iCivEgypt : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Ptah-Hotep", # 25th BC
"Meryre", # 15th BC
"Akhenaten", # 14th BC
"fNefertiti", # 13th BC
iClassical,
"Petiese", # 7th BC
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Pehen-Ptah", # 27th BC
"Thutmose", # 14th BC
"Bek", # 14th BC
"Ipuki", # 14th BC
"Sennedjem", # 13th
"Khaemweset", # 12th BC
"Amenemope", # 12th BC
iClassical,
"fHelena", # 4th BC
],
iGreatScientist : [
"fMerit-Ptah", # 27th BC
"fPeseshet", # 26th BC
"Ahmose", # 17th BC
iClassical,
"Harkhebi", # 3rd BC
"Manetho", # 3rd BC
"Ptolemaios", # 2nd
"Diophantos", # 3rd
"fHypatia", # 4th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Harkhuf", # 23rd BC
"Maya", # 13th BC
"fTiye", # 13th BC
iClassical,
"Piye", # 8th BC
"Alara", # 8th BC
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Imhotep", # 27th BC
"Sneferu", # 27th BC
"Senenmut", # 17th BC
"Ineni", # 15th BC
"Amenhotep", # 14th BC
iClassical,
"Heron", # 1st AD
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Kagemni", # 26th BC
"Amenemhat", # 20th BC
"fHatshepsut", # 15th BC
"Herihor", # 11th BC
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Narmer", # 32nd BC
"Menes", # 30th BC
"Khufu", # 26th BC
"Mentuhotep", # 21st BC
"Thutmosis", # 15th BC
"Sethi", # 13th BC
],
},
iCivChina : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Lao Tzu", # 6th BC
"Kong Fuzi", # 5th BC
"Meng Zi", # 4th BC
"Zhuangzi", # 4th BC
"Han Fei", # 3rd BC
iMedieval,
"Bodhidharma", # 6th
"Bukong", # 8th
"fLin Moniang", # 10th
"Wang Chongyang", # 12th
"fSun Bu'er", # 12th
"Zhu Xi", # 12th
"Qiu Chuji", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Wang Yangming", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Hong Xiuquan", # 19th
"Wang Jueyi", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Xiong Shili", # 20th
"Sheng Yen", # 20th
"Li Hongzhi", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Ling Lun", # legendary
iClassical,
"Li Bo", # 8th BC
"Du Fu", # 8th BC
"Wang Xizhi", # 4th BC
"fCai Wenji", # 1st
"Gu Kaizhi", # 4th
iMedieval,
"fShangguan Wan'er", # 7th
"Han Yu", # 8th
"Fan Kuan", # 10th
"Su Shi", # 11th
"fLi Qingzhao", # 12th
"Huang Gongwang", # 14th
"Luo Guanzhong", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Tang Yin", # 15th
"Wu Cheng'en", # 16th
"Cao Xueqin", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Qi Baishi", # 20th
"Lu Xun", # 20th
"Wu Guanzhong", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Li Fan", # 1st
"fBan Zhao", # 1st
"Liu Hui", # 3rd
"Zu Chongzhi", # 5th
iMedieval,
"Shen Kuo", # 11th
"Zhu Shijie", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"fTan Yunxian", # 16th
"Xu Guangqi", # 17th
"Song Yingxing", # 17th
"fWang Zhenyi", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Li Yuanzhe", # 20th
"Chen Ning Yang", # 20th
"fTu Youyou", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Zhang Qian", # 2nd BC
"Faxian", # 4th
iMedieval,
"Xuanzang", # 7th
"Li Chun'an", # 10th
"Wang Anshi", # 11th
iRenaissance,
"Zheng He", # 15th
"Yishiha", # 15th
"Pan Qiguan", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Zeng Junchen", # 20th
"Deng Xiaoping", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"fLeizu", # 27th BC
iClassical,
"Lu Ban", # 5th BC
"Cai Lun", # 1st
"Zhang Heng", # 2nd
"Ma Jun", # 3rd
iMedieval,
"Yi Xing", # 8th
"Yu Hao", # 10th
"Bi Sheng", # 11th
"Su Song", # 11th
"Wang Zhen", # 14th
iGlobal,
"Li Siguang", # 20th
"fWu Jianxiong", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Gongsun Yang", # 4th BC
"Li Si", # 3rd BC
"Xiao He", # 2nd BC
iMedieval,
"Fang Xuanling", # 7th
"fWu Zetian", # 7th
"Di Renjie", # 7th
"Fan Zhongyan", # 11th
"Liu Bowen", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Zhang Juzheng", # 16th
"Zhang Tingyu", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Li Hongzhang", # 19th
"Sun Yat-sen", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Zhou Enlai", # 20th
"fJiang Qing", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"fFu Hao", # 13th BC
iClassical,
"Sun Tzu", # 6th BC
"Cao Cao", # 2nd
"Zhuge Liang", # 3rd
iMedieval,
"fPingyang Gongzhu", # 7th
"Guo Ziyi", # 8th
"Yue Fei", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Qi Jiguang", # 16th
"Shi Lang", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"fChing Shih", # 19th
"Zeng Guofan", # 19th
"Zuo Zongtang", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Zhang Zuolin", # 20th
"Zhu De", # 20th
"Chiang Kai-shek", # 20th
"Peng Dehuai", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Zhou Xing", # 7th
"Lai Junchen", # 7th
"Yang Xian", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Liu Jin", # 15th
"Wei Zhongxian", # 16th
iGlobal,
"Dai Li", # 20th
"Kang Sheng", # 20th
"fXu Lai", # 20th
"Li Bai", # 20th
],
},
iCivBabylonia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Utnapishtim", # legendary
"Gilgamesh", # legendary
"fAmat-Mamu", # 18th BC
iClassical,
"fAdad-guppi", # 6th BC
"Ezra", # 5th BC
],
iGreatArtist : [
"fEnheduanna", # 23rd BC
"Gudea", # 22nd BC
"Samsu-ditana", # 17th BC
"Sin-leqi-unninni", # 13th BC
],
iGreatScientist : [
"fTapputi", # legendary
"Esagil-kin-apli", # 11th BC
iClassical,
"fEnnigaldi", # 6th BC
"Nabu-rimanni", # 6th BC
"Kidinnu", # 4th BC
"Sudines", # 3rd BC
"Bel-reu-su", # 3rd BC
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"fIltani", # 18th BC
"Burna-Buriash", # 14th BC
"Kadashman-Enlil", # 14th BC
iClassical,
"Itti-Marduk-balatu", # 6th BC
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Naram-Sin", # 22nd BC
"Ur-Nammu", # 21st BC
iClassical,
"Nabopolassar", # 7th BC
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Urukagina", # 24th BC
"Ur-Nammu", # 21st BC
"Bilalama", # 20th BC
"Lipit-Ishtar", # 19th BC
iClassical,
"fShammuramat", # 9th BC
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Tiglath-Pileser", # 10th BC
iClassical,
"Sennacherib", # 7th BC
"Nebukanezar", # 7th BC
"Shalmaneser", # 7th BC
],
},
iCivGreece : {
iGreatProphet : [
"fEritha", # 12th BC
iClassical,
"Herakleitos", # 6th BC
"Anacharsis", # 6th BC
"Parmenides", # 5th BC
"Philolaos", # 5th BC
"fDiotima", # 5th BC
"Epikouros", # 4th BC
iIndustrial,
"Emmanuel Metaxakis", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Georgios Karslidis", # 20th
"Arsenios Eznepidis", # 20th
"Porphyrios Bairaktaris", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Homeros", # 8th BC
iClassical,
"fSappho", # 6th BC
"Sophokles", # 5th BC
"Thoukydides", # 5th BC
"Euripides", # 5th BC
"Herodotos", # 5th BC
"Aischylos", # 5th BC
"Pheidias", # 5th BC
"Anyte Tegeatis", # 3rd BC
iIndustrial,
"Dionysios Solomos", # 19th
"Georgios Jakobides", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Nikos Kazantzakis", # 20th
"fMaria Callas", # 20th
"Odysseas Elytis", # 20th
"Iannis Xenakis", # 20th
"Mikis Theodorakis", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Pythagoras", # 6th BC
