The opener is +10% city healing, attack, and defense. I wouldn't say this is much less powerful than +3 from the Piety opener
I would. This is very weak. Happiness is always useful. City defense, less so.
The Piety opener is also weak, but it is early game.
Which policies are you referring to? These values in the Freedom tree are identical in v117 and v117.2:
Specialist value (-1)
Specialist value (-0.5)
I'm not comparing v117 to 117.2, I'm comparing to the old version of the tree before all the changes, what we have had for the last month or so.
The -1 food is a bit unclear to me; in some places I think I saw you put it as -0.5 at other places -1. I think this may be because of some confusion over "half food per specialist" and "-0.5 food per specialist" which are different things, but I think I have seen both in different places. If it is still -1 food per specialist and -0.5 unhappiness per specialist, then I agree that this is unchanged and withdraw my comment.
The only two changes to values are replacements with effects of approximately equal usefulness for different purposes
I disagree that they are of equal value. +3 production empire-wide per city state alliance is not very useful at all in many cases.
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Not worth responding to the other stuff, not very productive. But yeah, I don't like appeals to authority.
I made what I thought was a constructive reply by proposing an alternative.
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Freedom players are more likely to ally with citystates than Order players, since Freedom directly opposes Autocracy, and Autocracy/Order have synergy.
This argument remains odd to me. There are many, many times when a Freedom player will not be using many city states. It sounds like you have decided that there should be a city-state policy outside of Patronage and are deciding where to put it, but that is an odd way to do design. There is nothing about Freedom that is inherently linked to city states. There is nothing about Autocracy or Order that prevents you from having city states. There is nothing about Order that means you will necessarily have Autocracy (Order is for wide empires which will have fewer policies).
Freedom enhances self-creation of Great People, while Patronage gives us the capability to do so through alternative sources. I enjoy tension such as this between divergent policy paths. It means there's no "best" choice to always go for. This improves our strategic options.
I do not understand how this is an argument that says Freedom should have a city-state related policy.
I have not seen a convincing reason to revert this back to Order.
I don't think you should revert it to order, I think you should remove it entirely. If you put it in Order, it is less painful because it is easier to skip. And I think an engineer-boosting policy in order has very low value, but is quite valuable in Freedom.
In a normal sized map of 8 players there are 16 citystates. Assuming a third of those are unavailable for some reason, most tall-empire games have 10 citystate allies in the Renaissance era.
I find this reasoning to be very odd. Why do you assume that a single player is able to monopolize 2/3 of the city state alliances as a standard feature? In an 8 player game on average a player will have 1/8 of the city states, or 2. Suppose you'll have more with a Tall strategy - twice as much, so 4. Not 10.
10 alliances requires a huge amount of gold, and a very city-state oriented strategy, particularly on high difficulty levels where you may have to have 200-250+ influence points to hold onto an alliance in the face of other bidders.
It may be that your playstyle does this, but there is nothing inherent about a Tall Empire that supports this.
I included Libertarianism because it's one of the fundamental political categories
In a modern western liberal democracy, maybe, but I don't think it is quite fair to generalize like that from history, where values have been very different. Through most of history no-one would ever have thought of libertarianism as appearing in their political framework, the concept would have been alien. Even now it is fairly alien outside parts of the English-speaking world.
And we've never seen a libertarian country, ever. So it seems odd to me.
I daresay liberalism is more influential (and more key to enlightenment-era Freedom flavor) than libertarianism has ever been. Most non-radical libertarianism is also incorporated into either a liberal (social) or conservative (economic) framework.
I think it is fine that Piety blocks Rationalism, and I think Rationalism and Freedom are fine as policy names.
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In theory there should be some games where you don't fill out a single tree. Is that likely now?
I think the problem here is that the free Finishers are as good or better than an actual policy pick. I think the finishers should be a moderate-value bonus, not an entire free policy.
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How is it the most specialized victory type? I don't follow.
A fast cultural victory will involve lots of use of artist specialists and landmarks and prioritizing culture buildings. It involves a lot of long-term planning in how you play, whereas science or diplomatic are not very specialized, you can just play at increasing your power generally and then achieve one of them.
Cultural victories are in some sense "easier" because they are solipsistic; you can achieve them on your own, and they are hard for other players to stop. All you have to do is not get conquered.