大曛帝國
Empire of the Great Xun
Great Twilight Empire
"The people are of supreme importance; the altars of the gods of earth and grain come next; last comes the ruler. That is why he who gains the confidence of the multitudinous people will be Emperor... When a feudal lord endangers the altars of the gods of earth and grain, he should be replaced. When the sacrificial animals are sleek, the offerings are clean and the sacrifices are observed at due times, and yet floods and droughts come by the agency of heaven, then the altars should be replaced." - Mencius
Government
Celestial Absolute Monarchy - The Great Xun is ruled by an Emperor called "Huangdi" who claims to be the Blessed Progeny of Heaven. The succession is restrained to members of the Qiu family, rulers of the Xun Dynasty, and allows men and women to inherit property and pass on the name of the imperial house. The Emperor rules with the assistance of a bureaucracy, a system called
guanliao zhi, operated by elite counselors, who must pass tests in theology, history, and martial skill to gain office. The counselors help operate the organs of the imperial state, but large portions of the empire are ruled by nobility who pay tax to prefectorial governors who are usually local lords that have been granted a viceroyalty by the emperor. The highest rank of this landed nobility that is not of the Imperial Dynasty is the
gōng, equivalent to a medieval European duke. Throughout the realm, most
gōng are descended from warrior families that served the Qiu during the era of conquest. Of the
gōng, particularly prestigious are the
hóu, who were entrusted with border realms and whose freedom to pursue their own policy and build their own armies allows them to handle local threats in an empire the size of the Great Xun.
History
The Empire of the Great Xun originated from the fiefs and properties of a Xibei tribe in Dunhuang called Qiu. It is alleged that, in ancient times, Dunhuang was part of a great empire of all under heaven known as China, and that this empire was destroyed by man's hubris. In the deserts, steppes, and mountains of Hexi, the Qiu made their legacy as a family of warlords, commanding ever-growing armies of mounted warriors that swept over their enemies like a flood. The exact history of the Qiu, for this reason, is unclear;
The Annals of Qiu describe an "era of conquest" during which the majority of the Great Xun's realm was acquired. Emphasizing nepotism and installing regional landed governors in conquered realms, the merciless mounted armies of the Qiu established a large steppe empire in three lifetimes, starting with Hua the Conqueror, continuing with Ling the Great, and finishing with Mingyue the Wise.
Hua the Conqueror is so-called for first rallying her army in Dunhuang and conquering first the lands of Yutian and then the Tibetan plateau, defeating the legendary Zhangbo warriors in the Battle of Keshenmier and defeating and killing the King of Yarkand in personal combat. Her system of conquest and her genius for battle allowed her to carve out a kingdom and dispatch her rivals so that by the time she passed away and was succeeded by her second son, Qiu Ling Mao, the realm was already quite secure. Despite some scheming nobility who had served Hua with distinction and sought to usurp the realm after her death, Ling broke their backs through deft political maneuvering and statecraft. Ling formalized the Laws of the Realm that insured appropriate punishments for treasonous scheming as well as instituted the first high offices of state. After ten years on the throne, Ling led armies in further conquests that extended the dominion of the Qiu over Transoxiana. After his death, he was posthumously named Ling the Great.
But it wasn't until the ascension of Qiu Mingyue that the Great Xun was formed. Mingyue was a learned scholar, an avid collector of books and relics from the old times; a hobby that aroused quite a great deal of suspicion among the faithful superstitious. However, her key interest was theology, and she contributed her translations and readings of ancient Chinese and Indian philosophy to a new liturgy; these contributions doused a great deal of criticism that claimed she was delving into occultism, by wisely focusing on practical questions regarding government and society. She expounded a great deal on the works of Han Feizi, Confucius, Mencius, and energized a revival of
fa jia philosophy. It was expected that the
gōng of the realm read and memorize these works if they were to sit on Mingyue's personal council; those who did were empowered with proselytizing this philosophy as well as the important concept of the Mandate of Heaven, which Mingyue claimed the House of Qiu had a right to.
It was this claim that laid the foundations of the current Xun state. She named her family's dynasty
Xun meaning twilight or sunset, as her realm was west of historical China, which clearly was no longer ruled by a mandate of heaven anyway. To support the apparatus of spreading
fa jia ideology, she created an administrative cadre of scholar-nobility to spread her teachings as well as operate the levers of state. Thus was the Great Xun established, the Mandate of Heaven claimed, and the apparatus of a new ideological government laid down. She moved her capital to Samarkand, building a mighty palace there that would be the seat of the heavenly government, called Xunjing (曛京; Capital of the Xun).
It has been three generations from Mingyue the Wise, the Yiquan Empress (一權皇帝). In the intervening time, the Great Xun has been occupied with lesser conquests and expeditions, attempting to dominate the Sindh river valley as well as the lands of Delhi in the south, and conquer the Pontic Steppe in the west, stopping at the swamps of Zaphorozhie and the forests of Moscovia (where the Xun's horse armies dare not tread). The Great Xun has also occasionally been occupied with internal rebellions, peasant uprisings, bandit incursions, and rival empires, but has thus far triumphed against all comers.
Now, in the reign of Qiu Yixuan, the Shanzhi Empress (善智皇帝), the Great Xun rules a large steppe empire with a formally established bureaucratic apparatus organized under
fa jia philosophy and adapted forms of Chinese folk religion. Although many subjects do not subscribe to this religion, the tenets of
fa jia are widespread and understood, and the authority of the Empress brooks little dissent. The descendants of the ruling nobility and their traditions, language, and communities constitute an ethnicity that calls itself
Mūse, largely descended from Xibeiren and Sichuanese, and substantially different from the majority of the Empire's subjects. A balancing act between moral purity and pragmatic tolerance defines most of the government's effort to handle local traditions, as above all else, the Great Xun values peace, harmony, and prosperity in the realm. So long as order is kept and trade money flows, all is well.
