The troops of Emperor Charles V. have plundered Rome sometime in the early 16th century. The pope escaped in the St. Angel Castle.
It was so-called "Sacco di Roma" - The Sack of Rome, plundering from May to September 1527.
A.) Causes for the Sack of Rome
Emperor Charles V. had defeated King Francis I. in the Franco-Habsburg War. Francis had been taken prisoner in the Battle of Pavia, and had signed the Treaty of Madrid 1526, which supposedly ended the conflict. Francis I., freshly released, showed no intention to honour his obligations, and instread joined the LEAGUE OF COGNAC (1526), together with Pope Clement VII. and with Venice
B.) The Sack of Rome
Emperor Charles V. felt double-crossed. He lead an army of German mercenaries (Landsknechte), marched on Rome and took the city without meeting much resistance. The mercenaries, among whom were a consuderable number of Lutherans, plundered the city; Pope Clement VII. was terrified, the League of Cognac practically dissolved.
In 1527, the Medici, relatives of Pope Clement VII., were ousted from Florence, for the second time.
C.) The Legacy
In the Peace of Barcelona, Emperor Charles V. had granted favourable conditions to Pope Clement VII. After peace was concluded between the Emperor and France in 1529, Clement VII. formally crowned Charles Emperor. The same year, Emperor Charles V. dispatched an army against the Republic of Florence (which in 1527 had ousted the Medicis - Clement VII. was a Medici. Emperor and pope had turned into allies. In August 1530, after a 10-month siege, the Republic of Florence agreed to the Emperor's terms. In 1533 Pope Clement VII. rejected Henry VIII's application for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon - a close relative of the Emperor.
BTW - "barbarians" as Goths, Vandals etc. NEVER PLUNDERED ROME SO HEAVILY AS "CATHOLIC" TROOPS LEADED BY "CHRISTIAN AND CATHOLIC EMPEROR"