"Sokrates", # 5th BC
"Demokritos", # 5th BC
"Anaxagoras", # 5th BC
"Hippokrates", # 5th BC
"Aristoteles", # 4th BC
"Platon", # 4th BC
"Eukleides", # 3rd BC
"Eratosthenes", # 3rd BC
"Galenos", # 2nd BC
"fAglaonike", # 2nd BC
"fHypatia", # 4th
iIndustrial,
"Eugenios Voulgaris", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Konstantinos Karatheodori", # 20th
"Georgios Papanikolaou", # 20th
"Fotis Kafatos", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Kolaios", # 7th BC
"Sostratos", # 6th BC
"Pytheas", # 4th BC
"Androsthenes", # 4th BC
"Megasthenes", # 4th BC
"Hippalos", # 1st BC
"Heroides Attikos", # 2nd
iIndustrial,
"fManto Mavrogenous", # 19th
"Evangelos Zappas", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Aristotelis Onasis", # 20th
"Stavros Niarchos", # 20th
"fArianna Stasinopoulou", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Thales", # 6th BC
"Empedokles", # 5th BC
"Zenon", # 4th BC
"Satyros", # 4th BC
"Archimedes", # 3rd BC
"Heron", # 1st
iIndustrial,
"Ernestos Tsiller", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Alexandros Issigonis", # 20th
"Ioannis Travlos", # 20th
"Ioannis Argyris", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Solon", # 6th BC
"Kleisthenes", # 6th BC
"fGorgo", # 5th BC
"Alkibiades", # 5th BC
"Kimon", # 5th BC
"Isokrates", # 4th BC
"Aresteides", # 4th BC
iIndustrial,
"Adamantios Korais", # 19th
"Ioannis Kapodistrias", # 19th
"Eleftherios Venizelos", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ioannis Metaxas", # 20th
"Konstantinos Karamanlis", # 20th
"Michael Christodoulou Mouskos", # 20th
"Andreas Papandreou", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Hektor", # legendary
iClassical,
"Leonidas", # 6th BC
"Themistokles", # 5th BC
"Lysandros", # 5th BC
"Philippos", # 4th BC
"Pyrrhos", # 3rd BC
"fArtemisia", # 4th BC
iIndustrial,
"fLaskarina Bouboulina", # 19th
"Alexandros Ypsilantis", # 19th
"Theodoros Kolokotronis", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Konstantinos Bakopoulos", # 20th
"Alexandros Papagos", # 20th
],
},
iCivIndia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Mahavira", # 6th BC
"Siddharta Gautama", # 6th BC
"Ananda", # 6th BC
"Mahakashyapa", # 6th BC
"Nagarjuna", # 2nd
iMedieval,
"Adi Shankara", # 9th
"Atisha", # 11th
"Ramanuja", # 11th
"Basava", # 12th
"Kabir", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Chaitanya Mahaprabhu", # 16th
"fMeera", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Ramakrishna", # 19th
"Swami Vivekananda", # 19th
"Shirdi Sai Baba", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Paramahansa Yogananda", # 20th
"fAnandamayi Ma", # 20th
"fAnjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu", # 20th
"Maharishi Mahesh Yogi", # 20th
"fNirmala Srivastava", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Valmiki", # 4th BC
"Asvaghosa", # 1st
"Kapilar", # 1st tamil
"Kalidasa", # 5th
iMedieval,
"Gunadhya", # 6th
"fAvvaiyar", # 10th tamil
"Abhinavagupta", # 10th
"Nakkirar", # medieval tamil
iRenaissance,
"Purandara Dasa", # 15th
"Tansen", # 16th
"Nainsukh", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Muthuswami Dikhorsehockyar", # 19th
"Raja Ravi Varma", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Rabindranath Tagore", # 20th
"Raja Rao", # 20th
"fAmrita Sher-Gil", # 20th
"Satyajit Ray", # 20th
"Ravi Shankar", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Yajnavalkya", # 8th BC
"Panini", # 6th or 5th BC
"Charaka", # 6th to 2nd BC
"Pingala", # 3rd or 2nd BC
iMedieval,
"Aryabhata", # 6th
"Dignaga", # 6th
"Dharmakirti", # 6th or 7th
"Brahmagupta", # 7th
"Bhaskara", # 12th
"Madhava", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Nilakantha Somayaji", # 15th
"Kamalakara", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman", # 20th
"Satyendra Nath Bose", # 20th
"fAsima Chatterjee", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Nattal Sahu", # 12th
"Jagadu", # 13th
iIndustrial,
"Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy", # 19th
"Jamsetji Tata", # 19th
"Ardeshir Godrej", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Kappalottiya Tamizhan", # 20th
"fIndra Nooyi", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Baudhayana", # 8th BC
"Lagadha", # 1st
iMedieval,
"Gundan Anivaritachari", # 7th
iRenaissance,
"Vidyadhar Bhattacharya", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Jagadish Chandra Bose", # 19th
"Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya", # 19th
"Jamsetji Tata", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fEulie Chowdhury", # 20th
"Satish Dhawan", # 20th
"Charles Correa", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Vishnu Sharma", # 12th BC to 3rd AD
"Chanakya", # 4th BC
"Thiruvalluvar", # 4th BC to 7th AD
iMedieval,
"Amoghavarsha", # 9th
"Chavundaraya", # 10th
"Rajaraja Chola", # 10th
iRenaissance,
"Ariyanatha Mudaliar", # 16th
"Nana Fadnavis", # 18th
"fBegum Samru", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Ram Mohan Roy", # 19th
"Ranjit Singh", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fSarojini Naidu", # 20th
"Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan", # 20th
"Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar", # 20th
"Jawaharlal Nehru", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Chandragupta Maurya", # 4th BC
"Samudragupta", # 4th BC
iMedieval,
"Dhruva Dharavarsha", # 8th
"Mihira Bhoja", # 9th
"Rajaraja Chola", # 10th
iRenaissance,
"fRani Durgavati", # 16th
"Shivaji Bhosle", # 17th
"Kanhoji Angre", # 17th
"Marthanda Varma", # 18th
"Hyder Ali", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Nana Sahib", # 19th
"fRani Lakshmibai", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Kodandera M. Cariappa", # 20th
"Sam Manekshaw", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Bahirji Naik", # 17th
"fSharan Kaur Pabla", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Sarat Chandra Das", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fNoor Inayat Khan", # 20th
"Rameshwarnath Kao", # 20th
"Ravindra Kaushik", # 20th
],
},
iCivCarthage : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Sanchuniathon", # unknown date
"fJezebel", # 9th BC
iClassical,
"Tertullianus", # 2nd
"Cyprianus", # 3rd
"Donatus", # 4th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"fSapanbaal", # 3rd BC
"Micipsa", # 2nd BC
"Ennion", # 1st AD
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Mochus", # 14th BC
"Hiram", # 10th BC
"Sanchuniathon", # unknown date
iClassical,
"Mago", # 4th BC
"Hasdrubal Clitomachus", # 2nd BC
"Abba", # 3rd
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Acerbas", # 9th BC / legendary
iClassical,
"Hanno", # 5th BC
"Himilco", # 5th BC
"Abdashtart", # 4th BC
"Adherbal", # 2nd BC
"Bocchus", # 2nd BC
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Gala", # 3rd BC
"Zelalsen", # ?
"Malchus", # ?
"Gauda", # ?
