Globals:
Building production global was reduced to 90.
SM Units have modifier of 70 and projects have modifier of 100.
Techs have modifier of 320.
Handicaps:
For player construction and research costs are now 100 - this means Nightmare game is as fast as Noble for Player.
AI will build/research/create at different speeds.
Now game pacing doesn't depend on handicap anymore - only difficulty.
AI trains, researches and builds at different rates.
Map size:
Technically larger maps are at advantage, as bigger maps have slower research.
Steps go from 85 from Duel to 120 from Gigantic by 5 units.
Eras
Research costs go from 1 to 1.65 in 0.5 steps.
Same with construction costs.
This means for prehistoric construction cost modifier was raised from 0.7 to 1 - that is buildings are 43% more expensive in prehistoric era.
Old - New:
0,7- 1; 43% more expensive
0,8 - 1.05; 31% more expensive
0,9- 1,1; 22% more expensive
1- 1,15; 15% more expensive
1,1 - 1,2; 9% more expensive
1,2 - 1,25; 4% more expensive
1,3 - 1,3; For Modern era costs are unchanged
1,4 - 1,35; 4% less expensive
1,5 -1,4; 7% less expensive
1,6 -1,45; 10% less expensive
1,7- 1,5; 13% less expensive
1,8 - 1,55; 16% less expensive
1,9 - 1,6; 19% less expensive
2 - 1,65 - Future Era, can't be actually reached even if you research future tech.
Game Speeds:
All modifiers are exactly proportional to game turns.
Upscaled Costs will increase train/construct/improvement cost by 40%.
I suggest we lower global construction cost modifier to counter 40% increase of building cost in prehistoric era.
100/1.43 = 70
This way upscaled costs option would make sense.
That is if we don't want to touch entire era arc.
Then if players consistently run out of things to build on Normal/Noble/Standard then globals could be adjusted.
Raw cost of Saddler/Animal Riding: 98

/52

Production cost depend only on game speed, era and global modifier. Not including Upscaled Costs
Technology cost depend on game speed, era, map size and global modifier. Not including Beeline Stings.
Saddler and its unlocking tech costs on V38 release:
Settler/Duel/Normal: 32

/5

Noble/Standard/Normal: 40

/52

Nightmare/Gigantic/Eternity: 496

/3380
Saddler and its unlocking tech costs on SVN 9974:
Settler/Duel/Normal: 88

/141

Noble/Standard/Normal: 88

/166

Nightmare/Gigantic/Eternity: 880

/1996

Normal has 2x more turns and Eternity has ~2.4x more turns though.
Reducing map size factor for research cost and moving production/research handicaps had biggest impact here.