Btw, my PoD was with Kornilov's coup starting earlier, before it was too late for it to work.
What if Germany had won WWI?
Why do you think Hitler couldn't have risen? And besides, I suspect something worse will come. Ofcourse, it depends on WHEN the war is over. IMHO, Germany's best (and nearly the only) chance for victory was in 1918. In 1918, they were also however quite greedy, wanting to take a real bloody lot of land. Much more then they could hold. Macro-Yugoslavia soon after the victory. Possibility of Karl Liebknecht creating the EU, for better or worse...
What if the Allies had still won WWI, but Italy had stayed with the Central Powers?
Nah, why bother. More like colonies being taken away and reparations and stuff. Possibly an Entante Abyssinia.
What if the Spanish Armada had succeeded in invading England?
So? Suppose they land. Naval harassment of supplies by Dutch and English ships, determined (if outnumbered, though I am not even sure about that) resistance by English troops, and even if they somehow succeed in seizing and holding large parts of England it will be another Netherlands for them, only bigger and with worse supply situation.
What if the Mongols had overrun many parts of France, and many French nobles (and lotsa refugees) fled to the Levant?
I doubt the Mongol capability of doing that, and that French nobles/refugees would really want (or be able) to flee to some god-forsaken holy land... Some will live with the Mongols, other will go to Italy and France. Also, Crusader states are really not viable. I don't think any more idiots joining in will allow them to hold back the Muslims - rather, it will only make the economy worse off, and the Muslims will finish them off earlier.
We mentioned numerous times in this thread the idea of if Greece was conquered by Persia, the Allied Greeks would flee to Syracuse and expand from there. I want to elaborate on this. A united Greek empire in Sicily, later retaking Greece? How would this affect the Rise of Rome?
Retake Greece? Why? I think Syracusean Empire will be too busy fighting with Carthage. It DOES get interesting when it comes to Rome, as Sicily COULD be a great naval power. On the other hand, Carthage and Rome might ally against them and crush them.