Congratulations - you found this website a lot faster than I did (I was about to retire my copy of the game when I got stuck in this part of the web... urk, over a year ago).
I am unfamiliar with these games and I must admit it feels a bit akward. The biggest problem that I have had so far, is to keep my people happy. The most common problem I have, is that my people feel that the city is too crowded. Any suggestions to solve this problem are welcome.
I wanted to join the chorus here, as this is a part of the game mechanics that I think is badly explained in the rules.
Within each city, each population comes with one point of unhealthy and one point of unhappy, and there is nothing (short of reducing the population) that you can do to change that. There are additional sources of unhealthy and unhappy that have some remedy available (ex: chopping down jungle reduces the unhealthy effect of the jungle, destroying an enemy eliminates "we yearn for our mother land" unhappiness).
But for the most part, happiness and health are managed by raising the number of plusses that you are collecting, rather than reducing the minuses. Previous contributors have covered the major sources.
Just to make sure that the basics are covered: you can acquire resources in one of two ways. If a resource appears within your cultural borders (which is to say inside your color), and you build the correct improvement on it (mines for gold, farms for rice, fishing boats for sea critters), and connect it to one or more convenient cities (connections run along roads, railroads, and rivers, and along coasts and across oceans with appropriate technologies), then that city, and all of your cities connected to that city, will benefit from the resource.
Alternatively, you can acquire resources in trade from other civs.
A note on the benefits of resources: the bonus from resources is scored once in each city (a city connected to one gold mine is just as happy as a city connected to two gold mines). So your "extra" resources make good trade bait. But if you trade your last gold away, your citizens no longer get the benefit from it - sharing is good, but don't overdo it.
Other suggestions:
1) Concentrate on spaceships first - researching all the way up the tree will help to learn what technologies are there and what they might do.
2) Ancient era starts, Normal game speed, Continents map, and all the defaults should be your standard settings until you know why you are doing something else.
Don't be too proud to launch a few ships on the easiest setting before raising the difficulty level - and be aware that the differences in difficulty level are steep. Many players report finding the game too easy to be interesting at one level, but incompresensibly difficult at the next. Then they learn more, and get over it.
3) While learning how the game works, I recommend playing Hatshepsut. I think her character is best suited towards ensuring that the mechanics of the game don't interfere with a novice player's enjoyment of the game.