement, qui a pris fin en 1523, quand Gustave Vasa est arrivé à la trône comme roi suédois Gustav I.[PARAGRAPH:2]En vertu de Gustav Ier et ses successeurs, la Suède est devenue une puissance martiale. Deux monarques étaient suédois célèbre guerrier comme des rois. Gustav II, également connu sous le nom de Gustavus Adolphus, a remporté un grand triomphe dans la guerre de Trente Ans. Comme un effet de cette guerre, la Suède a augmenté terres dans le nord de l'Allemagne et devint maître de la région de la Baltique. En 1638, la Suède a fondé une colonie en Amérique brève appelé New Suède. Sans cesse contestée par ses voisins, la Suède a mené une série de guerres avec le Danemark, la Russie, la Pologne et la Saxe au début du 18ème siècle. Le roi Charles XII de Suède, a remporté le premier impressionnantes victoires. Mais sa défaite dévastatrice par le tsar russe Pierre le Grand en 1709 la Suède a commencé à décliner en tant que puissance européenne.[PARAGRAPH:2]La perte de la Finlande à la Russie en 1809 a abouti à la déposition du roi Gustav IV. Une nouvelle constitution a été adoptée et un Français, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, a été choisi comme prince héritier suédois. Après la défaite de Napoléon en 1814, la Norvège a été prise compte tenu du Danemark et de Suède, de substituer sa perte de la Finlande. L'union de la Suède et la Norvège ont duré jusqu'en 195, lorsque la Norvège a obtenu son indépendance pacifiquement. Bernadotte monta sur le trône en 1818 que le roi Charles XIV Jean et fut le fondateur de la maison royale suédoise.[PARAGRAPH:2]Les années de guerre constante appauvri Suède. Le manque de perspectives financières causé un grand nombre de Suédois à émigrer du pays. La Suède a été plus jamais à faire la guerre, adoptant la politique de neutralité et nonalignment qui continue aujourd'hui. La croissance de l'industrie suédoise au début du 20ème siècle restaurée de son économie. La Suède a également mis au point son système de protection sociale qui garantit l'existence de besoins à tous les Suédois. La Suède a été en mesure de défendre sa neutralité dans les deux guerre mondiale I et II, en train de s'affirmer comme un havre pour les réfugiés fuyant les dégâts de ces deux guerres. La Suède a également cherché à promouvoir la paix, non seulement en soi, mais dans tous les pays. Beaucoup de Suède servi dans les troupes de la force de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies.</French>
+ <French>[TAB]On sait peu de choses de l'histoire de la Suède avant la période viking de la fin du 8e siècle. Deux peuples liés, les Svear et les Götar, puis vécu dans le centre-sud de la Suède. Presque sans cesse en guerre les uns avec les autres, ils ont uni au 9e siècle sous le contrôle de Svear. Le suédois nom de la Suède, Sverige, et signifie «royaume des Svear." Les Vikings suédois navigué vers l'est à travers la mer Baltique et dans les fleuves de la Russie. À la 9 e et 10 e siècles, ils faisaient des affaires l'Est jusqu'à Constantinople. Selon la légende, un chef viking suédois, Rurik, est le créateur de la première monarchie russe. Finlande relèvent suédois règle dans le 12ème siècle. En 1397 l'Union de Kalmar a rejoint le royaume de Suède, le Danemark et la Norvège en vertu de la monarchie danoise. Les Suédois Danois opposés commandement, qui a pris fin en 1523, quand Gustave Vasa est arrivé à la trône comme roi suédois Gustav I.[PARAGRAPH:2]En vertu de Gustav Ier et ses successeurs, la Suède est devenue une puissance martiale. Deux monarques étaient suédois célèbre guerrier comme des rois. Gustav II, également connu sous le nom de Gustavus Adolphus, a remporté un grand triomphe dans la guerre de Trente Ans. Comme un effet de cette guerre, la Suède a augmenté terres dans le nord de l'Allemagne et devint maître de la région de la Baltique. En 1638, la Suède a fondé une colonie en Amérique brève appelé New Suède. Sans cesse contestée par ses voisins, la Suède a mené une série de guerres avec le Danemark, la Russie, la Pologne et la Saxe au début du 18ème siècle. Le roi Charles XII de Suède, a remporté le premier impressionnantes victoires. Mais sa défaite dévastatrice par le tsar russe Pierre le Grand en 1709 la Suède a commencé à décliner en tant que puissance européenne.[PARAGRAPH:2]La perte de la Finlande à la Russie en 1809 a abouti à la déposition du roi Gustav IV. Une nouvelle constitution a été adoptée et un Français, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, a été choisi comme prince héritier suédois. Après la défaite de Napoléon en 1814, la Norvège a été prise compte tenu du Danemark et de Suède, de substituer sa perte de la Finlande. L'union de la Suède et la Norvège ont duré jusqu'en 195, lorsque la Norvège a obtenu son indépendance pacifiquement. Bernadotte monta sur le trône en 1818 que le roi Charles XIV Jean et fut le fondateur de la maison royale suédoise.[PARAGRAPH:2]Les années de guerre constante appauvri Suède. Le manque de perspectives financières causé un grand nombre de Suédois à émigrer du pays. La Suède a été plus jamais à faire la guerre, adoptant la politique de neutralité et nonalignment qui continue aujourd'hui. La croissance de l'industrie suédoise au début du 20ème siècle restaurée de son économie. La Suède a également mis au point son système de protection sociale qui garantit l'existence de besoins à tous les Suédois. La Suède a été en mesure de défendre sa neutralité dans les deux guerre mondiale I et II, en train de s'affirmer comme un havre pour les réfugiés fuyant les dégâts de ces deux guerres. La Suède a également cherché à promouvoir la paix, non seulement en soi, mais dans tous les pays. Beaucoup de Suède servi dans les troupes de la force de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies.</French>
<German>[TAB]Wenig bekannt von der schwedischen Geschichte vor der Viking Periode des späten 8. Jahrhunderts. Zwei bezogen Völker, das Svear und das Gö Teer, dann gewohnt in zentralem Südschweden. Fast incessantly am Krieg mit einander, vereinigten sie im 9. Jahrhundert unter der Steuerung von Svear. Der schwedische Name für Schweden, Sverige und Mittel Reich des Svear. Schwedisches Vikings segelte ostwärts über die Ostsee und in die Flüsse von Rußland. Bis zum den 9. und 10. Jahrhunderten taten sie Geschäft als Ferner Osten als Konstantinopolis. Entsprechend Legende war ein schwedischer Viking Häuptling, Rurik, der Schöpfer der ersten russischen Monarchie. Finnland kam unter schwedische Richtlinie im 12. Jahrhundert. In 1397 verband der Anschluß von Kalmar die Königreiche von Schweden, von Dänemark und von Norwegen unter der dänischen Monarchie. Die Schweden setzten dänischem Befehl entgegen, der 1523 beendete, als Gustavus Vasa zum schwedischen Thron als König Gustav I. kam.[PARAGRAPH:2]Unter Gustav wurden I und seine Nachfolger, Schweden eine kriegerische Energie. Zwei schwedische Monarchen waren als Kriegerkönige berühmt. Gustav II, alias Gustavus Adolphus, gewonnene große Triumphe im dreißig Krieg der Jahre. Als Effekt dieses Krieges, erhöhte Schweden Land in Norddeutschland und wurde Meister der baltischen Region. 1638 gründete Schweden eine kurze Kolonie in Amerika angerufenem New Schweden. Fortwährend herausgefordert durch seine Nachbarn, kämpfte Schweden eine Reihe Kriege mit Dänemark, Rußland, Polen und Sachsen während des frühen 18. Jahrhunderts. Der schwedische König Charles XII gewann erste eindrucksvolle Siege. Aber seine verheerende Niederlage durch das russische Tsar Peter das große in der Abnahme 1709 begonnenen Schwedens als europäischer Energie.