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The Fourth Persian-Carthaginian War
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The Fourth Persian-Carthaginian War was, as its name would imply, the fourth conflict between the Persian and Carthaginian peoples, and the final one. The war began on October 6th, 0960 AD, with a formal declaration of war by
Carthage upon
Persia, with alliances formed against by the former against the latter with the
Inca,
Russians, and
Zulu. It was, at the time, the largest war the world had ever seen.
The primary motivation for the war on Carthage's part was the reencroachment of Persia upon the Incense-rich areas of the
Zam Desert. The Persians had begun recolonization of the areas devastated by Carthage during the
Third Persian-Carthaginian War, eventually bringing them back into territorial conflict with one another.
Although other events occured during the years during which the war was fought (typically acknowledged as 0960 to 1270, though some set the start date as 0950 due to obvious preparations taken by Carthage prior to initiating the war) that were of importance, for the sake of clarity this article will focus only on the events relating directly to hostilities. As a preface, a map of the major
campaign routes taken by the various forces will aide in further discussion (not all points of conflict listed):
(Click for larger image - warning: large)
It should be noted that the map is a composite of intelligence gathered by Carthaginian forces throughout the war and does not represent Persia completely accurately in size at any given point in time, nor its population density or infrastructure distribution. It should also be noted that some evidence has indicated the listed
Mongolian advance as actually having been a
cultural revolution, as no records have been found indicating Mongolia declared war on Persia during the time in question.
Since, again, virtually all military records from this time are from Carthaginian sources, little is known of the progress of Carthage's allies in terms of
casualties, only the approximate dates on which they claimed victory over Persian cities. Although some conflict was observed between Persian and Allied forces, these were generally not recorded. For the bulk of this article, only Carthaginian advances will be discussed in great detail.
The initial stages of the war went as planned by the Carthaginian
General Staff, with the destruction of Behistun in 0960, Merv in 0970, Bampur in 0990, and the capture of Tureng Tepe in 1020. During the battles around the city with scattered Persian forces, a great
strategist, Mago, rose to prominence among the Carthaginian forces. His leadership was to prove instrumental.
Under his guidance an
Army of
Knights, much like the the Army of
Swordsmen Carthage already possessed, was assembled. Turenge Tepe was also renamed Forward Base I and used as a temporary outpost from which to launch assaults on Persian forces.
Shortly thereafter, in 1050, the Scandinavians entered the war on behalf of Persia.
Their involvement in the main conflict was rather limited, however, in the global scheme of things, they did manage to capture the city of Ereen in the far south, though the strategic loss to Carthage was minimal at worst. They subsequently exited the war in 1130 with favorable terms to Carthage.
However, despite the string of early victories, Carthage was subject to subsequent Persian
counterattack, resulting in the retaking, repeated loss of, and ultimate abandonment of Forward Base I. This occured simultaneously with the planned deployment of foot soldiers -
Medieval Infantry - toward what the Carthaginian commanders called the "Southern Theatre."
The resulting clashes delayed Carthaginian advancement significantly, until 1160 to be precise, and culminated with Persian forces actually attacking the city of Gigthis in 1140, and attempting a rather unambitious
amphibious assault near the city of Hippo the same year. These were repulsed however, and the conflict hotspot, known then as the "Ghulaman Zone" for the Persian city at its center, and later to historians as the "Southern Atlas Combat Area," finally died down in approximately 1210.
The alliance Carthage had created was renewed with all parties involved in 1160 with dues paid by Carthage for their initiation removed. The Persians were subsequently put back on the
defensive with the destruction of both Ghulaman and Zohak in 1180, and the increasing pressure put on her western borders by Carthage's allies. The last offensive Persian forces mentioned in Carthaginian records were sighted and destroyed in 1200. By that time it appeared Persia had simply been ground down. The earlier scorched earth policy was resumed by Carthage, with the notable exceptions of Herat and Sidon, and the last Persian held city, Arbela, was ultimately taken by Russian forces in 1270.
Persia had effectively ceased to exist as a soverign nation. There are incidentally reports of the Carthaginian Foreign Advisor being saddened by this which continue to perplex historians. Casualty reports, at least for clashes between Persian, Carthaginian, and Viking forces reveal a rather surprising result:
Persia: 98x
- Knights: 21x
- Immortals: 11x
- Archers: 1x
- Pikemen: 19x
- Spearmen: 11x
- Galleys: 1x
- Settlers: 4x
- Workers: 30x
Scandinavia: 2x
- Ancient Cavalry: 2x
Carthage: 21x
- Knights: 6x
- Medieval Infantry: 6x
- Musketmen: 1x
- Numidian Mercenaries: 2x
- Explorer: 1x
- Workers: 5x
Persia suffered approximately 4:1 casualties compared to Carthage when
civilian losses are ignored. This is partly due to the positioning of Carthaginian forces during the war in favorable defensive and
offensive positions, but the true underlying cause for this extraordinary ratio lies in Carthage's use of Armies, which were consistently able to overpower Persian defenders and annihilate isolated Persian offensive elements. Had the disasterous effort to use infantry in the "Southern Theatre" not occured, it is likely this ratio would be even lower. The war is most notable for setting up circumstances which would result in far larger conflicts.
See also: The Dust Wars
Categories:
War
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Persia's dead and gone. It just gets uglier from here. Armies really are superpowered.
