The World of 2005:
First of all, some minor but interesting notes. First space satellite was launched by Russia on April 1st 1984 (oddly, nobody seemed to believe that...). First man in space was an Indian, Indir Petal, on Janaury 11th 1993. A game series rather similar to Civilization did recently appear, it is called "Statecraft". An alternate history forum (note that by 2005, large parts of the internet's "WWW" (as it would've been called in OUR world) were monopolized under an international internet corparation, leaving only minor state internet in most countries) later gave birth to a forum game known as "WoD, or World of Difference", which is not too different from a NES.
Now to the geopolitical situation:
There are seven nations in North America: Confederacy of Canada, Republic of Quebec, Republic of Newfoundland, United States of America, Federal Republic of Mexico, United States of Central America and Haitian Confederation. All those nations are members of the North American Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the Free Trade Zone that goes along with it. All of those nations have multi-party democracy and are, for the most part, currently dominated by Social Democratic parties of varying degrees of power.
There are seven nations in South America: Venezuelan Republic, United States of Peru, United States of Bolivia, Republic of Paraguay, People's Republic of Chile, People's Republic of Argentina and Brazilian Federation. Apart from the People's Republics, the South American nations are members of the South American Free Trade Zone. The People's Republics are members of the Socialist Republican Alliance (SRA) together with People's Republic of Iberia and People's Republic of (East) Timbuktu. Venezuela is a presidential dictatorship, as is Paraguay. PRC and PRA are monoparty limited democracies politics-wise but are socialist economy-wise. Other nations are largely rightist multi-party democracies.
There are nineteen nations in Europe: Irish Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain, French Sixth Republic, People's Republic of Iberia, Kingdom of Netherlands, Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden, Kingdom of Denmark, German Federation, Swiss Confederation, Italian Republic, Polish Republic, Federation of Czechia-Slovakia, Confederated Hungarian Empire, Romanian Republic, Yugoslav Confederation, Kingdom of Greece, Russian Democratic Empire. Russia, Poland and Czechia-Slovakia are members of the Pan-Slavic Organization. Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and Belgium are members of the Hannover Pact (free trade, open borders). Most monarchies within Europe ("Kingdom of"s and Hungary) are very limited parliamentarian monarchies, often with Social-Democratic/Liberal majorities (exception is Conservative-dominated Greece). Russia is an Emperor-less Empire, with a regent elected for life but with very limited powers (somehow stronger then the British monarch, but not significantly so). France is one of the most leftist nations in Europe, not counting Iberia which is a monoparty limited democracy and actually is more of a dictatorship (and, ofcourse, socialist). The most rightist state in Europe is either Greece, either Italy. Yugoslav Confederation is rather loose, with freedom of religion AND with autonomous religious-ethnic non-Yugoslav provinces (Albania and West Bosnia). There are strong separatist groups in: Ulster, Corsica, Slovakia, Austria, Transylvania, Finland and Lithuania, the first one and the latter two being the most violent ones.
There are fifteen nations in Africa: Federation of Maghrib, Egyptian Islamic Republic, Fulani Republic, (West) Timbuktu Republic, People's Republic of (East) Timbuktu, Federation of Chad, Greater Liberian Republic, Kingdom of Gold Coast, Nigerian Federation, Congolese Democratic Republic, Rhodesian Commonwealth, South African Republic, Tanzanian Imperial Republic, Republic of Madagascar and Empire of Abyssinia. Only Maghrib, Egypt and Rhodesia out of these are real republics. Ethiopia and Gold Coast are parliamentary monarchies, but their pearliaments don't have as much power as their European counterparts. Africa is currently stabilizing after the 1990 Revolutions, but it is still filled with economic, social and health problems (that are not as bad as in OTL, though). Egypt, Maghrib, Fulan and West Timbuktu are members of the Tunisian Pact. Angola is an autonomous province of South Africa (currently still ran by white supremacists). Rhodesia is a loose federation with recent establishment of racial equality.
There are five nations in West Asia (Middle East): Turkish Republic, Kurdistani Republic, United Islamic Republic (Syria, Lebanon, Iraq), Secular Federation of Judea-Palestine and Arabic Confederation. All those are actual republics, though Kurdistan has only recently became such. SFJP is a bi-lingual, bi-religious Arabic-Jewish state. There is talk of uniting UIR, SFJP and AC into one nation, but thus far the supporters of that idea only managed to get them to create a free-trade zone (which is actually quite an achievement...). Kurdistan is largely xenophobic (don't go there, Xen.

), while in Turkey there is a fairly large amount of nationalist activists who want to unify Anatolia under Turkey.
There are four nations in Mainland East Asia (Far East): Indian Commonwealth, Greater Chinese Republic, Korean Republic and Indochinese Federation. All those are democracies of varying degrees and regional autonomy (China, apart from Manchuria, is very centralized, while Indochina is quite decentralized). Indian-Indochinese border is currently the most heavily-fortified and explosive border in the world, despite the truce that ended the Second Siamese War in 1973. There is also much tension between GCR and Russia, while Pakistanis occasionally rebel in India. However, all-in-all this is a rapidly developing and prospering region.
There are four nations in Maritime East Asia (Australasia and Japan): Japanese Empire, United States of Philippines, Kingdom of Sabah and Australasian Federation. Sabah is one of the last absolute monarchies in the world. Japan is much like in OTL, but with a larger army/navy. Australasian Federation is a federation of Australia, New Zeeland and East New Guinea and is the best example of succesful "integrationalism".
USA, Netherlands and Russia are the world's last colonial powers, but Netherlands is currently beginning the process of evacuating Indonesia due to bursts of terrorist activity.
The Russian Senate is bitterly polarized between liberals and conservatives/nationalists, with the former granting more ethnic autonomy, or even independance, to the Baltic States, Finland and some Asian territories, and the later saying that this undermines the Russian power and allows opportunistic powers to expand into those territories, hint-hint China.
USA is also polarized, between isolationists and "peace-keepers". The latter are often reminded by the former of what happened to France.
I will tell you more about any nation's history/current situation if you ask. Please, do ask, I like answering such questions.
I hope somebody one day uses this as a setting.