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Ashtar-rom", # 9th BC
"Ithobaal", # 9th BC
"Pygmalion", # 9th BC
"fElishat", # 8th BC
iClassical,
"Hanno", # 4th BC
"Eshmuniaton", # 4th BC
"Azelmelek", # 4th BC
"Bomilcar", # 3rd BC
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Hasdrubal Barca", # 3rd BC
"Hamilcar Barca", # 3rd BC
"Mago Barca", # 3rd BC
"Carthalo", # 3rd BC
"Maharbal", # 2nd BC
],
},
iCivPolynesia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Maui", # legendary
"Kuamo'o Mo'okini", # 12th
iIndustrial,
"Te Kooti", # 19th
"fAngata", # 19th
"Rua Kenana Hepetipa", # 19th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Hawaiiloa", # legendary
"Hotu Matu'a", # 4th-7th
"Ui-te-Rangiora", # 7th
"Kupe", # 10th-14th
iIndustrial,
"fKawena", # 20th
"Uiliami Leilua Vi", # 20th
"Rangi Hetet", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Nga'ara", # 19th
"Te Rangi Hiroa", # 20th
"Mau Piailug", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Tupaia", # 18th
"Mai", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fPiipi Raumati", # 19th
"Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Olisihpa", # 12th
"Tu'itatui", # 12th
"Uluakimata", # 16th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Talatama", # 12th
"fSalamasina", # 15th
"fKa'ahumanu", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Haalilio", # 19th
"fMeri Te Tai Mangakahia", # 19th
"Apirana Ngata", # 19th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"fNafanua", # legendary
"Momo", # 11th
iRenaissance,
"Kamehameha", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Te Rauparaha", # 19th
"Hone Heke", # 19th
"Seru Epenisa Cakobau", # 19th
],
},
iCivPersia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Mahabad", # legendary
"Zarathustra", # 18-10th BC
iClassical,
"Baga-data", # 3rd BC
"Mani", # 3rd
"Kartir", # 3rd
"Mazdak", # 4th
"Adurbad-i Mahrspandan", # 4th
"Mar Aba", # 6th
iMedieval,
"Al-Muqanna", # 8th
"Al-Ghazali", # 11th
"Mevlana", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Mulla Sadra", # 17th
"Muhammad Baqir Majlisi", # 17th
"Muhammad Baqir Behbahani", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"Bahá'u'lláh", # 19th
u"Báb", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i", # 20th
"Muhammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Pahlbod", # 7th
"fNagisa", # 7th
"Bamshad", # 7th
iMedieval,
"Rudaki", # 9th
"Ferdowsi", # 10th
"fRabia Balkhi", # 10th
"Nizami Ganjavi", # 12th
"Farid al-Din Attar", # 12th
"Safi al-Din", # 13th
"Saadi", # 13th
"Rumi", # 13th
"Nur ad-Din Abd ar-Rahman Jami", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Kamal ud-Din Behzad", # 15th
"Reza Abbasi", # 17th
"Mesrop", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Mihr 'Ali", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fForough Farrokhzad", # 20th
"Hossein Amanat", # 20th
"fHayedeh", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Ktesias", # 5th BC
"Ardashir", # 4th
"Borzuya", # 6th
"Paulos-e irani", # 6th
iMedieval,
"Al-Khwarizmi", # 9th
"Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi", # 9th
"Ibn Miskawayh", # 10th
"Ibn Sina", # 10th
"Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi", # 10th
"Omar Khayyam", # 11th
"Kamal al-Din al-Farisi", # 13th
"Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Al-Birjandi", # 16th
"Baha al-din al-Amili", # 16th
"Qazi Sa'id Qumi", # 17th
"Alavi Shirazi", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Mahmoud Hessaby", # 20th
"Ali Javan", # 20th
"Cumrun Vafa", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Kroisos", # 6th BC
"Athurpat", # 4th BC
"Kavadh", # 5th
iMedieval,
"Ahmad ibn Rustah", # 10th
"Istakhri", # 10th
iGlobal,
"Manny Mashouf", # 20th
"Nasser David Khalili", # 20th
"Omid Kordestani", # 20th
"Amir Ansari", # 20th
"Pierre Omidyar", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Artakhshathra", # 4th BC
"Bahram", # 3rd
"Sanimar", # 6th
iMedieval,
"Naubakht", # 8th or 9th
"Al-Khujandi", # 10th
"Ibn al-Haitham", # 10th
"Nasir al-Din al-Tusi", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Sheikh Baha'i", # 16th
"Ustad Mirza Shirazi", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Abdallah Khan", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Firouz Naderi", # 20th
"Gholam Reza Aghazadeh", # 20th
"Caro Lucas", # 20th
"Siavash Alamouti", # 20th
"fAnousheh Ansari", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Chithrafarna", # 5th BC
"Tiribazus", # 4th BC
"Bagoi", # 4th BC
"Tiridat", # 1st
"Bozorgmehr", # 6th
"fPurandokht", # 7th
iMedieval,
"Ibn Miskawayh", # 10th
"Nizam al-Mulk", # 11th
iRenaissance,
"Tahmasp", # 16th
"Mirza Salman Jaberi", # 17th
"Khalifeh Soltan", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Ebrahim Khan Kalantar", # 19th
"Kuchik Khan", # 19th
"Amir Kabir", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Reza Shah Pahlavi", # 20th
"Mohammad Mossadegh", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Haxamanis", # 7th BC
"Khashayarsha", # 5th BC
"fMania", # 4th BC
"Mithradata", # 1st BC
"Shapur", # 3rd
"Rostam Farrokhzad", # 7th
iRenaissance,
"Shah Ismail", # 16th
"Mohammad Khan Qajar", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Bahram Aryana", # 20th
"Muhammad-Husayn Ayrom", # 20th
"Ali-Reza Asgari", # 20th
"Mohammad Ali Jafari", # 20th
],
},
iCivRome : {
iGreatProphet : [
"fClaudia Quinta", # 3rd BC
"Petrus", # 1st
"Paulus Tarsensis", # 1st
"Augustinus Hipponensis", # 4th
"Aurelius Ambrosius", # 4th
"Eusebius Pamphili", # 4th
"fMarcella", # 4th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Publius Vergilius Maro", # 1st BC
"fIaia", # 1st BC
"Titus Livius", # 1st
"Publius Ovidius Naso", # 1st
"Plutarchus", # 1st
"Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis", # 2nd
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Marcus Terentius Varro", # 1st BC
"Titus Lucretius Carus", # 1st BC
"Sosigenes", # 1st BC
"Antonius Castor", # 1st
"Gaius Plinius Secundus", # 1st
"Strabo", # 1st
"Lucius Annaeus Seneca", # 1st
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Marcus Crassus", # 1st BC
"Publius Sittius", # 1st BC
"Titus Pomponius Atticus", # 1st BC
"Lucius Caecilius Iucundus", # 1st
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Sergius Orata", # 2nd BC
"Marcus Vitruvius Pollio", # 1st BC
"Celer", # 1st AD
"Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa", # 1st AD
"Sextus Julius Frontinus", # 1st AD
"Apollodorus Damascenus", # 2nd AD
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Publius Valerius Publicola", # 6th BC
"Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus", # 5th BC
"Quintus Hortensius", # 3rd BC
"Marcus Porcius Cato", # 2nd BC
"Marcus Tullius Cicero", # 1st BC
"Lucius Cornelius Sulla", # 1st BC
"fLivia Drusilla", # 1st BC
"fFulvia", # 1st AD
"Diocletianus", # 3rd
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Scipio Africanus", # 2nd BC
"Gaius Marius", # 2nd BC
"Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus", # 1st BC
"Vaspasianus", # 1st
"Traianus", # 1st
"fAgrippina", # 1st AD
"Hadrianus", # 2nd
"fAlbia Dominica", # 4th AD
],
},
iCivEthiopia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Gabra Manfas Qeddus", # legendary
"Fremnatos", # 4th
"Abba Pantelewon", # 5th
"Abuna Aregawi", # 6th
iMedieval,
"Tekle Haymanot", # 13th
"Ewostatewos", # 14th
"Abba Samuel", # 14th
"fKristos Samra", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"fWalatta Petros", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Abune Tewophilos", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Yared", # 6th
iMedieval,
"Giyorgis Saglawi", # 14th
iIndustrial,
"Gebre Hanna", # 19th
"Afevork Ghevre Jesus", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Gebre Kristos Desta", # 20th
"Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin", # 20th
"Adamu Tesfaw", # 20th
"Afeworq Tekle", # 20th
"Alexander Boghossian", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Zar'a Ya'aqob", # 16th
"Abba Bahriy", # 16th
"Walda Heywat", # 17th
