I want to thank everybody who participated and also for all nice feedback on this quiz.It really makes it worth the effort.
Here is a small round-up, if somebody has any questions to any of it, feel fre to PM me.
1. What was the Skamander group?
A group of Polish urban poets founded in 1919. These poets all came from different backgrounds, however the subject matter of their early poetry focused on the man in the street and general questions of identity in the newly independent Poland. Especially the attempts by Julian Tuwim to place ordinary people in the arena of literature was both revolutionary for its time and remains one of the poetic highlights of 20th century Polish literature.
Tuwim was especially good in his early poetry in through entering the minds of poor, otherwise under-represented people.
It should be noted also that in addition to this highly recommendable attitude, the Skamanders also wrote love- and naturepoetry on a high level. Some of Jan Lechon's travel poems are good examples of this.
It is a pity that those fine poets are not more known, they truly deserve it.
2. Who used the pseudonym Corno di Bassetto ?
George Bernhard Shaw.
The famous playwright and sosialist spokesman was also a competent music critic writing in the London Newspapers The Hornet, The Star and The World,using this pseudonym which means bassethorn.
3. What was a villein?
A peasant who, under the feudal system of land tenure that prevailed in Europe in the Middle Ages, gave dues and services to a lord in exchange for land. Villeins were not slaves, and were named as freemen and freewomen in medieval documents, but they were not free. They and their land and possessions belonged to the lord of the manor. They were not free to leave the manor, and they were subject to a large number of obligations required by the lord, including work on the lords demesne two or three days a week, additional work at harvest, and the payment of manorial dues. In many places they also had to pay for the right to brew ale, bake bread, and grind corn at the lords mill.
I think it is quite telling that the word which is derived from it, villain, is so negative.
4. What is the LaTene style?
A famous Celtic style starting from about 500 BC. It is a well developed lyrical artistic style of vegetative undulations and sinuous curving designs combined with the old Hallstatt and Urnfield linear patters and the sacred bird-shapes of the Bronze Age.
Traces of Scythian and Persian animal design can be discerned within the La Tene style showing evidence of trade with Mediterranean cultures.
A famous example is the Gundestrup cauldron:
5. What was the Thranitt movement?
Norway's first labour movement.
It was named after Marcus Thrane (1817-1890)
The movement was inspired by the English chartist and was reformistic.However parts of it became radicalized and instigated riots which gave the authorities opportunity to destroy it. Thrane himself was prisoned for 4 years and after his release emigrated to USA where he continued to work for bettering the situation for the exploited.
If there is any interest for it, I would be delighted to post a much more extensive article about this topic on this forum.
6. Who was Dorothea Erxleben?
The first woman doctor in Germany. She was born in Quedlinburg in 1715, and following a petition from her father, was allowed to study at the university of Halle and overcoming many obstacles managed to finish her education.Here is an informational link:
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi483.htm
and for those who read German:
http://www.anna-schmidt-schule.de/FB3/FIT/FIT_18.HTM#Erxleben
7. What was the last words of Henrik Ibsen?
On the contrary.
Ibsen suffered a stroke some years before his death and was confined to bed. One day in 1906 he overheard a nurse telling a visitor that he was getting better. He justmanaged to get said sentence in before he died.
8. What does it mean to trollopize and what is the origin of this verb?
Trollopize means to critisize or rather to taunt America.
It comes from Anthony Trollope's mother, Fanny Trollope, who after a visit to USA in 1832 published the book "Domestic Manners of the Americans".She concluded that the best reason for visiting America was to realize the superiority of England.
9. Who composed the first German opera and what was the title of it?
Heinrich Schütz(1585-1672),
Dafne.
Heinrich Schütz (Henricus Sagitarius) arguably the greatest composer of the early 17th century, and one of the greatest ever, wrote his opera in 1627, which was staged in Torgau, on the occasion of the wedding of Sophie Eleonore, the daughter of Saxony's Elector. This work is together with so many others of Schütz unfortunately lost due to different circumstances, the man didn't exactly live in the best of all times.