[PARAGRAPH:2]Der Verlust von Finnland nach Rußland in 1809 zur Absetzung des Königs Gustav IV. geführt. Eine neue Beschaffenheit wurde angenommen und ein Franzose, Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, wurde als der schwedische Kronprinz gewählt. Nach Niederlage Napoleons 1814, wurde Norwegen von Dänemark genommen und gegeben nach Schweden, um seinen Verlust von Finnland zu ersetzen. Der Anschluß von Schweden und von Norwegen dauerte bis 195, als Norwegen friedlich seine Unabhängigkeit gewann. Bernadotte kam zum Thron in 1818 als König Charles XIV John und war der Gründer des anwesenden schwedischen königlichen Hauses.[PARAGRAPH:2]Die konstanten Jahre des Krieges verarmtes Schweden. Ein Mangel an finanziellen Aussichten veranlaßte viele Schweden, aus dem Land auszuwandern. Schweden war nie wieder in den Krieg zu gehen und nahm die Neutralitätspolitik und nonalignment an, das heute fortfährt. Das Wachstum der schwedischen Industrie im frühen - Jahrhundert des Th 20 stellte seine Wirtschaft wieder her. Schweden entwickelte auch sein Sozialwohlfahrt System, das den Notwendigkeiten des Bestehens zu jedem Schweden garantierte. Schweden war in der Lage, seine Neutralität im Ersten Weltkrieg und in II zu unterstützen und stellte sich als Hafen für die Flüchtlinge her, die der Beschädigung beider dieser Kriege entgehen. Schweden hat auch gesucht, Frieden in nicht nur selbst, aber in allen Ländern zu fördern. Viele von Truppen Schwedens dienten in den Nationen Friedenssicherungkräften.</German>
- <Italian>[TAB]Piccolo è conosciuto di storia svedese prima del periodo di Viking dell'ottavo secolo tardo. Due hanno collegato la gente, lo Svear e il Gö catrame, allora vivo in Svezia centrale del sud. Quasi incessantly alla guerra con a vicenda, hanno unito nel nono secolo sotto il controllo di Svear. Il nome svedese per la Svezia, Sverige ed i mezzi regno dello Svear. Vikings svedese ha navigato verso l'est attraverso il Mar Baltico e nei fiumi della Russia. Entro i noni e decimi secoli stavano facendo il commercio come Estremo-Oriente come Constantinople. Secondo la leggenda, un capo svedese di Viking, Rurik, era il creatore del primo monarchy russo. La Finlandia è rientrato nella regola svedese nel dodicesimo secolo. In 1397 l'unione di Kalmar ha unito i regni della Svezia, della Danimarca e della Norvegia sotto il monarchy danese. Gli Svedesi hanno opposto l'ordine danese, che si è concluso in 1523, quando Gustavus Vasa è venuto al throne svedese come re Gustav I.[PARAGRAPH:2]Sotto Gustav I ed i suoi successori, Svezia si sono trasformati in in un'alimentazione martial. Due monarchi svedesi erano famed come re del guerriero. Gustav II, anche conosciuto come Gustavus Adolphus, trionfi grandi vinti nella guerra dei trenta anni. Come effetto di questa guerra, la terra aumentata la Svezia in Germania del Nord e si è trasformata in in padrone della regione baltica. In 1638, la Svezia ha fondato una breve colonia in New denominato l'America Svezia. Sfidato continuamente dai relativi vicini, la Svezia ha combattuto una serie di guerre con la Danimarca, la Russia, la Polonia e la Sassonia durante il diciottesimo secolo in anticipo. Il re svedese Charles XII ha vinto le prime vittorie impressionanti. Ma la sua sconfitta devastating dal Tsar russo Peter il grande in un declino delle 1709 Svezie cominciate come alimentazione europea.[PARAGRAPH:2]La perdita della Finlandia in Russia in 1809 ha condotto al deposito del re Gustav IV. Una nuova costituzione è stata adottata e un francese, Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, è stato scelto come il principe di parte superiore svedese. Dopo la sconfitta del Napoleon in 1814, la Norvegia è stata presa dalla Danimarca ed è stata data in Svezia per sostituire la relativa perdita della Finlandia. L'unione della Svezia e della Norvegia ha durato fino a 195, quando la Norvegia ha guadagnato pacificamente la relativa indipendenza. Bernadotte è venuto al throne in 1818 come re Charles XIV John ed era il fondatore della casa reale svedese attuale.[PARAGRAPH:2]Gli anni costanti della guerra Svezia impoverita. Una mancanza di prospetti finanziari ha indotto tantissimi Svedesi ad emigrare dal paese. La Svezia non era mai ancora di andare fare la guerra, adottando la politica di neutralità e del nonalignment che continua oggi. Lo sviluppo di industria svedese nell'inizio del 20esimo secolo ha ristabilito la relativa economia. La Svezia inoltre ha sviluppato il relativo sistema di assistenza sociale sociale che ha garantito i bisogni dell'esistenza all'ogni Svedesi. La Svezia poteva sostenere la relativa neutralità sia nelle guerre mondiali I che II, stabilendosi come porto per i rifugiati che fuoriescono danni di entrambe queste guerre. La Svezia inoltre ha cercato di promuovere la pace in non solo in se, ma in tutti i paesi. Molte delle truppe della Svezia hanno servito nelle forze di mantenimento della pace delle Nazioni Unite.</Italian>
+ <Italian>[TAB]Piccolo è conosciuto di storia svedese prima del periodo di Viking dell'ottavo secolo tardo. Due hanno collegato la gente, lo Svear e il Gö catrame, allora vivo in Svezia centrale del sud. Quasi incessantly alla guerra con a vicenda, hanno unito nel nono secolo sotto il controllo di Svear. Il nome svedese per la Svezia, Sverige ed i mezzi regno dello Svear. Vikings svedese ha navigato verso l'est attraverso il Mar Baltico e nei fiumi della Russia. Entro i noni e decimi secoli stavano facendo il commercio come Estremo-Oriente come Constantinople. Secondo la leggenda, un capo svedese di Viking, Rurik, era il creatore del primo monarchy russo. La Finlandia è rientrato nella regola svedese nel dodicesimo secolo. In 1397 l'unione di Kalmar ha unito i regni della Svezia, della Danimarca e della Norvegia sotto il monarchy danese. Gli Svedesi hanno opposto l'ordine danese, che si è concluso in 1523, quando Gustavus Vasa è venuto al throne svedese come re Gustav I.[PARAGRAPH:2]Sotto Gustav I ed i suoi successori, Svezia si sono trasformati in in un'alimentazione martial. Due monarchi svedesi erano famed come re del guerriero. Gustav II, anche conosciuto come Gustavus Adolphus, trionfi grandi vinti nella guerra dei trenta anni. Come effetto di questa guerra, la terra aumentata la Svezia in Germania del Nord e si è trasformata in in padrone della regione baltica. In 1638, la Svezia ha fondato una breve colonia in New denominato l'America Svezia. Sfidato continuamente dai relativi vicini, la Svezia ha combattuto una serie di guerre con la Danimarca, la Russia, la Polonia e la Sassonia durante il diciottesimo secolo in anticipo. Il re svedese Charles XII ha vinto le prime vittorie impressionanti. Ma la sua sconfitta devastating dal Tsar russo Peter il grande in un declino delle 1709 Svezie cominciate come alimentazione europea.[PARAGRAPH:2]La perdita della Finlandia in Russia in 1809 ha condotto al deposito del re Gustav IV. Una nuova costituzione è stata adottata e un francese, Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, è stato scelto come il principe di parte superiore svedese. Dopo la sconfitta del Napoleon in 1814, la Norvegia è stata presa dalla Danimarca ed è stata data in Svezia per sostituire la relativa perdita della Finlandia. L'unione della Svezia e della Norvegia ha durato fino a 195, quando la Norvegia ha guadagnato pacificamente la relativa indipendenza. Bernadotte è venuto al throne in 1818 come re Charles XIV John ed era il fondatore della casa reale svedese attuale.[PARAGRAPH:2]Gli anni costanti della guerra Svezia impoverita. Una mancanza di prospetti finanziari ha indotto tantissimi Svedesi ad emigrare dal paese. La Svezia non era mai ancora di andare fare la guerra, adottando la politica di neutralità e del nonalignment che continua oggi. Lo sviluppo di industria svedese nell'inizio del 20esimo secolo ha ristabilito la relativa economia. La Svezia inoltre ha sviluppato il relativo sistema di assistenza sociale sociale che ha garantito i bisogni dell'esistenza all'ogni Svedesi. La Svezia poteva sostenere la relativa neutralità sia nelle guerre mondiali I che II, stabilendosi come porto per i rifugiati che fuoriescono danni di entrambe queste guerre. La Svezia inoltre ha cercato di promuovere la pace in non solo in se, ma in tutti i paesi. Molte delle truppe della Svezia hanno servito nelle forze di mantenimento della pace delle Nazioni Unite.</Italian>
