Txurce
Deity
a) You do have to give things up. If you go down the Honor tree, then Honor is pretty useless unless you are at war. So you are forced into a warmonger style to use the policies, and so you have to give up a peaceful playstyle, with for eg science boost from lots of DoFs.
What do you think you should have to give up? I don't really see what you have in mind here.
b) The one thing that does worry me a bit; I haven't tested spoils of war yet, but while gold from fighting is fine, I am a bit worried about culture from fighting. To me, culture should have to come from peaceful infrastructure development. You should not be able to get culture from fighting. Now, get gold from fighting, and use that to buy culture buildings? That's ok - but you still have to research the culture techs to unlock those buildings. Culture without the culture techs seems unwise.
c) It sounds like really the main issue is that you guys think Spoils of War is potentially too strong. But that's a balance issue, not a design issue. I can't comment, I haven't tested it yet.
a) When I play for a Science or Culture victory, I remain largely peaceful, and develop my civ in a way that leads toward a strong result in my chosen focus... but not both. When I take the warmonger route, and consequently choose Honor and Autocracy along with select other policies, I do not appreciably hurt my chances for a strong Culture or Science win. (This isn't saying it's just as good an approach - just good enough to win consistently at Emperor.)
The main reason for this is that expansion creates the population necessary for a high beaker rate, and gold allows me to buy the culture buildings I need to crank out culture. (In my experience so far, losing DoF's doesn't happen meaningfully until you don't need them anymore.) My feeling is that it should be hard for me to win a Science or especially a Cultural victory in 300 turns more or less, when playing a warmonger game built around Honor and Autocracy.
b) Your point about culture being derived from fighting is a philosophical one with which I agree, and which was argued over for quite a while soon after you focused on your doctorate (!). Thal tilted in favor of allowing all game approaches to avail themselves of significant sections of the SP tree, so as not to deprive any approach of the fun that comes with making use of SP's. I see the value in this, even though I argued against it.
c) SOW was definitely a major culprit, and Thal has nerfed both it and some of the cultural enhancement aspects of the Honor and Autocracy branches. I still haven't played a game with all of them in effect, and hope that they will address most of my concerns.