"Abba Gorgoryos", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Aklilu Lemma", # 20th
"Kitaw Ejigu", # 20th
"Sossina Haile", # 20th
"Gebisa Ejeta", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Nigiste Saba", # legendary
"Endubis", # 3rd
iMedieval,
"Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn", # 13th
iGlobal,
"Berhanu Nega", # 20th
"Eleni Gebre-Medhin", # 20th
"Mohammed Al Amoudi", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Ezana", # 4th
iMedieval,
"Gebre Mesqel Lalibela", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Fasiladas", # 17th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Ezana", # 4th
iRenaissance,
"fEleni", # 16th
"Susenyos", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Tewodros", # 19th
"Menelik", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Mengistu Haile Mariam", # 20th
"Meles Zenawi", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Gadarat", # 2nd or 3rd
"Abraha", # 6th
iMedieval,
"fGudit", # 10th
"Yekuno Amlak", # 13th
"Amda Seyon", # 14th
"Eskender", # 15th
"Tewodros", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Lebna Dengel", # 16th
"Iyasu", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Yohannis", # 19th
"Alula Engida", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Aman Andom", # 20th
],
},
iCivKorea : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Jinul", # 12th
"Uicheon", # 12th
"Baegun", # 13th
"An Hyang", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Yi Hwang", # 16th
"Yi I", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Choe Je-u", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Sun Myung Moon", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Damjing", # 7th
"Yi Nyeong", # 9th
"Yi Je-hyeon", # 9th
iRenaissance,
"Hwang Jip-jung", # 16th
"fHeo Nanseolheon", # 16th
"Yan Duseo", # 17th
"Kim Hong-do", # 18th
"Jeong Seon", # 18th
"Shin Yun-bok", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Im Kwon-taek", # 20th
"Seo Tae-Ji", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Uisan", # 7th
"Wonhyo", # 7th
iRenaissance,
"Jeong Inji", # 15th
"Seong Sammun", # 15th
"Yu Seong-won", # 15th
"Heo Jun", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Jeong Yakyong", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Hwang Woo-Suk", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Hyecho", # 8th
"Kim Sa-hyeong", # 15th
"Yi Mu", # 15th
"Yi Hoe", # 15th
iGlobal,
"Lee Byung-chul", # 20th
"Chung Ju-yung", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Choe Yun-ui", # 13th
"Choe Mu-seon", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Jang Yeong-sil", # 15th
"Song I-yeong", # 16th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Myeongnim Dap-bo", # 2nd
"fSeondeok", # 7th
"Kim Bu-sik", # 12th
"Jeong Dojeon", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Yi Hwang", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Kim Ok-gyun", # 19th
"fMyeongseong", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fRyu Gwansun", # 20th
"Kim Gu", # 20th
"Kim Dae-jung", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Gim Yu-sin", # 7th
"Gang Gam-chan", # 11th
"Choe Woo", # 13th
"Yi Seong-gye", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Yi Sun-sin", # 16th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"An Jung-geun", # 20th
"Kim Chang-ryong", # 20th
],
},
iCivMaya : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Junajpu", # mythological
"Xb'alanke", # mythological
"Kukulkan", # 10th, named after the god
"Ce Acatl Topiltzin", # 10th toltec
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil", # 8th
"Chakalte'", # 8th
"Jun Nat Omootz", # 8th
"Asan Winik Tu'ub", # 8th
"Chan Ch'ok Wayib Xok", # 8th
"Waj Tan Chak", # 8th
iGlobal,
"fMarisol Ceh Moo", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Itzamna", # mythological
"Huematzin", # 8th toltec
"Papantzin", # 9th toltec
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Ek Chuaj", # mythological
"Apoxpalon", # 16th
"Tabscoob", # 16th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Chan Imix K'awiil", # 7th
"fK'ab'al Xook", # 8th
"Ha' K'in Xook", # 8th
"Itzam K'an Ahk", # 8th
"K'inich Yat Ahk", # 8th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Yax Ehb Xook", # 1st
"fYohl Ik'nal", # 6th
"Yuknoom Ch'een", # 7th
"Jasaw Chan K'awiil", # 8th
iGlobal,
u"fRigoberta Menchú", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Siyaj K'ak'", # 4th teotihuacan
"K'inich Yo'nal Ahk", # 7th
"fXochitl", # 9th toltec
"Hunac Ceel", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Napuc Chi", # 16th
"Tecun Uman", # 16th
],
},
iCivByzantium : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Nestorios", # 5th
"fTheodora", # 6th
"Ioannis o Damaskinos", # 8th
"Kyrillos", # 9th
"Methodios", # 9th
"Photios", # 9th
"Nikolaos Mystikos", # 10th
"Athanasios o Athonites", # 10th
"Ioannes Xiphilinos", # 11th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"fAelia Eudocia", # 5th
"Romanos o Melodos", # 6th
"Flauios Dioskoros", # 6th
"fKassia", # 9th
"Theodoros Prodromos", # 12th
"Eulalios", # 12th
"Manuel Chrysoloras", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Theophanes Strelitzas", # 16th
"Domenikos Theotokopoulos", # 16th
"Petros Bereketis", # 17th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"fHypatia", # 4th
"Stephanos Alexandrinos", # 7th
"Theophylaktos Simokates", # 7th
"Leon o Mathematikos", # 9th
"Michael Psellos", # 11th
"fAnna Komnene", # 12th
"Nikephoros Blemmydes", # 13th
"Niketas Choniates", # 13th
"Nikephoros Gregoras", # 14th
"Georgios Plethon", # 15th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Hierokles", # 6th
"Zemarchos", # 6th
"Kosmas Indikopleustes", # 6th
"Georgios Kyprios", # 7th
"fDanielis", # 9th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Anthemios", # 6th
"Isidoros", # 6th
"Eutokios", # 6th
"Kallinikos", # 7th
"Petronas Kamateros", # 9th
"Tiridates", # 10th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Theodosios", # 4th
"Tribonianos", # 6th
"fEirene", # 6th
"Irakleios", # 7th
"Leon", # 9th
"Michael Palaiologos", # 13th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Belisarios", # 6th
"Ioannis Tzimiskes", # 10th
"Nikephoros Phokas", # 10th
"Ioannis Kourkouas", # 10th
"Basileios Bulgaroktonos", # 11th
"Georgios Maniakes", # 11th
"Michael Palaiologos", # 12th
"Nikephoros Bryennios", # 12th
"Andronikos Kontostephanos", # 12th
"Alexios Strategopoulos", # 13th
],
},
iCivJapan : {
iGreatProphet : [
"En no Ozunu", # 7th
"Kuukaii", # 8th
"Saichou", # 8th
"Abe no Seimei", # 10th
"Myouan Eisai", # 12th
"Shinran", # 13th
"Nikkou", # 13th
"Nichiren", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Rennyo", # 15th
"Ikkyuu Soujun", # 15th
"Takuan Souhou", # 17th
"Ryoukan", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Hirata Atsutane", # 19th
"fMiki Nakayama", # 19th,
"Kanzou Uchimura", # 19th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Kakinomoto no Hitomaro", # 7th
"Yamanoue no Okura", # 7th
"Ootomo no Yakamochi", # 8th
"Ki no Tsurayuki", # 9th
"fMurasaki Shikibu", # 10th
"Unkei", # 12th
"Saigyou", # 12th
"Zeami", # 14th
"Sesshuu", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Kanou Eitoku", # 16th
"Sen no Rikyuu", # 16th
"Ihara Saikaku", # 17th
"Matsuo Bashou", # 17th
"Chikamatsu Monzaemon", # 17th
"Toushuusai Sharaku", # 18th
"Yosa Buson", # 18th
"Kobayashi Issa", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Kyokutei Bakin", # 19th
"Katsushika Hokusai", # 19th
"Utagawa Hiroshige", # 19th
"fIchiyou Higuchi", # 19th
"Masaoka Shiki", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fAkiko Yosano", # 20th
"Osamu Dazai", # 20th
"Miyazawa Kenji", # 20th
"Yukio Mishima", # 20th
"Yasunari Kawabata", # 20th
"Osamu Tezuka", # 20th
"Tsuburaya Eiji", # 20th
"Hayao Miyazaki", # 20th
"Toro Okamoto", # Contest Reward
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Yoshida Mitsuyoshi", # 17th
"Takakazu Seki", # 17th
"Aida Yasuaki", # 18th
"Sugita Genpaku", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Ogata Kouan", # 19th
"Shibasaburou Kitasato", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Hideyo Noguchi", # 20th
