Since none of the experts have answered so far, take a non-expert advice from me:
1.) It sounds like, the BTS does not work anymore, since you have installed the latest patch. And it has worked before, correct?
2.) assuming 1 is true, check the installation location of the 3.17 patch and verify if it hit the correct directory in the CIV/BTS tree
3.) verify that the correct CIV/BTS directory is registered in the windows registry
4.) assuming, that there was no error message displayed, check for an error message in the windows apllication event logs
1. Correct! It worked as 3.01 but after patching it doesn't.
2. I believe Civ4BeyondTheSwordPatch3.17e knows very well where to install. My path is optional and Patch Installer doesn't ask for other path. ALSO! As I can start FfH2 'About This Build' tells it is 3.17.
3. How? And why wouldn't it?
4. I get an error in FfH2 AFTER I press PLAY (the send/don't send -error).
BtS gives no error. It just simply crashes while loading 'Init XML (uncacched)'.
EDIT: This is info of the error I get:
AppName: civ4beyondsword.exe AppVer: 3.0.0.91 ModName: kernel32.dll
ModVer: 5.1.2600.5512 Offset: 00012aeb