<Spanish>[TAB]Durante el siglo XVII emergió como una potencia europea. Antes del surgimiento del Imperio sueco, era un país muy pobre, escasamente poblado, y con poca participación en asuntos internacionales. Fue repentinamente convertido en una de las naciones líderes en Europa por Axel Oxenstierna y el rey Gustavo II Adolfo de Suecia, gracias a la conquista de territorios de Rusia y Polonia-Lituania, pero también gracias a su participación en la Guerra de los Treinta Años, la cual la convirtió en el líder continental del protestantismo hasta el colapso del imperio en 1721. La guerra de Gustavo II Adolfo en contra del Sacro Imperio Romano-Germánico tuvo un alto costo para este último, donde un tercio de la población murió y casi la mitad de los Estados que lo componían fueron ocupados por los suecos. El plan de Gustavo II Adolfo era aventajarse del conflicto armado para expandir los límites de su reino. Sin embargo, Gustavo II Adolfo murió después en la Batalla de Lützen de 1632, dejando el trono a la menor Cristina de Suecia.26 Después de la Batalla de Nördlingen Suecia se retiró de la guerra y perdió su poderío en la zona sur de la actual Alemania, y las provincias conquistadas se separaron del dominio sueco una a una, dejándola con sólo un par de territorios en el norte: Pomerania Sueca, Bremen-Verden y Wismar. A mediados del siglo XVII, era el tercer país más extenso en Europa, sólo superado por Rusia y España. En 1658, alcanzó su máxima extensión bajo el reinado de Carlos X de Suecia (1622-1660), poco después de la firma del Tratado de Roskilde.28 A mediados del siglo XVI, el rey Gustavo I convirtió al país al protestantismo y realizó una serie de reformas económicas.29 Durante el siglo XVII, el país se vio envuelto en varias guerras, como la que sostuvo contra Polonia-Lituania, en la que ambos compitieron por los territorios de los Países Bálticos hasta la Batalla de Kircholm ocurrida en 1605, la cual es considerada una de las peores derrotas del ejército sueco. Este periodo también fue testigo de «El Diluvio», la invasión sueca de la Unión de Polonia-Lituania. Después de más de medio siglo de una guerra casi constante, la economía sueca se deterioró seriamente. Reconstruir la economía y recuperar el poder militar se convirtió en una labor que se extendió durante toda la vida del sucesor de Carlos X, Carlos XI de Suecia (1655-1697). El legado para su hijo, Carlos XII, fue uno de los mejores arsenales en el mundo, un ejército numeroso y una gran flota. En 1700, después de la Batalla de Narva (una de las primeras batallas de la Gran Guerra del Norte), el Ejército Ruso, peor equipado y entrenado y desmoralizado por la retirada de Pedro I de Rusia antes de la batalla, fue severamente diezmado, dándole a Suecia la oportunidad de invadir Rusia. Sin embargo, Carlos XII no persiguió al Ejército Ruso, sino que se dirigió a Polonia-Lituania y en 1702, derrotó al rey polaco Augusto II y a sus aliados sajones en la Batalla de Kliszów.32 Después de la exitosa invasión a Polonia, Carlos XII tenía preparado el terreno para invadir Rusia atacando su capital, Moscú, desde Ucrania. Además de su ejército contaba con la ayuda de cerca de 2.000 cosacos ucranianos. Pero en esta ocasión el ejército zarista estaba mejor preparado y motivado, y después de acosar a los invasores con los jinetes cosacos y rebajar sus suministros con técnicas de tierra quemada, en 1709 Pedro I derrotó decisivamente a los suecos en la Batalla de Poltava. Los suecos fueron perseguidos, rindiéndose tres días después en Perevolochna. Esta derrota significó el comienzo del derrumbe del Imperio sueco. En 1716, Carlos XII intentó invadir Noruega, sin embargo, su avance fue frenado por los noruegos en 1718, con el asedio de la fortaleza Fredriksten. Los suecos no fueron derrotados militarmente en Fredriksten, pero la organización y estructura de la campaña noruega llevaron a la muerte del rey y a la retirada del ejército.32 Forzada a ceder grandes extensiones de tierra en el Tratado de Nystad de 1721, también perdió su lugar como imperio y como el Estado dominante del mar Báltico. Con la pérdida de la influencia sueca, Rusia emergió como un imperio y se convirtió en una de las naciones dominantes en Europa.33 En el siglo XVII, ya carecía de los suficientes recursos para mantener sus territorios fuera de Escandinavia, debido a lo cual perdió la mayoría de éstos, culminando con la pérdida del este de Suecia por Rusia, territorios que se convertirían en el Ducado de Finlandia semiautónomo en la Rusia imperial. Después de que Dinamarca-Noruega fuera derrotada en las Guerras Napoleónicas, el 14 de enero de 1814 Noruega fue cedida a Suecia a cambio de las provincias del norte de Alemania, en el Tratado de Kiel. Los intentos de Noruega por mantenerse como una nación soberana fueron repelidos por el rey Carlos XIII de Suecia. El rey lanzó una campaña militar contra Noruega el 27 de julio de 1814, terminando con la Convención de Moss, la cual forzó a Noruega a una unión personal bajo el poder sueco, que duró hasta 1905. La campaña de 1814 fue la última guerra en la que su ejército participó como beligerante.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
diff --git a/Assets/XML/Text/External/Show Hidden Attitudes.xml b/Assets/XML/Text/External/Show Hidden Attitudes.xml
index 1f06cd8a..f317a977 100644
--- a/Assets/XML/Text/External/Show Hidden Attitudes.xml
+++ b/Assets/XML/Text/External/Show Hidden Attitudes.xml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_MISC_ATTITUDE_TEAM_SIZE</Tag>
<English>%D1: "Your team is too big."</English>
- <French>%D1: "Votre 겵ipe est dꫠ trop grande."</French>
+ <French>%D1: "Votre 겵ipe est dꪦ#224; trop grande."</French>
<German>%D1: "Ihr habt zu viele Verb��te."</German>
<Italian>%D1: "La tua squadra 衴roppo grande."</Italian>
<Spanish>%D1: "Tu equipo es demasiado grande."</Spanish>
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<English>%D1: "Your small civilization is no threat to us."</English>
<French>%D1: "Votre mis곡ble civilisation ne nous pose aucune menace."</French>
<German>%D1: "Eure kleine Zivilisation ist keine Bedrohung f��ns."</German>
- <Italian>%D1: "La tua insignificante civilton ci pone alcuna minaccia."</Italian>
+ <Italian>%D1: "La tua insignificante civiltà non ci pone alcuna minaccia."</Italian>
<Spanish>%D1: "Tu pequeivilizacio supone ninguna amenaza para nosotros."</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<English>%D1: "We feel threatened by your large civilization."</English>
<French>%D1: "Nous nous sentons menac고par votre grande civilisation."</French>
<German>%D1: "Wir f��n uns von Eurer groࠥn Zivilisation bedroht."</German>
- <Italian>%D1: "Ci sentiamo minacciati dalla tua grande civilt</Italian>
+ <Italian>%D1: "Ci sentiamo minacciati dalla tua grande civiltà."</Italian>
<Spanish>%D1: "Nos sentimos amenazados por tu gran civilizaci</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
diff --git a/Assets/XML/Text/External/Super Spies.xml b/Assets/XML/Text/External/Super Spies.xml
index 481cd391..e5a41356 100644
--- a/Assets/XML/Text/External/Super Spies.xml
+++ b/Assets/XML/Text/External/Super Spies.xml
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
<English>Loyalty</English>
<French>Fidꭩt頼/French>
<German>Loyalit崼/German>
- <Italian>Lealt༯Italian>
+ <Italian>Lealtà</Italian>