"Kiyoshi Shiga", # 20th
"Kumagusu Minakata", # 20th
"Kiyoshi Itou", # 20th
"Hideki Yukawa", # 20th
"Shinichirou Tomonaga", # 20th
"Masatoshi Koshiba", # 20th
"Kenkichi Iwasawa", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Ruson Sukezaemon", # 16th
"Yodoya Juutou", # 17th
"Mitsui Takatoshi", # 17th
"Shousuke Tanaka", # 17th
"Kounoike Zenzaemon", # 17-20th (Zaibatsu hereditary name)
"Sumitomo Kichizaemon", # 17-20th
"Takadaya Kahei", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Torakusu Yamaha", # 19th
"Outano Kouzui", # 19th
"Yatarou Iwasaki", # 19th
"Zenjirou Yasuda", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Masahisa Fujita", # 20th
"Kiichiro Toyoda", # 20th
"Soichiro Honda", # 20th
"Yohorsehockyaka Fukuda", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Gyouki", # 8th
"Yaita Kinbee", # 16th
"Yasui Douton", # 16th
"Hiraga Gennai", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Tanaka Hisashige", # 19th
"Katayama Toukuma", # 19th
"Takeda Ayasaburou", # 19th
"Sakichi Toyoda", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Koutarou Honda", # 20th
"Ken Sakamura", # 20th
"Kyota Sugimoto", # 20th
"Hidetsugu Yagi", # 20th
"Shigeru Miyamoto", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Shoutouku Taishi", # 6th
"Fujiwara no Michinaga", # 11th
"Taira no Kiyomori", # 12th
"fHoujou Masako", # 12th
"Ashikaga Yoshimitsu", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Tokugawa Ieyasu", # 16th
"Tsunenaga Hasekura", # 17th
"Arai Hakuseki", # 17th
"Tanuma Okitsugu", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Sakamoto Ryouma", # 19th
"Oukubo Toshimichi", # 19th
"Yukichi Fukuzawa", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Yukio Ozaki", # 20th
"Korekiyo Takahashi", # 20th
"Shigeru Yoshida", # 20th
"fSadako Ogata", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Fujiwara no Kamatari", # 7th
"Sakanoue no Tamuramaro", # 8th
"Taira no Masakado", # 10th
"Minamoto no Yoritomo", # 12th
"Kusunoki Masashige", # 13th
"Ashikaga Takauji", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Houjou Souun", # 16th
"Takeda Shingen", # 16th
"Shimazu Yoshihiro", # 16th
"fTachibana Ginchiyo", # 16th
"Toyotomi Hideyoshi", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"fNakano Takeko", # 19th
"Tougou Heihachirou", # 19th
"Yoshifuru Akiyama", # 19th
"Gonnohyoue Yamamoto", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Isoroku Yamamoto", # 20th
"Tomoyuki Yamahorsehockya", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Kagetoki Kajiwara", # 12th
"Hino Kumawaka", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Hanzou Hattori", # 16th
"fChiyome Mochizuki", # 16th
"Ishikawa Goemon", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Mamiya Rinzou", # 18th
"Nezumi Kozou", # 19th
"Akashi Motojiro", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fYoshiko Kawashima", # 20th
"Takeo Yoshikawa", # 20th
"Keiji Suzuki", # 20th
],
},
iCivVikings : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Ansgar", # 9th swedish
u"Haraldr Blátonn", # 10th danish
"Erik den Helige", # 11th swedish
"fBirgitta Birgersdotter", # 13th swedish
iRenaissance,
"Johannes Campanius", # 17th swedish
"Emanuel Swedenborg", # 18th swedish
iIndustrial,
u"Søren Kierkegaard", # 19th danish
iGlobal,
u"Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson", # 20th icelandic
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Bragi Boddason", # 9th norwegian
"Snorri Sturluson", # 13th icelandic
u"Nils Håkansson", # 14th swedish
iRenaissance,
"Georg Stiernhielm", # 17th swedish
"Johan Nordahl Brun", # 18th norwegian
iIndustrial,
"Hans Christian Andersen", # 19th danish
"Olav Duun", # 19th norwegian
"Johan Ludvig Runeberg", # 19th finnish
"fJohanna Maria Lind", # 19th swedish
"Edvard Munch", # 19th norwegian
"Edvard Grieg", # 19th norwegian
iGlobal,
"Jean Sibelius", # 20th finnish
"fKaren Blixen", # 20th danish
"fAstrid Lindgren", # 20th swedish
"Ingmar Bergman", # 20th swedish
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Tycho Brahe", # 16th danish
"fSophia Brahe", # 16th danish
"Mikael Agricola", # 16th finnish
u"Ole Rømer", # 17th danish
"Anders Celsius", # 18th swedish
u"Carl von Linné", # 18th swedish
iIndustrial,
u"Jöns Jacob Berzelius", # 19th swedish
"Niels Henrik Abel", # 19th norwegian
"Johannes Rydberg", # 19th swedish
u"Anders Ångström", # 19th swedish
iGlobal,
"Niels Bohr", # 20th danish
],
iGreatMerchant : [
u"Eiríkr Rauði", # 10th norwegian
u"Leifr Eiríksson", # 10th icelandic
u"Håkon Sigurdsson", # 10th norwegian
iRenaissance,
"fSigbrit Willoms", # 16th danish
"fChristina Piper", # 18th swedish
"Niclas Sahlgren", # 18th swedish
"Rutger Macklean", # 18th swedish
iIndustrial,
"Sven Hedin", # 19th swedish
"Roald Amundsen", # 20th norwegian
iGlobal,
"Ole Kirk Christiansen", # 20th danish
"Ingvar Kamprad", # 20th swedish
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Hercules von Oberberg", # 16th danish
"Nicodemus Tessin", # 17th swedish
"Christopher Polhem", # 18th swedish
iIndustrial,
"Johan Ericsson", # 19th swedish
"Per Georg Scheutz", # 19th swedish
"Alfred Nobel", # 19th swedish
"Lars Magnus Ericsson", # 19th swedish
iGlobal,
"Arne Jacobsen", # 20th danish
u"Jørn Utzon", # 20th danish
u"Ivar Giæver", # 20th norwegian
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Gorm den Gamle", # 10th danish
"Birger Jarl", # 13th swedish
"fMargrete Valdemarsdatter", # 14th danish
iRenaissance,
"Gustav Vasa", # 16th swedish
"Axel Oxenstierna", # 17th swedish
"fKristina", # 17th swedish
"Peter Estenberg", # 18th swedish
"Arvid Horn", # 18th swedish
iIndustrial,
"Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt", # 19th finnish
"Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig", # 19th danish
iGlobal,
"Trygve Lie", # 20th norwegian
u"Dag Hammarskjöld", # 20th swedish
"Olof Palme", # 20th swedish
],
iGreatGeneral : [
u"Eiríkr Blóðøx", # 10th norwegian
u"Sveinn Tjúguskegg", # 10th danish
u"Harald Harðráði", # 11th norwegian
"Knutr", # 11th danish
iRenaissance,
"Gustav Vasa", # 16th swedish
"Lennart Torstensson", # 17th swedish
"Peter Tordenskjold", # 18th norwegian
"fIngela Gathenhielm", # 18th swedish
iGlobal,
"Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim", # 20th finnish
"Carl Gustav Fleischer", # 20th norwegian
],
iGreatSpy : [
"fBrita Tott", # 15th swedish/danish
"fCharlotte Eckerman", # 18th swedish
u"fEva Löwen", # 18th swedish
iGlobal,
"Carlos Adlercreutz", # 20th swedish
"Kai Henning Bothildsen Nielsen", # 20th danish
u"fAstrid Døvle", # 20th norwegian
"Stig Bergling", # 20th swedish
],
},
iCivTurks : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Tatpar Qaghan", # 6th
"Bulan", # 9th
"Abu Mansur al-Maturidi", # 9th
"Muhammad al-Bukhari", # 9th
"Al-Ghazali", # 11th (also Persian)
"Ahmad Yasawi", # 12th
"fFatima al-Samarqandi", # 12th
"Haji Bektash Veli", # 13th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Yusuf Balasaguni", # 11th
"Suzani Samarqandi", # 12th
"Nizami Ganjavi", # 12th (also Persian)
"Rumi", # 13th (also Persian)
"Izzeddin Hasanoglu", # 13-14th
"Imadaddin Nasimi", # 14th
"Alisher Nava'i", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Khasta Qasim", # 18th
"Magtymguly Pyragy", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Qurmangazy Sagyrbaiuly", # 19th
"Abai Qunanbaiuly", # 19th
"fNodira", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi", # 20th
"G'afur G'ulom", # 20th
"Chinghiz Aitmatov", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Al-Farabi", # 10th (also Arab)
"Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari", # 10th
"Ibn Sina", # 10th (also Persian)
"Omar Khayyam", # 11th (also Persian)
"Mahmud al-Kashgari", # 11th
"Nizami Aruzi", # 12th
"Qadi Zada al-Rumi", # 14th
"Jamshid al-Kashi", # 15th
"Ulugh Beg", # 15th (also Mongol)
"Ali Qushji", # 15th (also Ottoman)
iIndustrial,
"Shoqan Walikhanov", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Kasym Tynystanov", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Maniakh", # 6th
"Muqan Qaghan", # 6th
