They do live in the slums between the 1st and 2nd walls, at least partially because the city wasn't built to hold remotely that many inhabitants, especially that quickly.
As for the hate crimes, whenever resources are short, people are going to blame whoever wasn't "chosen" for the job, but that's less of an issue in this time period, and will come out a bit more in later generations.
I suppose so, but I would find it more likely that the rich would just bribe people for more food and resources.
Especially since the rich actually live in the city, and the poor are just sitting in the fields/swamps around the outskirts.
Primarily the people who developed the idea for the city, built it, or designed the grand scheme of the plan.
After that, there's a degree of "What kinds of people are needed to run a self-sufficient city?"
Granted, there're a lot of politics involved, so you see a bit of a demographic shift and controversial figures - Despite being in Panama, the city is going to have heavy influence from Canadians, New Zealanders, Americans, Japanese, and Australians (the major funders and developers of the project), and quite a few "financial contributors" are going to find themselves on the short list, regardless of actual usefulness.