<Spanish>Lealtad </Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
<English>Espionage Units</English>
<French>Unit고d'espionnage</French>
<German>Spionage-Einheiten</German>
- <Italian>Unitࡤi spionaggio</Italian>
+ <Italian>Unità di spionaggio</Italian>
<Spanish>Unidades del espionaje</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Free Preparation Bonus</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] bonification libre de pr걡ration de %d1_percent%%</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% freier Vorbereitungsbonus</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennitibera della preparazione di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennità libera della preparazione di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] prima libre de la preparaciel %d1_percent%%</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Detection Evasion Bonus</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] bonification d'귡sion de d굥ction de %d1_percent%%</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus gegen Entdeckung</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennitࡤi evasione di rilevazione di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennità di evasione di rilevazione di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] prima de la evasie la detecciel %d1_percent%%</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Enemy Spy Detection Bonus</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] bonification ennemie de d굥ction d'espion de %d1_percent%%</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus zur Entdeckung feindlicher Agenten</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennitemica di rilevazione della spia di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennità nemica di rilevazione della spia di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] prima enemiga de la detecciel espdel %d1_percent%%</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus To Counter Espionage Missions</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] bonification de %d1_percent%% aux missions de contre- espionnage</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus auf Spionageabwehr</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennitࡤi %d1_percent%% alle missioni di contro spionaggio</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] indennità di %d1_percent%% alle missioni di contro spionaggio</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] prima del %d1_percent%% a las misiones del espionaje contrario</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]Can Evade Enemy Detection (%d1_Amount%% Chance)</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] Peut ꭵder la d굥ction ennemie (la chance de %d1_Amount%%)</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]Kann Entdeckung vermeiden (%d1_Amount%% Chance)</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Puudere la rilevazione nemica (probabilitࡤi %d1_Amount%%)</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Puudere la rilevazione nemica (probabilità di %d1_Amount%%)</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] Puede evadir la deteccinemiga (la ocasiel %d1_Amount%%)</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]Can Intercept Enemy Spies (%d1_Amount%% Chance)</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] Peut arr뵥r les espions ennemis (la chance de %d1_Amount%%)</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]Kann feindliche Agenten abfangen (%d1_Amount%% Chance)</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Putercettare le spie nemiche (probabilitࡤi %d1_Amount%%)</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Putercettare le spie nemiche (probabilità di %d1_Amount%%)</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] Puede interceptar a los esp enemigos (la ocasiel %d1_Amount%%)</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]Never Reveals Nationality</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] N'indique jamais la nationalit頼/French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]Enth�� niemals Heimatnation</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Non rivela mai la nazionalit࠼/Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Non rivela mai la nazionalità </Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] Nunca revela nacionalidad </Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus Unrest From Missions</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] malaise de bonification de %d1_percent%% des missions</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% mehr Unruhe durch Eins嵺e</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] agitazione di indennitࡤi %d1_percent%% dalle missioni</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] agitazione di indennità di %d1_percent%% dalle missioni</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] malestar de la prima del %d1_percent%% de misiones</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus City Revolt From Missions</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] r귯lte de ville de bonification de %d1_percent%% des missions</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% effektivere Revolte durch Eins嵺e</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] sommossa della cittࡤi indennitࡤi %d1_percent%% dalle missioni</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] sommossa della città di indennità di %d1_percent%% dalle missioni</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] rebelie la ciudad de la prima del %d1_percent%% de misiones</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -272,15 +272,15 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus Unhealthiness From Missions</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] maladie de bonification de %d1_percent%% des missions</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% zus嵺liche Krankheit durch Eins嵺e</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] malattia di indennitࡤi %d1_percent%% dalle missioni</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] malattia di indennità di %d1_percent%% dalle missioni</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] enfermedad de la prima del %d1_percent%% de misiones</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_UNIT_ESCAPE_SPY</Tag>
<English>[ICON_BULLET]Can Escape Capture (%d1_Amount%% Chance)</English>
- <French>[ICON_BULLET] Peut ꤨapper a capture (la chance de %d1_Amount%%)</French>
+ <French>[ICON_BULLET] Peut ꤨapper à la capture (la chance de %d1_Amount%%)</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]Kann Gefangennahme entkommen (%d1_Amount%% Chance)</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Puoriuscire il bloccaggio (probabilitࡤi %d1_Amount%%)</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] Puoriuscire il bloccaggio (probabilità di %d1_Amount%%)</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] Puede escapar la captura (la ocasiel %d1_Amount%%)</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
<English>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Bonus Escape Chance</English>
<French>[ICON_BULLET] chance d'귡sion de bonification de %d1_percent%%</French>
<German>[ICON_BULLET]%d1_percent%% Chance einer Gefangennahme zu entkommen</German>
- <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] probabilitࡤi fuga di indennitࡤi %d1_percent%%</Italian>
+ <Italian>[ICON_BULLET] probabilità di fuga di indennità di %d1_percent%%</Italian>
<Spanish>[ICON_BULLET] ocasiel escape de la prima del %d1_percent%%</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -302,17 +302,17 @@
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_SPY_ESCAPED_REVEAL</Tag>