"Sheguy", # 7th
"Ahmad ibn Rustah", # 10th
"Bar Sauma", # 13th
"Yahballaha", # 13th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Omurtag", # 9th
"Abu-Mahmud Khojandi", # 10th
"Al-Biruni", # 11th
"fSaray Mulk", # 14th
iGlobal,
"Kanysh Satbayev", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"Istämi", # 6th
"Ishbara Qaghan", # 6th
"Ashina Simo", # 7th
"Nizam al-Mulk", # 11th
"fTerken Khatun", # 11th
"Aq Sunqur al-Hajib", # 11th
"Abd-al-Razzaq Samarqandi", # 15th
"Muhammad Shaybani", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Abdullah Khan", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Alikhan Bukeikhanov", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Sopubek Begaliev", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Tong Yabghu Qaghan", # 7th
"Qapaghan Qaghan", # 7th
u"Kültigin", # 8th
"Tughril", # 11th (distinct from Mongol Toghril)
"Anushtegin Gharchai", # 11th
"Nur ad-Din Zengi", # 13th (also Arab)
"Uzun Hasan", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Ablai Khan", # 18th
"Raiymbek Batyr", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Sobir Rakhimov", # 20th
],
},
iCivArabia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Ali ibn Abi Talib", # 7th
"Hasan ibn Ali", # 7th
"Uthman ibn Affan", # 7th
"Umar ibn al-Kattab", # 7th
"fRabia Basri", # 9th
"Al-Baqilanni", # 10th
"Ibn al-Jawzi", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Al-Suyuti", # 15th
"Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad", # 17th
"Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Muhammad Abduh", # 19th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Ibn Muqla", # 10th
"Ibn al-Nadim", # 10th
"Al-Mutanabbi", # 10th
"Muhammad ibn al-Zayn", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Ibn Furtu", # 16th
iGlobal,
"Muhammad al-Maghut", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Al-Kindi", # 9th
"Al-Khwarizmi", # 9th (also Persian)
"Al-Farabi", # 10th
"Ibrahim ibn Sinan", # 10th
"Ibn al-Jazzar", # 10th
"Ibn al-Haytam", # 11th
"Ibn al-Nafis", # 13th
iGlobal,
"Abdul Jabbar Abdullah", # 20th
"Ahmed Zewail", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Muhammad ibn al-Zayyat", # 9th
"Ibn Hawqal", # 10th
"Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi", # 12th
"Yaqut al-Hamawi", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Ahmad ibn Majid", # 15th
"Sulaiman Al Mahri", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"David Sassoon", # 19th
"Sassoon Eskell", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Jabir ibn Hayyan", # 8th
"Mashallah ibn Athari", # 8th
"Banu Musa", # 9th
"Ibn Wahshiyah", # 10th
"fMariam al-Astrulabi", # 10th
"Al-Jazari", # 12th
iGlobal,
"Hassan Fathy", # 20th
"fZaha Hadid", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"fFatimah bint Muhammad", # 7th
"Al-Jahiz", # 9th
"Al-Mawardi", # 11th
"Izz al-Din Usama", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Muhammad ibn Saud", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Hussein bin Ali", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan", # 20th
"Yasser Arafat", # 20th
"Hisham Nazer", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Khalid ibn al-Walid", # 7th
"Muawiyah", # 7th
"Ziyad ibn Abih", # 7th
"Amr ibn al-As", # 7th
"fKhawla bint al-Azwar", # 7th
"Nur ad-Din Zengi", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Rahmah ibn Jabir Al Jalhami", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Abd al-Karim Qasim", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Hassan-i Sabbah", # 11th
"Rashid ad-Din Sinan", # 12th
iGlobal,
"Ali Hassan al-Majid", # 20th
],
},
iCivTibet : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Gendun Drup", # 15th
"Gendun Gyatso", # 15-16th
"Sonam Gyatso", # 16th
"Yonten Gyatso", # 16-17th
"Tsangyang Gyatso", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Tenzin Gyatso", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"fYeshe Tsogyal", # 8th
"Milarepa", # 11th
iRenaissance,
u"Chöying Dorje", # 17th
"Situ Panchen", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"Gendün Chöphel", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Thonmi Sambhota", # 7th
"Yuthog Yontan Gonpo", # 8th and 12th
"Tsongkhapa", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Kunkhyen Pema Karpo", # 16h
iIndustrial,
"Khyenrab Norbu", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Sonam Rapten", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Tsarong", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Rinchen Zangpo", # 10th
"Thang Tong Gyalpo", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Desi Sangye Gyatso", # 17th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"fThrimalö", # 7th
u"Gar Tongsten Yülsung", # 7th
iIndustrial,
"Paljor Dorje Shatra", # 19th
"Lhalu Tsewang Dorje", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Gar Trinring Tsendro", # 7th
"Chimshang Gyalsig Shuteng", # 8th
"Nganlam Takdra Lukhong", # 8th
"Nanam Shang Gyaltsen Lhanang", # 8th
iRenaissance,
"Ngawang Namgyal", # 17th
],
},
iCivIndonesia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Maha Rsi Agastya", # 5th
"Buddha Pahyien", # 4th
"Sakyakirti", # 7th
"fGayatri Rajapatni", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Sunan Giri", # 15th
"Sunan Gunung Jati", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Ahmad Dahlan", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Albertus Soegijapranata", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Abdullah Abdul Kadir", # 19th
"Raja Ali Haji", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Amir Hamzah", # 20th
"Ismail Marzuki", # 20th
"Pramoedya Ananta Toer", # 20th
"Asep Sunandar Sunarya", # 20th
"I Made Sidia", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Jayabaya", # 12th
"Empu Tantular", # 14th
iGlobal,
"Herman Johannes", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Dewawarman", # 1st
"fCri Kahulunnan", # 9th
iRenaissance,
"Raja Mudaliar", # 16th
"Nahkoda Muda", # 18th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Gunadharma", # 9th
"Samaratungga", # 9th
"Rakai Pikatan", # 9th
iGlobal,
"Liem Bwan Tjie", # 20th
"Soejoedi Wirjoatmodjo", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Gajah Mada", # 14th
"Parmeswara", # 14th
iIndustrial,
"Mahmud Badaruddin", # 19th
"fRaden Ayu Kartini", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Sukarno", # 20th
"Agus Salim", # 20th
"Chep the Magnificent", # Contest Reward
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Dharmawangsa", # 10th
"Airlangga", # 11th
"Ken Arok", # 12th
"Raden Wijaya", # 13th
"fTribhuwana Vijayatunggadewi", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"fMalahayati", # 16th
"fMartha Christina Tiahahu", # 18th
"Pattimura", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fCut Nyak Dhien", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Oerip Soemohardjo", # 20th
"Sudirman", # 20th
],
},
iCivMoors : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Ibn Masarra", # 10th
"Ibn Hazm", # 11th
"Musa bin Maymun", # 12th
"fFatima bint al-Muthanna", # 12th
"Ibn Arabi", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Ahmad Zarruq", # 15th
"Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah", # 15th
iIndustrial,
"Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi", # 19th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Ziryab", # 9th
"fWallada bint al-Mustakfi", # 11th
"fQasmuna", # 12th
"Ibn Tufail", # 12th
"Ibn Quzman", # 12th
"Al-Shustari", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi", # 16th
"Mohammed Awzal", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Kaddour El Alamy", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Abdessadeq Cheqara", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Al-Zahrawi", # 10th
"Ibn Zuhr", # 12th
"Jabir bin Aflah", # 12th
"Ibn Rushd", # 12th
"Ibn Bajja", # 12th
"Abu al-Salt", # 12th
"Al-Qalasadi", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani", # 16th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Ibrahim ibn Yaqub", # 10th
"Al-Bakri", # 11th
