Thanks for the post, Five Rings.
I'm quite happy to wait for you to have a look at the save. As per your points above;
(1.) If Edirne had another population point and another farm up right now, then it could
just make it by running the two Priests, but it will take time to grow the population and build the farm (involving taking the citizens off Priest duty and on to farms), and that will take too much time. We can self-research it now by running at 60%

, but a Library in Istanbul and a few Scientists there would give the tech' rate an important further boost.
(2.) I am assuming that we're going to be in turns of '25 years per turn' for a while yet, therefore we have 57 turns to deal with Alexander (now that Cyrus mightn't attack him at all; "
We couldn't betray our close friends"), and 59 turns to deal with Ramesses. Because they're remote, we will need to tackle one sooner than that, and then swing the army over to the other side of our empire to deal with the other in time.
(3.) In terms of global diplomacy, it's likely to be quite tough to make anything much work, as there's so much 'warmonger respect' floating around and now it seems that just about everyone (that is; Mansa Musa, Saladin, Cyrus, and Ramesses) has Hereditary Rule as their favourite civic, so they're giving each other positive modifiers for that too. So brace yourself for this ... in our 'random personalities' game; Mansa Musa, Saladin, Cyrus, and Ramesses are
all from this list of leaders whose favourite civic is Hereditary Rule;
Alexander, Catherine, Huyana Capac, Louis XIV, and Ragnar.
I suppose one thing in our favour is that we can jump into Hereditary Rule ourselves, and start gaining a little favour that way. Maybe Cyrus will start trading with us, for instance (Metal Casting <> Construction ?).
I would largely ignore Kublai Kahn. He's down to three cities and is a 'builder' by nature I'm guessing. We should keep some units in Turfan in case he gets a bit 'bold' (maybe even Walls), but a counter-strike seems unlikely to me ('famous last words?'

).
(4.) I just don't know what to do about Saladin, but I think that our first order of business should be to work toward a Catapult - War Elephant army, and the 'who' might become apparent later. If I had to make a choice right now, I'd go for Ramesses (look at those Wonders in Thebes!) who's starting to get a bit of momentum on both the power chart and in score. I think Egypt will be a bit tougher than Greece, but taking Greece will give us borders with Persia, which could be another headache.
I'm starting to think that the era of pumping out Axes for invasion purposes is pretty well past us. They make handy counter units to other Axes, Phalanxes, and Macemen, but I see War Elephants and Catapults as the foundation of our next invasion.
(5.) Edirne looks like a good unit pump. We haven't quite got that Level 4 unit yet, but could get one with the next conflict as woopdeedoo pointed out as we're close to our first Great General who could be attached to a unit. I have other thoughts on city specialisation, but am curious on the roster's views.
(6.) I'll hold off doing a pre-play plan until FiveRings has checked out the game and woopdeedoo can offer some reflective thoughts on her turnset.
Key points for me would be to flip into Hereditary Rule, try to get Construction out of Cyrus, build a Chariot to check out Egypt, continue to build up Istanbul as a science hub, press on with Divine Right. Archers and Chariots are pretty cheap for Hereditary Rule happiness, so I'd be looking to knock out a few of these from some of our more

-focused cities so we can get our population up a bit ... and let's face it, on a warmonger-heavy map, some protection in our border cities wouldn't be a bad move.