In ancient times, humanity understood that the world was round, grammar, mathematics & geometry are understood. There had been naval explorations around Africa, philosophers had proposed a wide range of theories about the universe without the fear of being torn apart and set on fire by a swarm of fanatics, there was trade with China and the east, art had perspective and anatomy, Urban life flourished, and life expectancy for a citizen was
at least 45 (the retiring age of a legionary) if you made it past 5.
Flash-forward to the European dark ages: Humanity believes the world is flat, proposing anything out of the ordinary is a ticket to death, urban life collapses, walled fortresses guarding farmlands are the population centers, learning shifts to secluded monasteries of translation and repetition, feudalism( very real, historical system of fief holding and oaths of allegiance through military aid. ) Art dropped in quality to the point of crude religious cartoons.
Average life span for the peasant: 30.
What am I not seeing?
But "the" Renaissance was primarily driven by Italians, wasn't it?
Renaissance, i believe, means 're-birth' in Latin or Italian. Of Roman and Ancient ideas. There was an Italian and a northern European renaissance.