"Al-Idrisi", # 12th
"Ibn Jubayr", # 12th
"Ibn Battuta", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Hassan al-Wazzan", # 16th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Abbas ibn Firnas", # 9th
"Ibn Bassal", # 11th
"Al-Zarqali", # 11th
"Al-Muradi", # 11th
iRenaissance,
"Ahmed el Inglizi", # 18th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"fZaynab an-Nafzawiyyah", # 11h
"Ibn al-Khatib", # 14th
"Ibn Khaldun", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"fLalla Aisha Mubarka", # 17th
"Abu al-Qasim al-Zayyani", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Habib Bourguiba", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Tariq ibn Ziyad", # 8th
"Muhammad ibn Abi Aamir", # 10th
"Yusuf ibn Tashfin", # 11th
iRenaissance,
"fSayyida al Hurra", # 16th
"Mohammed ash-Sheikh", # 16th
"Ahmad al-Mansur", # 16th
"Ismail ibn Sharif", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Abd el-Krim", # 20th
"Mohamed Meziane", # 20th
],
},
iCivSpain : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Juan de Ortega", # 11th
u"Domingo de Guzmán", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Ignacio de Loyola", # 16th
u"Juan de Sepúlveda", # 16th
u"fTeresa de Ávila", # 16th
u"Francisco Suárez", # 16th
u"Bartolomé de Las Casas", # 16th
iIndustrial,
u"Junípero Serra", # 18th
"fJoaquima de Vedruna", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Josemaría Escrivá", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Gonzalo de Berceo", # 13th
"Juan Manuel", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Miguel de Cervantes", # 16th
"Garcilaso de la Vega", # 16th
"Lope de Vega", # 17th
u"Diego de Silva Velázquez", # 17th
u"fJuana Inés de la Cruz", # 17th
"Francisco de Goya", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"fGertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda", # 19th
u"Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer", # 19th
u"fRosalía de Castro", # 19th
u"Isaac Albéniz", # 19th
u"Benito Pérez Galdós", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Pablo Picasso", # 20th
u"Joan Miró", # 20th
u"Luis Buñuel", # 20th
u"Salvador Dalí", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Gerardo de Cremona", # 12th
"Yehuda ben Moshe", # 13th
"Ramon Llull", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Miguel Serveto", # 16th
u"Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora", # 17th
"Antonio de Ulloa", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"José Celestino Mutis", # 18th
u"Santiago Ramón y Cajal", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Severo Ochoa", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
u"Cristóbal Colón", # 15th
"Fernando de Magallanes", # 15th
u"Martín de Azpilcueta", # 16th
"Hernando de Soto", # 16th
u"José Penso de la Vega", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Salvador Fidalgo", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Juan March Ordinas", # 20th
"Amancio Ortega", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Juan Bautista de Toledo", # 16th
"Juan de Herrera", # 16th
iIndustrial,
u"Agustín de Betancourt", # 18th
"Alberto de Palacio y Elissague", # 19th
"Esteban Terradas i Illa", # 19th
u"Antoni Gaudí", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Leonardo Torres y Quevedo", # 20th
"Juan de la Cierva", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Alfonso el Sabio", # 13th
iRenaissance,
u"Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros", # 15th
"Francisco de Vitoria", # 16th
iIndustrial,
u"José de Gálvez", # 18th
u"José Moniño", # 18th
"Juan Prim", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Lluís Companys", # 20th
u"fDolores Ibárruri", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"El Cid", # 11th
"Alfonso el Bravo", # 11th
"Jaume el Conqueridor", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Francisco Coronado", # 16th
u"Hernán Cortés", # 16th
"Francisco Pizarro", # 16th
u"Álvaro de Bazán", # 16th
u"fMaría Pacheco", # 16th
u"Fernando Álvarez de Toledo", # 16th
u"Ambrosio Spínola Doria", # 17th
u"Bernardo de Gálvez", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"fAgustina de Aragón", # 19th
"Fernando Villaamil", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Emilio Mola", # 20th
"Vicente Rojo Lluch", # 20th
"Mohamed ben Mizzian", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
u"Tomás de Torquemada", # 15th
"Bernardino de Mendoza", # 17th
u"fManuela Desvalls Vergós", # 18th
"Ali Bey el Abbassi", # 18th
iGlobal,
u"Juan Pujol García", # 20th
u"Ramón Mercader", # 20th
],
},
iCivFrance : {
iGreatProphet : [
u"Pierre Abélard", # 12th
"Louis IX", # 13th
"fJeanne d'Arc", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Jean Calvin", # 16th
"Vincent de Paul", # 17th
"fJeanne Mance", # 17th
"fMarguerite Bourgeoys", # 17th
u"Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet", # 17th
iIndustrial,
u"fThérèse de Lisieux", # 19th
"Auguste Comte", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Albert Schweitzer", # 20th
u"Marcel Légaut", # 20th
u"Henri Grouès", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
u"Pérotin", # 12th
u"Chrétien de Troyes", # 12th
"fChristine de Pizan", # 15th
"Jean Fouquet", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"François Rabelais", # 16th
"Charles Le Brun", # 17th
"Jean-Baptiste Lully", # 17th
"Jean Racine", # 17th
u"Molière", # 17th
"Antoine Watteau", # 18th
"Voltaire", # 18th
u"fÉlisabeth Vigée Le Brun", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"Honoré de Balzac", # 19th
"Alexandre Dumas", # 19th
"Victor Hugo", # 19th
"fGeorge Sand", # 19th
"Charles Baudelaire", # 19th
"Auguste Rodin", # 19th
"Claude Monet", # 19th
"Claude Debussy", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Henri Matisse", # 19th
"Maurice Ravel", # 20th
"Marcel Proust", # 20th
u"fÉdith Piaf", # 20th
"Albert Camus", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Gerbert d'Aurillac", # 10th
"Nicole Oresme", # 14th
iRenaissance,
u"René Descartes", # 17th
"Pierre de Fermat", # 17th
"Blaise Pascal", # 17th
"Antoine Lavoisier", # 18th
u"fÉmilie du Châtelet", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Pierre-Simon Laplace", # 18th
"Sadi Carnot", # 19th
"Louis Pasteur", # 19th
"fMarie-Sophie Germain", # 19th
"fMarie Curie", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Antoine Henri Becquerel", # 20th
"Jacques Monod", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
u"Éloi de Noyon", # 7th
u"fJeanne la Fouacière", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Jacques Cartier", # 16th
"Samuel de Champlain", # 17th
"Antoine de Lamothe-Cadillac", # 18th
u"fThérèse de Couagne", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"Frédéric Bastiat", # 19th
"Ferdinand de Lesseps", # 19th
"Louis Vuitton", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fCoco Chanel", # 20th
"Marcel Dessault", # 20th
"fMarie Marvingt", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Suger", # 12th
"Villard de Honnecourt", # 13th
"Pierre de Montreuil", # 13th
iRenaissance,
u"Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban", # 17th
"Jules Hardouin-Mansart", # 17th
"Claude Perrault", # 17th
"Charles-Augustin Coulomb", # 18th
"Joseph-Michel Montgolfier", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Joseph Marie Jacquard", # 18th
"Louis Daguerre", # 19th
"Norbert Rillieux", # 19th
"Alexandre Gustave Eiffel", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Louis Lumière", # 20th
"Le Corbusier", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"fAliénor d'Aquitaine", # 12th
"Philippe de Beaumanoir", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Jean Bodin", # 16th
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu", # 17th
"Jean-Baptiste Colbert", # 17th
u"fAnne-Marie-Louise d'Orléans", # 17th
u"Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord", # 18th
"Montesquieu", # 18th
"Maximilien Robespierre", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Adolphe Thiers", # 19th
"Alexis de Tocqueville", # 19th
