After the destruction of the first temple, and WAY after the slavery of the jews by egypt, the babylonians took the hebrews to be scribes and such because at that time the jews had an absurdly high literacy rate. When the babylonians were conquered by the persians the jews were allowed to return and establish the second temple, though they did have some troubles with Haman (BOOOOOO), as told in the story of purim. Considering the fact that the Jews have lived under the domain of the egyptians, hittites, bablylonians, persians, macedonians (Alexander and his generals), romans, muslims, crusaders, ottomans, english, and occasional self rule under, for instance, the maccabee's (Story of Channukah) and the current state of Israel, saying that the Babylonians would be the closest isn't that true. The hittites from anatolia (Ancient Turkey) would probably be the closest, considering the reason that they took the jews to egypt was because of similarities between the conquerers and the previously conquered, but even then saying anything other than say, a Ben Gurion/Judah Maccabee Israel civ is close to israel is somewhat irrelevant, because so many empires have taken control of palestine.