Well, here are the answers.
(1) Many people travel to Montsegur in southwest France to see the ruins of the great Cathar fortress in which, in the thirteenth century, 650 people were beseiged by the French Catholics for ten months. But most of those visitors are disappointed, although most of them dont know it. Why?
Maybe this was a bit of an odd question. There is a ruined fortress at Montsegur, but it is not the Cathar fortress. That was completely razed to the ground by the victorious Catholic forces in the 1240s and a new fortress was built. Today, the ruins of that Catholic fortress can still be seen, but most of the tourists who visit, hoping to discover some lost secret or treasure of the Cathars, don't realise it. Montsegur makes a lot of money from tourism and always seem to forget to tell the conspiracy hunters that the ruins they are cheerfully measuring, hoping to deduce some kind of numerological mysticism from the plans, have nothing to do with the Cathars. These are the sort of people who think that Dan Brown is onto something.
(2) He is a man of very hot temper, soon inflamed and very brutal in his passion. He raises his natural heat by drinking much brandy, which he rectifies himself with great application. He is subject to convulsive motions all over his body, and his head seems to be affected with these. He wants not capacity, and has a larger measure of knowledge than might be expected from his education, which was very indifferent. A want of judgment, with an instability of temper, appear in him too often and too evidently. Who was Bishop Burnet describing?
Peter the Great of Russia.
(3) The fifth ecumenical council was called in 553 at Constantinople by the emperor Justinian the Great. The main business was the condemnation of the Three Chapters. What were the Three Chapters? A bonus point if you can name any of their authors. Another if you know all three.
The Three Chapters were works by Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Ibas of Edessa (all long-dead and respected writers). Justinian wanted to encourage the Monophysites to rejoin the church, so he conceived the idea of condemning works by writers who were a *bit* Nestorian (the opposite heresy to Monophysitism). All three of those writers, although respected, had vaguely Nestorian tendencies, so Justinian assembled a dossier of their works and had it condemned. Many protested at this unusual procedure, since it was not normal to condemn long-dead figures. Of course the plan completely failed, and served only to alienate the Nestorians further. But Justinian didn't care about them (they were all outside the empire).
(4) By what name is Li-ma-teu better known in the West?
Matteo Ricci.
(5) In 1618, the synod of Dort set out five propositions of orthodox Calvinism which are commonly remembered as a five-letter mnemonic. What is the word spelled by the five letters?
TULIP. If you're interested, the five propositions are Total depravity (all human actions are intrinsically sinful unless grace intervenes); Unconditional election (people are saved by Gods decision, not because of any merit on their part); Limited atonement (Christs death is not efficacious for everyone, but only those who will be saved, the Elect); Irresistible grace (God predestines everyone to salvation or damnation and there is nothing they can do about it); and Perseverance of the saints (the Elect can never become un-elect).
(6) Who wrote the following: Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our countrys most urgent needs.
Maximilien Robespierre.
(7) One of the most important church leaders of the early Middle Ages was the Patriarch Timothy I (Ive anglicised the name), who reigned from 780 to 823. He was an enlightened man who discussed philosophy with the secular rulers of the day and guided his church with a strong hand. But where was he patriarch of, and what major church did he lead? Hint 1: there are two possible answers to the first part. Hint 2: he spoke one language in church and another language at the palace. A bonus point if you can name both languages.
He was patriarch first of Ctesiphon, then of Baghdad, because the Abbasid caliphate moved there in AD 850. Timothy was the patriarch - and Catholicos - of the Church of the East, also known as the Nestorian Church. This major church split off from eastern Orthodoxy in the fifth century and largely vanished from the eyes of the west, since more or less all its adherents were in the Persian empire (and then in the Arabian one). Timothy, like most Arabian Christians of the time, was therefore bilingual in Syriac (the traditional language of the eastern church) and Arabic (the language of his Muslim overlords).
(8) One of the most significant religious figures of the fourteenth century was the heretic Ewostatewos. What country was he from?
Ethiopia. Ewostatewos started the Sabbatarian schism by claiming that the Old Testament law was still binding on Christians.
(9) Who wrote the following: I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.
Sir Isaac Newton.
(10) Who wrote under the pseudonym Prisoner C33?
Oscar Wilde. He published "The Ballad of Reading Jail" under his cell number.
(11) Arnold Geulincx and Nicolas Malebranche are the most well-known representatives of occasionalism. What is occasionalism?
It is a metaphysical doctrine, according to which objects have no causative powers of any kind. Whenever one object acts on another, it is actually God who causes the action or event. Whenever we look at something, it is not the object that causes an image to appear in our minds, but God; and whenever our mind tells our body to do something, it is God who moves it. Physical objects therefore function only as the "occasion" for God to act. This view was ridiculed by George Berkeley, who argued that in that case we might as well do away with physical objects altogether and have a world consisting of nothing but God and intelligent minds.
(12) Who is the only Pope to have canonised himself?
Hildebrand, or Gregory VII. His Papal Decree of 1075 stated, among other things, that all Popes (including himself!) are automatically saints.
(13) Who wrote a poem containing the following verses:
At the Sign of the Cross in St James's Street,
When next you go thither to make yourselves sweet
By buying of powder, gloves, essence, or so,
You may chance to get a sight of Signior Dildo.
You would take him at first for no person of note,
Because he appears in a plain leather coat,
But when you his virtuous abilities know,
You'll fall down and worship Signior Dildo.
John Wilmot, Lord Rochester, the most notorious atheist, libertine, and author of fabulously rude poetry of the seventeenth century. I would have posted something ruder but I don't think the censor would have allowed it.
(14) He was the last great writer to be a major influence on both Catholic and Orthodox churches, yet he was not a member of either.
He is probably the most famous non-Latin writer of the sixth century, yet we do not know his name.
He is most famous for his account of how the individual comes to know God, yet he wrote the justification for medieval social hierarchy in fact, he invented the word hierarchy.
He wrote about truth and reality, yet his writings take the form of one enormous lie.
By what name is he generally known?
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. This author wrote a number of works under the name of Dionysius the Areopagite, a very minor New Testament figure who is mentioned in Acts 17:34 and who tradition said was the first bishop of Athens (and who has often been confused with Denis of Paris). This author actually lived in around AD 500 and was probably a Monophysite. His "apophatic" mysticism, which emphasises the unknowability of God, was enormously influential in both eastern and western Christendom; the theology of Thomas Aquinas is, to a large extent, simply a working out of its basic premise. He also provided the theological justification for ecclesiastical hierarchies, and coined the Greek word "hierarchia" to do so.
(15) The Primrose League was so-called because the primrose was supposedly whose favourite flower?
Benjamin Disraeli. Queen Victoria sent primroses to his funeral, with a card describing them as "his favourite flower", but she may (as usual) have been referring to Prince Albert. When dying, Disraeli had asked not to see the Queen, on the grounds that she would only want him to take a message to Albert.
And the final scores for this one -
Gagliado - 1
DragonLord - 1
RegentMan - 0
jonatas - 4
Serutan - 2
SeleucusNicator - 0
qummik - 2
mitsho - 0
luceafarul - 8
pawpaw - 4
Loulong - 3.5
Luceafarul therefore has the chair. Well done!