The build-up for war is continuing as of the end of my last update. Economically, Russia is doing superbly - almost all Russian cities have completed improvements affecting the economy or production, and most cities are now producing military units. The one thing I am hesitant to go after (as far as improvements) are science ones. I am doing very well on the tech tree so far, and my gold per turn output is excellent. Once the war with Japan is over, I may switch city production over to improve science output then.
In preparation for war, I tried twice to plant spies in the Japanese capital, but failed both times, in Weeks 25 and 29.
In Week 29, 1898, I complete research on Howitzers I - this tech is useless to me, as it adds no new available units or improvements and is only a path towards researching Chemical Engineering (and Chemical Weapons).
That same turn, war breaks out in the world, this time when Germany declares war on Britain - naturally, Austro-Hungary declares war as well. This works well in my favor. With the Central Powers at war with Britain, they will (hopefully) be too busy to interfere with Russia and the coming attack into Korea.
I am, however, able to plant a spy in Toyko, the following turn, and then am able to steal their war plans:
I discover what I hoped would be true. To be able to reinforce the trenches along the Manchurian-Korean border, the cities in Korea itself are lightly defended. In all, there are 10 Japanese infantry divisions in trenches along the border. The city of Hamhung is the most heavily defended city in Korea, with a garrison of 3 infantry divisions, while both Seoul and Pusan are protected by a single infantry division each. I also discover that the Japanese navy is scattered about all over and not grouped together in squadrons more than a couple of ships each.
So, by Week 45, 1898, all is ready for war.
For this story, I am using a more formatted grouping of divisions as so:
3 divisions will make up a corps
3 corps will make up an army
3 armies will make up an army group or front
Thus, for the outbreak of the Japanese war, I have the following forces:
The Manchurian Army Front: consisting of 3 armies (1st Army, 3rd Army and
the 2nd Manchurian Army, overall command of General Aleksey Kuropatkin - me. A total of 27 divisions)
The Russian 2nd Army: (under the command of General Alexander Koslov aka Arexander, 9 divisions)
The 1st Manchurian Army: (under the command of General Nikolay Linevich - aka nuclearplantlif, 9 divisions)
The overall strategy is fairly simple:
The Manchurian Army Front will attack from their positions west of Vladivostok, with the intial objective to clear and capture the trench works north of Hamhung. Once this is accomplished, the attack on the city of Hamhung can proceed.
The Russian 2nd Army will make an amphibious landing on the Kuril Islands via steam transports from Charbarovsk. The 2nd Army’s objective is to capture the city of Kuril Islands itself.
The 1st Manchurian Army has a difficult task. General Linevich must attack and capture the trenches north of Seoul and occupy the rail and road north and west of Seoul to prevent the Japanese from reinforcing Hamhung from the south.
A formal declaration of war is hand-delivered to the Japanese representative in Saint Petersburg at precisely 1 pm, November 8, 1898. There is no mention in the formal declaration that Russian orders have been dispatched to General Kuroptkin to begin operations at precisely 1.05 pm that very same day.
Situational Map Of Manchurian Front
Opening Moves Week 45, 1898
The first shots fired in the Russo-Japanese War occurs along the eastern coast of Honshu itself, north of Toyko. The 1st Cruiser Squadron had been put on alert more than a month before and set off from Sakhalin to a position in the North Pacific. The squadron had orders to enter Japanese waters after war broke out and to harass Japanese shipping lanes along the eastern coast. On November 11, 1898, the squadron steamed south towards Tokyo:
Map of the Battle
At about 0530 hours, the 1st Squadron sighted the lights of a couple of patrolling Japanese gunships in the shallow coastal waters north of Tokyo. With their deck lights turned off, the Russian ships were able to come onto the enemy out of the darkness; in the cover of the pre-dawn gloom, the Russian squadron reduced speed and approached quietly. Upon approaching to within a mile, at about 0600 hours, the Russian cruiser, Pallada, opened fire on the HJMS Kongo - with this flash of gunfire, the Russo-Japanese War had officially begun. As the Pallada opened fire, the entire Russian squadron turned slightly to starboard on a heading of 225° - the Japanese replied by turning into a heading opposite of the approaching Russians. As the fleets approached each other on slightly converging courses the firing began to grow very heavy. Now within effective range, the Pallada concentrated the fire of her 8” guns on the HJMS Kongo directly. As the gun crews found the range, hits began to come quickly and the dense smoke from the firing soon obscured the cruiser from its target. Yet, several hits were registered on the Kongo, which began listing severely to port.
Pallada Under Fire
The accurate fire from the Pallada were so great that the Kongo was unable to turn away before suffering two more hits to aft and much of the deck was aflame. Despite the damage inflicted on the Japanese vessel, several hits were also made on the Pallada. When the two ships had closed to within 3,300 yards, the Kongo fired a torpedo salvo - the Pallada received a severe hit below the water line (2/4 hp), which forced her to turn north and beat a hasty retreat. As the Pallada steamed out of range, the order was given at 0632 hours for the Kongo to be abandoned by her captain, and she sunk a half an hour later.
Meanwhile, at around 0645 hours, the torpedo boat, Byedovi held back at a slightly slower speed to engage the HJMS Hiei with its smaller 2.95” guns at long range. The HJMS Hiei had completed its turn to starboard and was passing within the firing range of the Russian ship. Despite the constant fire from the Byedovi, the Hiei made its evolution and rapidly withdrew out of range, but not before suffering several hits (reduced to ½ hp). The slower moving Byedovi was forced to end its pursuit of the fleeing Japanese vessel.