<English>A %s1_civ_adjective %s2_unit managed to escape from the %s3_civ_adjective city of %s4_city!</English>
- <French>Un %s1_civ_adjective %s2_unit est parvenu ࡳ'ꤨapper de la ville de %s3_civ_adjective de %s4_city!</French>
+ <French>Un %s1_civ_adjective %s2_unit est parvenu à s'ꤨapper de la ville de %s3_civ_adjective de %s4_city!</French>
<German>Ein %[s1_civ_adjective]er %s2_unit konnte aus der %[s3_civ_adjective]en Stadt %s4_city entkommen!</German>
- <Italian>Un %s1_civ_adjective %s2_unit 衲iuscito a fuoriuscire dalla cittࡤi %s3_civ_adjective di %s4_city!</Italian>
+ <Italian>Un %s1_civ_adjective %s2_unit 衲iuscito a fuoriuscire dalla città di %s3_civ_adjective di %s4_city!</Italian>
<Spanish>Un %s1_civ_adjective %s2_unit manejcaparse de la ciudad de %s3_civ_adjective de %s4_city!</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_SPY_ESCAPED</Tag>
<English>A %s1_unit managed to escape from the %s2_civ_adjective city of %s3_city!</English>
- <French>Un %s1_unit est parvenu ࡳ'ꤨapper de la ville de %s2_civ_adjective de %s3_city!</French>
+ <French>Un %s1_unit est parvenu à s'ꤨapper de la ville de %s2_civ_adjective de %s3_city!</French>
<German>Einem %[s1_unit]en gelang die Flucht aus der %s2_civ_adjective Stadt %s3_city!</German>
- <Italian>Un %s1_unit 衲iuscito a fuoriuscire dalla cittࡤi %s2_civ_adjective di %s3_city!</Italian>
+ <Italian>Un %s1_unit 衲iuscito a fuoriuscire dalla città di %s2_civ_adjective di %s3_city!</Italian>
<Spanish>Un %s1_unit manejcaparse de la ciudad de %s2_civ_adjective de %s3_city!</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_ESPIONAGE_TARGET_SOMETHING_ASSASSINATED</Tag>
<English>A %s1_ThingName was assassinated by enemy infiltrators at %s2_CityName!</English>
- <French>Un %s1_ThingName a 굩 assassin顰ar les envahisseurs ennemis ࠥs2_CityName!</French>
+ <French>Un %s1_ThingName a 굩 assassin顰ar les envahisseurs ennemis à %s2_CityName!</French>
<German>Ein %s1_ThingName wurde durch einen feindlichen Geheimdienst in %s2_CityName ermordet!</German>
<Spanish>Un %s1_ThingName fue asesinado por los infiltrados enemigos en %s2_CityName!</Spanish>
</TEXT>
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@
<English>Will create fallout on the tile.</English>
<French>Crꦲa des retomb꦳ radioactives sur la tuile.</French>
<German>Erzeugt Kontamination auf dem Feld.</German>
- <Italian>Generera precipitazione radioattiva sulle mattonelle.</Italian>
+ <Italian>Genererà la precipitazione radioattiva sulle mattonelle.</Italian>
<Spanish>Crearᡥl polvillo radiactivo en el azulejo.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
<English>Eliminate %s1_unit for %d2[ICON_ESPIONAGE] %d3_percent%% chance of success.</English>
<French>ʬiminez %s1_unit pour la chance de %d2[ICON_ESPIONAGE] %d3_percent%% de succ鳮</French>
<German>Eliminiert %s1_unit gegen %d2[ICON_ESPIONAGE] mit einer %d3_percent%% Erfolgschance.</German>
- <Italian>Elimini %s1_unit per la possibilitࡤi successo di %d2[ICON_ESPIONAGE] %d3_percent%%.</Italian>
+ <Italian>Elimini %s1_unit per la possibilità di successo di %d2[ICON_ESPIONAGE] %d3_percent%%.</Italian>
<Spanish>Elimine %s1_unit para la oportunidad de 깩to de %d2[ICON_ESPIONAGE] el %d3_percent%%.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -386,9 +386,9 @@
<TEXT>
<Tag>TXT_KEY_MISSION_ASSASSIN_HELP</Tag>
<English>The spy attempts to kill a great specialist inside a rival city.</English>
- <French>L'espion essaye de tuer un grand spꤩaliste 'int곩eur d'une ville rivale.</French>
+ <French>L'espion essaye de tuer un grand spꤩaliste à l'int곩eur d'une ville rivale.</French>
<German>Versucht eine groࠥn Spezialisten in einer feindlichen Stadt zu ermorden.</German>
- <Italian>La spia tenta di uccidere un grande specialista all'interno di una cittࡲivale.</Italian>
+ <Italian>La spia tenta di uccidere un grande specialista all'interno di una città rivale.</Italian>
<Spanish>El espintenta matar a un gran especialista dentro de una ciudad rival.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@
<English>The spy attempts to win the allegiance of a foreign worker.</English>
<French>L'espion essaye de gagner l'allꨥance d'un travailleur 굲anger.</French>
<German>Versucht einen fremden Arbeitstrupp abzuwerben.</German>
- <Italian>La spia tenta di vincere la fedeltࡤei lavoratori stranieri.</Italian>
+ <Italian>La spia tenta di vincere la fedeltà dei lavoratori stranieri.</Italian>
<Spanish>El espintenta ganar la lealtad de un trabajador extranjero.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
diff --git a/Assets/XML/Text/Hints.xml b/Assets/XML/Text/Hints.xml
index 65814dc9..05332648 100644
--- a/Assets/XML/Text/Hints.xml
+++ b/Assets/XML/Text/Hints.xml
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
<English>Random events are tied to what is happening within your civilization. If you want to experience all of the events that are possible, you will have to play numerous games using different approaches and strategies: war and peace, different religious approaches, different technological paths, different civics and more!</English>
<French>Les événements aléatoires sont liés à la manière dont vous gérez votre civilisation. Si vous voulez expérimenter tous les événements possibles, vous allez devoir jouer un nombre impressionnant de parties en variant sans cesse vos stratégies : préférer la guerre ou la paix, changer d'approche en matière de religion, de technologie ou de doctrine, etc. Il n'y a pas de limite !</French>
<German>Zufallsereignisse hängen davon ab, was innerhalb Ihrer Zivilisation geschieht. Wenn Sie alle möglichen Ereignisse erleben wollen, müssen Sie zahlreiche Spiele mit unterschiedlichen Ansätzen und Strategien spielen: Krieg und Frieden, unterschiedliche religiöse Ansätze, Technologiewege, Staatsformen und vieles mehr!</German>
- <Italian>Gli eventi casuali sono collegati a quel che accade all'interno della tua civiltà. Se vuoi sperimentare tutti gli eventi possibili, dovrai giocare diverse partite utilizzando vari approcci e strategie: guerra e pace, religioni e sviluppi tecnologici diversi, e persino cambiare le forme di governo!</Italian>
+ <Italian>Gli eventi casuali sono collegati a quel che accade all'interno della tua civiltà. Se vuoi sperimentare tutti gli eventi possibili, dovrai giocare diverse partite utilizzando vari approcci e strategie: guerra e pace, religioni e sviluppi tecnologici diversi, e persino cambiare le forme di governo!</Italian>
<Spanish>Los acontecimientos al azar están ligados a lo que ocurra en tu civilización. Si quieres probar todos los sucesos posibles, tendrás que jugar numerosas partidas con diferentes aproximaciones y estrategias: guerra y paz, distintas propuestas religiosas, diferentes caminos tecnológicos, principios diversos y demás.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
<English>You may be wise to keep some reserve gold in your treasury. You never know when your savings may help mitigate the effects of a disastrous event or grant you access to additional opportunities when a positive event rolls around.</English>
<French>Faites en sorte de ne pas dilapider votre trésor. Vos économies pourraient un jour vous aider à atténuer les effets d'un évènement catastrophique ou vous donner accès à de nouvelles opportunités si un évènement positif devait survenir .</French>
<German>Es wäre klug, ein paar Goldreserven in der Schatzkammer zu belassen. Man weiß nie, wann das Ersparte dabei helfen könnte, die Auswirkungen eines verheerenden Ereignisses zu mildern, oder Ihnen zusätzliche Möglichkeiten bei einem positiven Ereignis verschafft.</German>
- <Italian>Potrebbe essere saggio tenere una riserva d'oro nel tuo tesoro. Non si può mai sapere quando potrebbe rendersi necessario mitigare gli effetti di un evento catastrofico, o quando una serie positiva di eventi potrebbe permetterti di accedere ad altre opportunità.</Italian>
