I have a history of soundbites I can recommend?
I would love to read a history of environmentalism and/or ecology. One covering the industrial era to the present would be fantastic, but I would also be curious in pre-industrial environmentalism or interest in sustainability, if it even existed.
But I also want to know if anyone before her thought about things like pollution or depletion of natural resources, for example..
but I really want to have a full knowledge of human history. It will probably take a few years to finish.
This is never going to happen. I had a professor at university who spent 3 decades reading, researching, and writing about the forestry laws of late medieval southwestern England and its impact on society in that region. Setting out to have a "full knowledge of human history", assuming it to take your entire life, let alone just "a few years" is a fools' errand and belies a) an extraordinarily narrow and biased (and Whiggish) view on history, and b) a youthful naïveté, which, while certainly admirable, may be a bit misdirected. It's like declaring you're going to learn every language in the world.
Even then, you'll be reading (and re-reading, that part is important) for decades.
Of course I will. The point is to just get a basic overview.
For all of its history, or for specific chunks?So is there a best 1 volume book about Rome for the non-academic?
What does "basic overview" mean here though? Clearly you mean reading some book of "Chinese History" and another book of "Renaissance Italian History", but 1) what does that entail? Do you just mean "political history" or do you want the social. If it's Italian Renaissance are you just planning on focusing on the big 5 of Venice, Florence, Milan, Rome and Naples, which would necessarily narrow your perception of the peninsula. I mean, hell, even a singular survey of the Italian Renaissance would be pretty woefully reductionist as it wouldn't really convey the complexity of the political mechanisms at play in the period. You can make generalizations about the "rise of the signore" but 1) the rise of the De'Medici was vastly different from the rise of the Da Montefeltro and Visconti and 2) Doesn't apply to a lot of equally interesting and unique cities like Siena. To me, you would conceivably have to read separate books at the very least for Florence, Venice, Rome (especially the urban history of Rome in this period), Naples, Sicily, possibly some specialist books to cover, say, the relationship between the cities within the Papal States and the pope himself, and maybe a book or two on the art itself in this period. I'd probably also recommend at least some separate books on the mercenary invasions and the Italian Wars. And this is just to get a basic overview of Italy for the period of, say, 1420-1600 or thereabouts. And then of course there is the question of how in depth you want to get for regions. Would you read a singular history of Britain, or separate histories of the English Monarchy, Wales, Scotland and Ireland? What about the actual content of the history? Does a history of baseball or Central Asian stringed instruments factor into your "general overview"? What about the Romani or Jewish diasporae, or the development of various languages. I've read a couple books looking solely at the development of the modern Hochdeutsch, and although it did cover some aspects of other Germanic languages such as Gothic and Alemannic, it's primary focus was still one branch of one family of one superfamily of languages.
My point is that it's silly to seek out a "general knowledge of history" because no such thing exists. History can be as narrow, obscure, and niche as you can possibly imagine, and placing value judgments on what and what doesn't constitute "general history" just narrows your view on the subject as a whole.
Rather than creating an ontology or methodology for studying history, the best thing you can do is just figure out what interests you and study that. You'll gain far deeper knowledge by getting invested in a topic and researching it extensively (if even for only a couple months) than you will by reading one survey text for each arbitrarily predetermined "region".
tl;dr: pursue what you're interested in, history is about more than just collecting trivia to spout off at others.
Yeah, this is an unusually hostile reaction. Maybe "full knowledge of history" was a bad way to phrase it, but I can't see anything wrong with attempting to at least have passing familiarity with as much of the world's history as possible. You won't be an expert, but you'll at least have some idea what others are talking about. A historian might need to specialize in Medieval forestry laws, an amateur just needs to know generally what's happening at various points throughout.
One caveat, of course, is you could easily end up with an erroneous interpretation of history. I wouldn't recommend reading Edward Gibbons to learn about the fall of the Roman Empire. I also wouldn't recommend starting with Peter Heather. At the same time, many parts of history do not have a broad consensus even on the basics of what was going on, so a single view could give you a distorted picture. However, if you accept that, do your homework first to find the better authors and do your homework after to find the criticisms of that author, you'll at least have some idea of what's going on. For example, I haven't read Heather's work, but I at least have some idea of what he argues, the traditional Barbarian migration theories, and that this isn't completely settled. But just from reading Halsall's work, I learned quite a bit about late Roman society, Barbarian society, etc. On the other hand, if someone were to start talking about the Song dynasty in China, I would probably give them blank stares because I don't even know enough to have a conversation.