At about 0650 hours, the last two combatants closed within effective range and both the HJMS Fuso and the Storozhevoi exchanged salvos at 1,500 yards. The initial Japanese fire proved to be quite accurate and the Storozhevoi suffered direct hits - it looked as if she would be sunk within a few minutes; in fact, she began to list to port slightly and took on water towards the aft (took 1/3 hp). A few gun crews bravely continued to fire the smaller 2.95” guns in a gallant display of heroism. As the two ships passed each other to within 1,00 yards, a chance shell ripped through the Fuso's steering and engine room, causing her to circle out of control. The Storozhevoi continued to pound away at the dying Japanese ship, scoring several more hits. The Fuso was soon abandoned with the realization that she was a wreck and would sink. By 0719 hours, the remaining crew had climbed into lifeboats and the Fuso turned up onto its bow and sank quietly into the depths.
Battered and bruised, the squadron limped back north and began steaming for port.
The Battle of Sudong
Meanwhile, at Vladivostok, General Kuropatkin had spent the past months in preparation of the war by massing the Manchurian Army Front near Vladivostok. Kuropatkin’s army commanders had been at odds with the invasion plans, fearing the recent massing of Japanese troops along the Korean-Manchurian border would cause serious delays to the advance on Hamhung. Therefore, it was decided to re-organize the operational plans to include a staged advance from Vladivostok along a 50 mile front, with the goal of occupying the trench-laden hills overlooking the city of Hamhung to the north:
Map of the Battle
At precisely 1.10 pm, November 8, 1898, the 2nd Manchurian Army left its staging areas along the rail lines west of Vladivostok. The crossing of the Korean border was met with no opposition from the Japanese, who opted to remain behind their extensive lines of trenches along the hills to the south. Of the 2nd Manchurian Army’s five divisions selected for the attack, the 27th Infantry Division was advancing from a line of Russian trenches on the Russian far left flank, to assault the enemy eastern-most defenses in a wide flanking maneuver. The 2nd Siberian Rifles, 16th Infantry and 21st Infantry divisions were to assault the center of the Japanese line by frontal assault. On the far right flank of the Russian line, the 3rd Manchurian Rifles was to make a wide outflanking move around the western end of the Japanese line.
At about 3.20 pm, the forward Russian artillery began shelling the Japanese trenches with some effect and was soon joined by the massive booms of naval guns from the Russian Far East Fleet, just to the east.
The 27th Infantry faced the Japanese 11th Infantry Division dug into the trenches opposite the Russians. The enemy general’s orders had been to counter-attack at the east end of the line to break up any Russian assaults in his sector, but this apparently was thwarted by confusion over orders. The 27th Infantry caught the Japanese unaware in their wide flank attack, overrunning the enemy position with relative ease (took 3/5 hp from the attack).
A little to the west, the 2nd Siberian Rifles division opened its assault at about 3.30 pm near the center of the Japanese line, defended by the Japanese 2nd Infantry division. In the initial assault, the Russians managed to overrun the first two lines of trenched but the third one held. Casualties were heavy on both sides, but Major-General Tretyakov (commander of the 2nd Siberian Rifles) pushed his assault further. With half the defenders killed or wounded, the rest were seized by panic and many ran for their lives. Tretyakov was able to occupy the enemy position, but at the cost of about 2/5th of his divisional strength (suffered 3/5 hp).
Japanese Positions in Front of the 16th Infantry Division
In the Russian center, the 16th Infantry division assaulted the center of the enemy line at about 3.50 pm, held by ad-hoc garrison troops. Although outnumbered by almost 3 to one (the garrison unit had only 2 hp), and not nearly trained as a front-line unit (was a 1.10.1 defensive unit), the Russian 16th Infantry was caught before they could barely leave their positions, Caught by accurate fire, and unable to disperse to find cover, they were cut to pieces (unit was destroyed).
Determined to take the enemy position, the 21st Infantry division was ordered forward at around 4.30 pm. The Japanese again defended strongly against successive waves of Russians, who advanced through the torn-up earth and ravines piled high with the corpses of the proceeding waves. Yet, this stubbornness to continue such a bloody frontal assault began to pay off (the 21st infantry suffered 2/5 hp), and slowly the forward enemy trenches were occupied and by 5.23 pm, the last of the Japanese defenders had surrendered.
The final push of the overall attack came at about 7 pm on the far right flank of the Japanese line. The 3rd Manchurian Rifles division had been marching for several hours in a wide flanking maneuver to get around the enemy position. Some time after dusk, the Russian fell onto the unaware Japanese. By 8pm, the enemy trenches were fully occupied and now the Russian troops could look down onto the city of Hamhung itself.
Though the initial attack played out swiftly and with light casualties, the overrall advance of the 1st Manchurian Army Front will have to be put hold until the artillery cna be moved forward to firing positions onto Hamhung itself.
Other News From the Front
Farther to the south, near Seoul, General Linevich began his advance across the Korean border and by November 17th, his 1st Manchurian Army had reached the enemy trenches portecting the western approaches of Seoul itself. With orders to take these very same defensive positions, Linevich began a slow process of maneuvering his artillery into position to begin to shell the trenches. However, as the month drew to a close, it seemed that no action would take place for at least another week.
To the north, General Koslov's 2nd Army made a completely unapposed amphibious landing on the Kuril Islands. The Japanese inside the city made no attempts to hamper the Russian landings; yet, after the initial landings however, apart from a few tentative steps inland, not much advantage was taken of the situation and most troops stayed on, or not far from, the beaches.