There's no evidence that there is a "tech effect". You're just inventing things.
Ahriman the "tech effect" is the fact that the Tank is Str 50 and the Longswordsman is Str 10.
The reason the game designers GIVE them those stats is because the Tank is a higher tech unit.
So.. Given the amount of Extra technology I had to invest to get a Tank v. a Longswordsman, I should get a more Effective unit...
The Question is how Much more effective
Why not just put my effort into production+gold and make the number of Longswordsmen that will do as much damage as a tank would before dying.
Basically the Question is
1 Tank ~ X Longswordsmen
What is X?.. the answer is in the Str, but it is buried by a complicated combat mechanism
A tank is Probably not 5x as good as a Longswordsman because that would not be a good enough reward for the technology that you invested to get the tank (which I referred to as the "tech effect" as in high tech unit should be better)
The Str Implies that it is 5x as good, but it almost certainly isn't, that amount is too low.
The combat mechanics in Civ 4 made this a very complex question.... Modern Armor v. Mace. 40 to 8.. even if you ignore the first strike it is complicated, but it is somewhere amout 25 (a square relationship)
The "damage done" was a fairly complicated calculation... Tank does 2x as much damage/shot, Mace does 1/2.
The "too hit" odds were a bit simpler... Tank hits 5x as often as the Mace
Then there is the uniqueness of how damaged unit strength was handled.
Hopefully their combat model is MUCH simpler than that... Civ 2's combat model wa already too complicated.
They may have removed the problem of damaged unit Strength
A Simple model if they want a Square relationship is
Units take damage = Strength of the enemy unit/ The unit's Strength * some factor
Throw in a Random multiplier for whichever side gets the disadvantage (they take 2x damage) and you have a simple system that allows a Tank (50) to be 25x a good as a Longswordsman (10) which seems like a reasonable amount.
Its not worse, because the rifle doesn't die! It just takes a tiny bit of damage.
Who says it is a Tiny bit? and who says the Rifle won't die?
Civ 1-4 Spear v. Tank
Spear has small chance of surviving
Tank has a small chance of dying
Civ 5 Archer v. Rifle
Archer has a 100% chance of taking 0 damage
Rifle has a small chance of dying