+ <Italian>Potrebbe essere saggio tenere una riserva d'oro nel tuo tesoro. Non si può mai sapere quando potrebbe rendersi necessario mitigare gli effetti di un evento catastrofico, o quando una serie positiva di eventi potrebbe permetterti di accedere ad altre opportunità.</Italian>
<Spanish>Debes ser prudente y guardar algunas reservas de oro en tu tesoro. Nunca se sabe cuándo tus ahorros pueden servir para mitigar los efectos de un suceso desastroso o para darte acceso a oportunidades adicionales cuando se produzca un suceso positivo.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
<English>A negative event that afflicts one of your rivals is, in effect, like a positive event for you! Keep an eye on the world news reports in case an event happening to other nations opens new opportunities for you.</English>
<French>Les événements négatifs qui frappent vos rivaux peuvent s'avérer extrêmement positifs pour vous ! Gardez un oeil sur les informations en provenance des autres pays, au cas où un événement vous offrirait de nouvelles opportunités.</French>
<German>Ein negatives Ereignis, das einen Ihrer Gegner betrifft, ist ein positives Ereignis für Sie! Achten Sie auf die Berichte in den Weltnachrichten, damit Sie von den Ereignissen in anderen Nationen erfahren, die Ihnen selbst neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen.</German>
- <Italian>Un evento negativo che colpisce un tuo avversario è a tutti gli effetti un evento positivo per te! Tieni d'occhio le notizie dal mondo: eventi che si verificano in altre nazioni potrebbero aprirti nuove opportunità.</Italian>
+ <Italian>Un evento negativo che colpisce un tuo avversario è a tutti gli effetti un evento positivo per te! Tieni d'occhio le notizie dal mondo: eventi che si verificano in altre nazioni potrebbero aprirti nuove opportunità.</Italian>
<Spanish>Los sucesos negativos que aflijan a tus rivales son, de hecho, buenas noticias para ti. Estate atento a las noticias internacionales por si algo que ha ocurrido en otras naciones abriera nuevas oportunidades para ti.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
<English>Rival civilizations led by computer opponents now pose a more significant threat from the sea. Stronger fleets, amphibious invasions... Don't be caught unprepared! The more warlike leaders can be very sneaky with their attack plans, as they have learned to think beyond the sword.</English>
<French>Les civilisations rivales menées par l'ordinateur sont désormais plus promptes à vous attaquer par la mer. Flottes plus puissantes, invasions amphibies... Ne vous laissez pas surprendre ! Les dirigeants les plus sanguinaires peuvent s'avérer très sournois maintenant que le mot "stratégie" ne leur est plus inconnu.</French>
<German>Von Computergegnern geführte gegnerische Zivilisationen stellen nun eine große Bedrohung vom Meer aus dar. Stärkere Flotten, amphibische Angriffe ... Lassen Sie sich nicht überrumpeln! Kriegerische Zivilisationen können in Bezug auf ihre Angriffspläne sehr raffiniert vorgehen, da sie gelernt haben, über den Rand der Klinge hinauszusehen.</German>
- <Italian>Le civiltà rivali controllate dal computer costituiscono una minaccia più consistente dal mare: flotte più forti, invasioni anfibie... Non farti cogliere di sorpresa! I leader più bellicosi possono sviluppare piani di attacchi molto subdoli, perché hanno imparato tattiche diverse dai normali attacchi armati.</Italian>
+ <Italian>Le civiltà rivali controllate dal computer costituiscono una minaccia più consistente dal mare: flotte più forti, invasioni anfibie... Non farti cogliere di sorpresa! I leader più bellicosi possono sviluppare piani di attacchi molto subdoli, perché hanno imparato tattiche diverse dai normali attacchi armati.</Italian>
<Spanish>Las civilizaciones rivales que lleva el ordenador plantean una amenaza mucho más seria desde el mar. Mayores flotas, invasiones anfibias... ¡Que no te pillen desprevenido! Los líderes más belicosos pueden ser mucho más viles con sus planes de ataque, ya que han aprendido a pensar más allá de la espada.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
<TEXT>
diff --git a/Assets/XML/Text/Technologies.xml b/Assets/XML/Text/Technologies.xml
index 8b2f5fdb..46714949 100644
--- a/Assets/XML/Text/Technologies.xml
+++ b/Assets/XML/Text/Technologies.xml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ However, alchemists made real contributions to society. Alchemists were the firs
<English>Evidence of the use of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, dates back to Thailand in 4500 BC. Several hundred years later, bronze working was discovered in the Middle East. Artifacts from this period show that bronze was initially used for decorative purposes only. This is because tin was not readily available. It wasn't until approximately 2000 BC, when tin was regularly imported from neighboring regions, that bronze replaced copper in the construction of larger items. Bronze was harder and less brittle than copper, and it held a sharper edge. Tools, weapons, and armor made from bronze were also cheaper to produce and more durable. The period of time when bronze was the metal of choice for such items was known as the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age lasted until iron working became prevalent in approximately 1200 BC.</English>
<French>L'utilisation du bronze, un alliage de cuivre et d'étain, remonte au moins à 4 500 av. J.-C., en Thaïlande. Des siècles plus tard, le travail du bronze a été découvert au Moyen-Orient. Les objets datant de cette période montrent que le bronze était uniquement utilisé à l'origine dans un but décoratif. Il remplaçait l'étain, plus difficile à obtenir. Ce n'est que vers 2 000 av. J.-C., quand l'étain a été régulièrement importé des régions voisines, que le bronze a remplacé le cuivre dans la fabrication d'objets de plus grande taille. Le bronze était plus solide et moins cassant que le cuivre et permettait de produire des lames plus tranchantes. Les outils, armes, et armures en bronze étaient aussi moins chers à produire et plus résistants. La période au cours de laquelle le bronze a été le métal privilégié pour ce genre d'objets est connue sous le nom de l'Age de Bronze, période qui a perduré jusqu'au développement du travail de fer, vers 1 200 av. J.-C..</French>
<German>Es wird vermutet, dass Bronze, eine Legierung aus Kupfer und Zinn, bereits im Jahre 4500 vor Christus in Thailand verwendet wurde. Mehrere Jahrhunderte später wurde die Bronzeverarbeitung im Nahen Osten entdeckt. Kunstwerke dieser Periode zeigen, dass Bronze anfangs nur zu Dekorationszwecken genutzt wurde, weil Zinn schwer zu beschaffen war. Erst um etwa 2000 vor Christus wurde Zinn regelmäßig von den benachbarten Ländern importiert. In der Folgezeit wurde das bis dahin verwendete Kupfer bei der Herstellung größerer Objekte durch Bronze ersetzt, die härter und weniger spröde war als Kupfer, so dass sich damit schärfere Kanten formen ließen - darüber hinaus waren Werkzeuge, Waffen und Rüstungen aus Bronze auch preiswerter und langlebiger. Die Zeit, in der Bronze das bevorzugte Metall für die Fertigung dieser Geräte war, ist als Bronzezeitalter bekannt. Diese Periode dauerte bis etwa 1200 vor Christus, als das noch hochwertigere Eisen verfügbar wurde.</German>
