Patterns in Prehistoric Population Migrations

[Domen]

If hair in human remains did not survive in a skeleton, it is still possible to estimate hair colour analyzing DNA.

And in human remains from Europe prior to R1 arrival blond(e) hair was not identified so far, only in R1 populations:

http://forums.civfanatics.com/showthread.php?p=13452324#post13452324

Some examples are here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronovo_culture#Ancient_DNA

Out of 10 human male remains assigned to the Andronovo horizon from the Krasnoyarsk region, 9 possessed the R1a Y-chromosome haplogroup and one the haplogroup C-M130 (xC3). mtDNA haplogroups of nine individuals assigned to the same Andronovo horizon and region were as follows: U4 (2 individuals), U2e, U5a1, Z, T1, T4, H, and K2b.

90% of the Bronze Age period mtDNA haplogroups were of west Eurasian origin and the study determined that at least 60% of the individuals overall (out of the 26 Bronze and Iron Age human remains' samples of the study that could be tested) had light hair and blue or green eyes.[18]

Here is where those people lived (Southern Russia and Kazakhstan):

http://forums.civfanatics.com/showthread.php?p=13455929#post13455929


Link to video.

Arkaim was one of their important settlements:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkaim

 

[Domen]

Helena Malmström, "Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians":

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/publications/articles/2009/Malmstrom_CB09_PWC_Mod_Scan.pdf

Through analysis of DNA extracted from ancient Scandinavian human remains, we show that people of the Pitted Ware culture were not the direct ancestors of modern Scandinavians (including the Saami people of northern Scandinavia) but are more closely related to contemporary populations of the eastern Baltic region. Our findings support hypotheses arising from archaeological analyses that propose a Neolithic or post-Neolithic population replacement in Scandinavia.

And here a graph illustrating immigration of Neolithic farmers into the British Isles (inhabited by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers):

"0" means the beginning of agriculture, years with minus (like -1000) are years before agriculture; then we have years after agriculture:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143272/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143272/figure/pone-0105730-g004/