Being an admirer of Schütz, I can just express regret for all the wonderful music the world thus has missed.
10. Who wrote this: "The economic anarchy of capitalist society as it exists today is, in my opinion, the real source of the evil. We see before us a huge community of producers the members of which are unceasingly striving to deprive each other of the fruits of their collective labor -- not by force, but on the whole in faithful compliance with legally established rules. In this respect, it is important to realize that the means of production -- that is to say, the entire productive capacity that is needed for producing consumer goods as well as additional capital goods -- may legally be, and for the most part are, the private property of individuals."]?
Albert Einstein.
Yes this great scientist was also deeply concerned with social issues and a convinced socialist. The whole article can be found here:
http://home.att.net/~Resurgence/Einstein.htm
while an article about Einstein as socialist also is interesting reading:
http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/History/Einstein_Socialist.html
I will return to the topic of famous people's not so famous views on political questions later.
11.What title granted by the pope was given to among others Janos Hunyady, Stefan cel Mare (Stefan the Great)[ and Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg?
Athleta Christi(Champion of Christ)
Originally this characterized a class of Early Christian military martyrs, such as St.Sebastian, but since the 15th century, the title became a political one, granted by popes to men who had led military campaigns to defend Christianity.
12. Who did Elisabeth I of England call Eyes?
John Dee.(1527-160?)
The most famous English scholar of his time, he was nicknamed Eyes by Lizzie who liked to assign names, thus Francis Drake was for instance Water.
Since Dee actually acted as a spy for her, the nickname is apt. What is interesting is that signed his memos to Elizabeth with an odd symbol: two Ohs (a pair of eyes) followed by a 7 with its top drawn back across the Ohs.
007! I wonder if Ian Fleming was aware of that...
13. What was the Somersett Case?
Instigated by Grantville Sharp in 1772, this was a turning point in British legal history which made clear that slavery as an institution could not exist under British law.
James Somersett was a slave brought to London with his master Charles Stewart, a custom officer from Boston in 1769. In 1771 Somersett tried to escape but was recaptured and delivered to a ship to be shipped to Jamaica. Quick intervention from abolionists resulted in this case, which finally ended with establishing that slavery could not exist in England. This was an important principal victory for the abolitionists, even if the Parliament only abolished the slave trade; and slavery continued to exist in various parts of the British Empire until it was finally abolished by Act of Parliament in 1833.
14. What sort of book is Compendium Ferculorum?
I have taken this question out of the contest since I spelled the name incorrect and it has no importance for the score.I apologize humbly for this.
Compendium Ferculorum is a cookbook published in Krakow in 1682 by Stanislaw Czerniecki, secretary of Aleksander Michal Lubomirski.
This work is a very interesting selection of recipes from many European countries, and reflects the great importance Poland had in Europe at that time.
One of the recipes are mentioned in Pan Tadeusz, the famous epic poem of Adam Mickiewicz.
15. Who was Phaleas of Chalcedon?
We don't know much about him, but he is mentioned in the Politics by Aristotle (Book II,vii) where he is referred to as "the first to propose that the property of citizens should be equal" making him of of the first known communists in history.
16. What topic was discussed in A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, Called the Metamorphosis of Ajax from 1596?
Sir John Harington, a godson of Queen Elisabeth, was a man of many talents. Apart from writing classy poetry and translating Ariosto's heroic poem, Orlando Furioso (1591), and a medical work, The School of Salerne, The Englishman's Doctor he also published this one, which deals with the water closet.
The title is a pun on "a-jacques," or what is still called a "john".
Harington proposed a perfectly good model of a flush toilet complete with cistern, and sewage outflow.
However, he was ahead of his time, the connection between sanitation and disease was not well established, and people of the period were not deeply concerned with such niceties (remember that Blackadder episode where he tries to sell his house?); it was not until the nineteenth century that a more successful model arrived, championed by Thomas Crapper...
Since I got no more entries, the score is identical with that in my former post, making LouLong a convincing winner. But I think all the participators deserves kudos for being good sports and for some nice input.
So I leave the stage for you LouLong and look forward to another inspired quiz!