- <Italian>Le prime testimonianze sull'uso del bronzo, una lega di rame e stagno, risalgono alla Thailandia del 4500 a. C. Diversi secoli pirdi, la lavorazione del bronzo venne scoperta nel Medio Oriente. Gli oggetti risalenti a questo periodo dimostrano che il bronzo veniva inizialmente utilizzato solo a scopo decorativo, questo perch顬o stagno non era facilmente reperibile. Bisognerࡡspettare pimeno il 2000 a. C. perch鬠con l'importazione regolare di stagno dalle regioni confinanti, il bronzo sostituisca il rame nella fabbricazione di oggetti piandi, offrendo anche una maggior resistenza rispetto al rame e la possibilitࡤi produrre punte piuminate. Strumenti, armi e armature di bronzo erano anche meno costosi da realizzare e piraturi. Il periodo di tempo in cui si preferiva il bronzo per tali prodotti 衮oto come l'Etࡤel Bronzo, che durno al 1200 a. C. circa, quando fu soppiantato dalla lavorazione del ferro.</Italian>
+ <Italian>Le prime testimonianze sull'uso del bronzo, una lega di rame e stagno, risalgono alla Thailandia del 4500 a. C. Diversi secoli pirdi, la lavorazione del bronzo venne scoperta nel Medio Oriente. Gli oggetti risalenti a questo periodo dimostrano che il bronzo veniva inizialmente utilizzato solo a scopo decorativo, questo perch顬o stagno non era facilmente reperibile. Bisognerà aspettare pimeno il 2000 a. C. perch鬠con l'importazione regolare di stagno dalle regioni confinanti, il bronzo sostituisca il rame nella fabbricazione di oggetti piandi, offrendo anche una maggior resistenza rispetto al rame e la possibilità di produrre punte piuminate. Strumenti, armi e armature di bronzo erano anche meno costosi da realizzare e piraturi. Il periodo di tempo in cui si preferiva il bronzo per tali prodotti 衮oto come l'Età del Bronzo, che durno al 1200 a. C. circa, quando fu soppiantato dalla lavorazione del ferro.</Italian>
<Spanish>Las primeras evidencias del uso del bronce, una aleación de cobre y estaño, se remontan al año 4500 a. C. en Tailandia. Varios siglos después, se descubrió la forja del bronce en Oriente Medio. Los artefactos de este periodo demuestran que inicialmente el bronce solo se usaba con fines decorativos, debido a que el estaño escaseaba. No fue hasta aproximadamente el año 2000 a. C., con la importación regular de estaño de regiones vecinas, que el bronce sustituyó al cobre en la fabricación de objetos grandes. El bronce era más duro y menos quebradizo que el cobre, y se podía afilar mejor. Las armas y armaduras hechas de bronce también eran más baratas de producir, y más resistentes. El periodo que hizo del bronce el metal preferido para dichos objetos se conoce como Edad del Bronce, y duró hasta el triunfo de la forja del hierro, en torno al 1200 a. C.</Spanish>
</TEXT>
I don't think I understand what the problem is. These are not files I have modified (except Technologies, but that's not merged yet, and anyway the issue is with the Italian text). On my end, all those wrong characters show as "�". And the Sweden pedia text is presumably from Merijn's mod.
1SDANi
The Fading Memory
- Joined
- Oct 27, 2014
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Oh, oops. My bad. But yeh, that ? thing is what TortoiseGit shows them as. Sorry.
Encoding is handled different depending on the application you are using and also your OS settings. But since ASCII is universally supported and also the legal character set for XMLs, if it looks fine in the editor it will also work within the game.
How about "Appareil d'État" for Statecraft? Or maybe simply "État". From my understanding, the name refers to the appearance of the state as a modern concept.
Also, Scholarship is going to be "Scolastique" until someone has a better idea.
Also, Scholarship is going to be "Scolastique" until someone has a better idea.
Unit names are a mess!
Lancers are correctly translated as "Lancier", but that word is already used in civ for spearmen — unsurprisingly, since spear and lance mean the same thing, and there's only one word for that in French: lance (well, there's also javelot, but that doesn't help much). The best I could come up is "Lancier à cheval". A better solution might be to rename the spearman, but I'm not sure to what. "Peltaste", maybe? And what about heavy spearmen?
In French, the arquebuse is clearly a more primitive form of the mousquet (seems also true in English but less clearly). Musketmen (available at Firearms) are already called "arquebusier" in French vanilla civ, but now there is an arquebusier unit that comes later (at Replaceable Parts), which I think should be called "mousquetaire". However, English and French would be basically inverted and that might be confusing. I'd like to request that what is currently called musketman in English be renamed to arquebusier, and what is currently called arquebusier be renamed "musketeer" (rather than musketman, which is apparently not an English word; it won't cause problems since musketeers are no longer the French UU).
What about swordsmen, light swordsmen and heavy swordsmen? I really don't know what to call them. Vanilla civ calls swordsmen "spadassin", but that's not actually correct: a spadassin is a duelist or a hit man; the word is never used for the military. "Épéiste" is also incorrect, as it refers only to the sport of fencing. "Infanterie [légère/lourde] à épée" would maybe work, though it's unwieldy. Thoughts?
Lancers are correctly translated as "Lancier", but that word is already used in civ for spearmen — unsurprisingly, since spear and lance mean the same thing, and there's only one word for that in French: lance (well, there's also javelot, but that doesn't help much). The best I could come up is "Lancier à cheval". A better solution might be to rename the spearman, but I'm not sure to what. "Peltaste", maybe? And what about heavy spearmen?
In French, the arquebuse is clearly a more primitive form of the mousquet (seems also true in English but less clearly). Musketmen (available at Firearms) are already called "arquebusier" in French vanilla civ, but now there is an arquebusier unit that comes later (at Replaceable Parts), which I think should be called "mousquetaire". However, English and French would be basically inverted and that might be confusing. I'd like to request that what is currently called musketman in English be renamed to arquebusier, and what is currently called arquebusier be renamed "musketeer" (rather than musketman, which is apparently not an English word; it won't cause problems since musketeers are no longer the French UU).
What about swordsmen, light swordsmen and heavy swordsmen? I really don't know what to call them. Vanilla civ calls swordsmen "spadassin", but that's not actually correct: a spadassin is a duelist or a hit man; the word is never used for the military. "Épéiste" is also incorrect, as it refers only to the sport of fencing. "Infanterie [légère/lourde] à épée" would maybe work, though it's unwieldy. Thoughts?
I think it's better to find a fitting name for the Lancer. I used the word to describe heavy cavalry that relied on the charge attack, as became common in the Middle Ages following the introduction of the stirrup. I have little to offer on what could fit here in French, but don't feel constrained by the lance part.
The arquebus is clearly more primitive than the musket. Of course there is overlap in historical terminology but in general an arquebus uses a matchlock and a musket uses a flintlock. So it wouldn't make sense to swap the terms (I also don't quite understand why you're suggesting this). Vanilla Civ4 uses the term "Musketman" anachronistically, because the unit becomes available in the Middle Ages with the introduction of gunpowder, while muskets were actually an early modern weapon (this is likely a grandfathered error because even Civ1 introduces Musketmen with Gunpowder and they were always overpowered). It didn't matter much because there was no early modern gun unit until the Industrial Rifleman. With the new tech tree I closed this gap and used terminology that is more historically sound (i.e. muskets in the Renaissance, arquebuses in the Middle Ages).
