I don't know why I said merc, I was tired at the time. Obviously rep is the relevant civic consideration.
Radio opens bombers and subs, but regardless of which of those you plan to use, you need other techs on top of them.
One thing that I don't understand is how people duck the AI going culture...I am often pressed to attack in the 1700's or very early 1800's on immortal on pain of losing to culture. I'd imagine it would be worse on deity. It seems like I'd run out of time to attack such an AI if I went for both radio and another military tech, which is what I was getting at.
But then I see other players never leave their continent and launch the ship at like 1930 AD on immortal, which is perplexing in the extreme since in my game 1-2 AIs would have won culture by then, and possibly someone would have won space also.
Well if the AI is a culture whore you can normally get massive mileage out of just beating down the idiot with rifles + cannons + airships or rifles + cannons + fighters. Prior to nukes, flight is one of the best anti-culture techs as you can use it for an amphib raze mission. Grabbing flight and continuing with infantry + cannons + MGs is not that much of a drag on your economy, particularly if you get good mileage out of airport trade.
But if you simply don't want to invade your best shots are:
1. Religion denial. Found 2 of Confu, Christianity, Islam, and Tao - don't share it with the guys who have lots of religions.
2. Deny wonders. The big ones are high culture wonders built outside AI caps. So the Aesthetic wonders can be big and you also do well to trade around techs that enable multiple wonders (like masonry, Aesthetics, Theo) so that as much possible all the big culture wonders are not in cities 2 and 3. Some wonders are also important for their culture effects (Sistine is the biggest, but also Oracle for the free religion, Parth for more GA, and Taj). The hate people have for getty GA pollution in the GP pool does concentrate those wonder GPP into the culture whoring AIs.
3. Win music and lib, be slow to trade lib. The ai is slow to tech lib once it is won, if you can win lib early the AI won't go for it and the longer an AI lacks FS the longer you have to win.
4. Start wars (dangerous if they get rolled too quick and you can't bribe a peace).
5. Muck up their civics with spies and the UN.
6. Trash their cities with spies burning cathedrals is always good.
7. Don't let them found the good culture corps.
Normally if I never in war I'm banking on AI-AI wars or I've utterly nerfed AI teching/early culture by hoarding wonders and religions. Spies are a fallback and stopping the AIs from founding the good culture corps is normally get there first (Sushi, perhaps CreCon) or gifting another AI the techs when they pop the correct GP.
'