I always just accepted from civ that Musketman is as prominent as Musketeer but it really isn't, I will consider renaming them.
I don't know if that helps, but I considered calling these units just "Footman", so maybe just "Infanterie" might work, although I don't know how the Infantry unit is translated.
The French word "Lancier" refers primarily to cavalry, so it would probably make more sense to change the spearman. But we could also use the old "Chevalier" (knight) for the Lancer.
You are correct in not understanding, the confusion was mine. Somehow I was sure the "musketman" came before the "arquebusier" in the current version.
However I think the musketman will be called arquebusier in French, but TXT_KEY_UNIT_MUSKETMAN is not in Units.xml. Would it be okay to add an entry for it? (I assume it will overwrite the base game entry.) Actually, would it be okay to add entries for other cases where the base game translation is wrong (swordsman, redcoat)?
Also, I think Firaxis invented the word "musketman" because they wanted the "musketeer" to be French. Renaming it would make sense.
Fantassin (an individual member of an infantry corps) might work then.
I don't think "spadassin" is that bad. The meaning has evolved but it litterally and etimologically means "swordsman".
The correct medieval term for "infantry" would be "Homme d'arme" (or gens d'arme) which would let us use "Infanterie" for the modern infantry unit.
I would propose :
light swordsman - spadassin
swordsman - fantassin
heavy swordsman - homme d'arme.
Or we could choose one term and add "léger" and "lourd", but I kinda like having different names to break the monotony : )
"Chevalier" is nice for lancers, and also in line with the vanilla translation.
The correct medieval term for "infantry" would be "Homme d'arme" (or gens d'arme) which would let us use "Infanterie" for the modern infantry unit.
I would propose :
light swordsman - spadassin
swordsman - fantassin
heavy swordsman - homme d'arme.
Or we could choose one term and add "léger" and "lourd", but I kinda like having different names to break the monotony : )
"Chevalier" is nice for lancers, and also in line with the vanilla translation.
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Homme d'armes est une excellente idée. J'adopte ta suggestion, excepté que j'inverse spadassin et fantassin (puisque le "swordsman" s'appelle spadassin dans le jeu de base).
EDIT: "Pistolier" is also apparently not an English word. Maybe carabinier or carabineer would be a more appropriate name? Actually I have no idea, historical military terminology is super confusing.
EDIT again: "Hallebardier" would be a nice name for a pike-type unit, but should it come before or after "Piquier"? (I.e., heavy spearman = hallebardier and pikeman = piquier, or the other way around?)
More EDIT: Ironically, I'm not sure how to translate the French UU, the Heavy Cannon. "Canon lourd" is okay, but maybe someone is aware of a better name? I'm not 100% sure what the heavy cannon is referencing in reality.
EDIT: "Pistolier" is also apparently not an English word. Maybe carabinier or carabineer would be a more appropriate name? Actually I have no idea, historical military terminology is super confusing.
EDIT again: "Hallebardier" would be a nice name for a pike-type unit, but should it come before or after "Piquier"? (I.e., heavy spearman = hallebardier and pikeman = piquier, or the other way around?)
More EDIT: Ironically, I'm not sure how to translate the French UU, the Heavy Cannon. "Canon lourd" is okay, but maybe someone is aware of a better name? I'm not 100% sure what the heavy cannon is referencing in reality.
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If, as I suspect, the heavy cannon points to napoleonic use of artillery, we could use "grande batterie", which is to be fair, more the name of a tactic than a single unit... but way more evocative.
I finished translating all the civs' dynamic names. I looked at the results briefly in game, and there are two issues:
(1) as I have pointed out earlier, some of the XML keys are generated dynamically and are therefore wrong since they differ from the English keys (e.g. TXT_KEY_CIV_JAPON_DEFAULT instead of JAPAN). (This is also true of some Dawn of Man texts.)
(2) Many dynamic names are made by combining several parts together in a way that causes French grammar problems. For instance, "Empire of the Great Qing" combines "Empire of" and "the Great Qing". In French, these strings are properly translated as "Empire de" and "le Grand Qing" when separate, leading to the game showing "Empire de le Grand Qing", when the correct form would be "Empire du Grand Qing" since "du" is a contraction of "de le". Another issue is with apostrophes before vowels. By default the keys will show e.g. "République de XYZ" but if the country starts with a vowel it should be "République d'ABC". Not sure how to deal with these cases.
There are probably other small problems like that that are not immediately apparent. At this point it might be good for French speakers to play in French and report any mistakes, bugs or inconsistencies they find.
(1) as I have pointed out earlier, some of the XML keys are generated dynamically and are therefore wrong since they differ from the English keys (e.g. TXT_KEY_CIV_JAPON_DEFAULT instead of JAPAN). (This is also true of some Dawn of Man texts.)
(2) Many dynamic names are made by combining several parts together in a way that causes French grammar problems. For instance, "Empire of the Great Qing" combines "Empire of" and "the Great Qing". In French, these strings are properly translated as "Empire de" and "le Grand Qing" when separate, leading to the game showing "Empire de le Grand Qing", when the correct form would be "Empire du Grand Qing" since "du" is a contraction of "de le". Another issue is with apostrophes before vowels. By default the keys will show e.g. "République de XYZ" but if the country starts with a vowel it should be "République d'ABC". Not sure how to deal with these cases.
There are probably other small problems like that that are not immediately apparent. At this point it might be good for French speakers to play in French and report any mistakes, bugs or inconsistencies they find.
ozqar
King
Would it work to have always the preposition in the same string as the article? So "Empire" + "du Great King", this also addresses the "d'" issue.
Yes, but the title "Empire" decides if there is a preposition in the first place, in other words there are some civs that use "Empire of" and others use "<adjective> Empire" and that is deliberately decided separately from which name or adjective to use. Some of these names are also influenced by historiographical tradition, so I'm wondering if these titles can even be directly translated all the time (this is also a question to French speakers).
I would like to avoid different code for each language, I will think about solutions to accommodate grammatical differences like this better. But this may take some time.
I would like to avoid different code for each language, I will think about solutions to accommodate grammatical differences like this better. But this may take some time.
Would it be possible to dynamically replace some of the prepositions? Like automatically turn "de le" into "du", "le/la [vowel]" into "l’[vowel]", etc. That would probably not solve everything but it would take care of most of these issues, and I don't think there'd be many exceptions.
Regarding historiography, in general I have not run into many problems where French names were so different from English names that I couldn't directly translate. It's possible I've made some assumptions with the code that will create mistakes in game, so we'll see. There might be some cases where it would be useful to create a new XML entry (and the corresponding DynamicCivs.py code), but I don't know which ones right now.
By the way, one of the civs I had a hard time with was the medieval Germans. Not sure when to use Allemagne vs. Germanie, and allemand vs. germanique. Also, is the name "Holy Roman Empire" used at all right now?
Regarding historiography, in general I have not run into many problems where French names were so different from English names that I couldn't directly translate. It's possible I've made some assumptions with the code that will create mistakes in game, so we'll see. There might be some cases where it would be useful to create a new XML entry (and the corresponding DynamicCivs.py code), but I don't know which ones right now.
By the way, one of the civs I had a hard time with was the medieval Germans. Not sure when to use Allemagne vs. Germanie, and allemand vs. germanique. Also, is the name "Holy Roman Empire" used at all right now?
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