"Pierre-Joseph Proudhon", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Léon Blum", # 20th
"fSimone de Beauvoir", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Charles Martel", # 8th
"Godefroy de Bouillon", # 11th
"fJeanne de Flandre", # 14th
"Charles V", # 14th
"fJeanne d'Arc", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"Louis de Bourbon-Condé", # 17th
"Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne", # 17th
"Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", # 18th
u"Louis-René de Latouche-Tréville", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Louis-Nicolas Davout", # 18th
"Joachim Murat", # 18th
"Louis-Alexandre Berthier", # 19th
"Gilbert de Lafayette", # 19th
"Patrice de MacMahon", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ferdinand Foch", # 20th
"Joseph Joffre", # 20th
u"Philippe Pétain", # 20th
"Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
u"Bertrandon de la Broquière", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"fCharlotte de Sauve", # 16th
"fCharlotte Corday", # 18th
"Pierre Beaumarchais", # 18th
u"Chevalier d'Éon", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fMichelle de Bonneuil", # 19th
"Charles Schulmeister", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"fJoséphine Baker", # 20th
"Gilbert Renault", # 20th
],
},
iCivKhmer : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Sanghapala", # 6th
"Kirtipandita", # 10th
"Suryavarman I", # 11th
"fJayarajadevi", # 12th
"Tamalinda", # 12th
iGlobal,
"Chuon Nath", # 20th
"Maha Ghosananda", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Udayadityavarman II", # 11th
"fIndradevi", # 12th
"Thommaracha", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Ang Duong", # 19th
"Suttantaprija Ind", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Sinn Sisamouth", # 20th
"Vann Nath", # 20th
"Chath Piersath", # 20th
"Chhim Sothy", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Semahatata", # 7th
"Jayavarman V", # 10th
"Yajnavaraha", # 10th
"fSaptadevakula Prana", # 10th
iGlobal,
"Keng Vannsak", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Jayavarman IV", # 10th
"Srindravarman", # 14th
"fDaun Penh", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Chey Chettha", # 16th
"Srei Meara", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Teng Bunma", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Indravarman I", # 9th
"Yasovarman I", # 9th
"fJahavi", # 10th
"Udayadityavarman II", # 11th
"Jayavarman VII", # 12th
iGlobal,
"Vann Molyvann", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Jayavarman II", # 9th
"Harshavarman", # 10th
iIndustrial,
"Norodom", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Tou Samouth", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Bhavavarman", # 6th
"Rajendravarman II", # 10th
"Sangrama", # 11th
"Vidyanandana", # 12th
iGlobal,
"Sak Sutsakhan", # 20th
"Dien Del", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"fYun Yat", # 20th
]
},
iCivEngland : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Bede the Venerable", # 8th
"Anselm of Canterbury", # 11th
"Thomas Becket", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Thomas More", # 16th
"fAnne Hutchinson", # 17th
"John Newton", # 18th
"William Penn", # 18th
"Jonathan Edwards", # 18th
"fAnn Lee", # 18th
"John Wesley", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"William Booth", # 19th
"David Livingstone", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Gerald Gardner", # 20th
"Aleister Crowley", # 20th
"John Stott", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Geoffrey Chaucer", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"William Shakespeare", # 17th
"John Milton", # 17th
"John Vanbrugh", # 17th
"George Frideric Handel", # 18th
"fJane Austen", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"William Blake", # 18th
"fMary Shelley", # 19th
"Alfred Tennyson", # 19th
"Charles Dickens", # 19th
"Arthur Conan Doyle", # 19th
iGlobal,
"James Joyce", # 20th
"fAgatha Christie", # 20th
"John R. R. Tolkien", # 20th
"John Lennon", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Roger Bacon", # 13th
"William of Ockham", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Francis Bacon", # 16th
"Robert Boyle", # 17th
"Isaac Newton", # 17th
"David Hume", # 18th
"William Herschel", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"John Dalton", # 19th
"Michael Faraday", # 19th
"fMary Anning", # 19th
"Charles Darwin", # 19th
"James Clerk Maxwell", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ernest Rutherford", # 20th
"Alexander Fleming", # 20th
"Alan Turing", # 20th
"fRosalind Franklin", # 20th
"Stephen Hawking", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Alan Rufus", # 11th
"Aaron of Lincoln", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"Francis Drake", # 16th
"William Petty", # 17th
"James Cook", # 18th
"Adam Smith", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"George Hudson", # 19th
"Richard Francis Burton", # 19TH
"Thomas Sutherland", # 19th
"Cecil Rhodes", # 19th
iGlobal,
"John Maynard Keynes", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Henry Yevele", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Inigo Jones", # 17th
"Robert Hooke", # 17th
"Christopher Wren", # 17th
"William Adam", # 18th
"John Harrison", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"James Watt", # 18th
"George Stephenson", # 19th
"Isambard Kingdom Brunel", # 19th
"Henry Bessemer", # 19th
"Charles Babbage", # 19th
"fAda Lovelace", # 19th
iGlobal,
"John Logie Baird", # 20th
"fVictoria Drummond", # 20th
"Frank Whittle", # 20th
"Tim Berners-Lee", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Thomas Becket", # 12th
iRenaissance,
"William Cecil", # 16th
"John Locke", # 17th
"Thomas Hobbes", # 17th
"Robert Walpole", # 18th
"William Pitt", # 18th
"fMary Wollstonecraft", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"William Gladstone", # 19th
"Benjamin Disraeli", # 19th
"Robert Gascoyne-Cecil Salisbury", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Thomas Edward Lawrence", # 20th
"fEmmeline Pankhurst", # 20th
"Clement Atlee", # 20th
"fDiana Spencer", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"William the Conqueror", # 11th
"Richard the Lionheart", # 12th
"Edward III", # 14th
"fMargaret of Anjou", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Oliver Cromwell", # 17th
"John Churchill Marlborough", # 17th
"Horatio Nelson", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Arthur Wellesley Wellington", # 19th
"Edmund Lyons", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Hugh Dowding", # 20th
"Bernard Law Montgomery", # 20th
"Harold Alexander", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Francis Walsingham", # 16th
"Guy Fawkes", # 16th
"fElizabeth Alkin", # 17th
u"John André", # 18th
"Edward Bancroft", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"William Wickham", # 19th
"William Melville", # 19th
"Mansfield Smith-Cumming", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Sidney Reilly", #, 20th
"fVera Atkins", #, 20th
"fLise de Baissac", # 20th
"fMelita Norwood", # 20th
"Ian Fleming", # 20th
"Kim Philby", # 20th
],
},
iCivGermany : {
iGreatProphet : [
"fHildegard von Bingen", # 12th
"Albertus Magnus", # 13th
"Jan Hus", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Martin Luther", # 16th
"Philip Melanchthon", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Theodor Herzl", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Dietrich Bonhoeffer", # 20th
"fEdith Stein", # 20th
"Joseph Ratzinger", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"fRoswitha von Gandersheim", # 10th
u"Albrecht Dürer", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Johann Sebastian Bach", # 17th
"Ludwig van Beethoven", # 18th
"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", # 18th
"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", # 18th
"Friedrich Schiller", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fClara Schumann", # 19th
"Johann Strauss", # 19th
"Richard Wagner", # 19th
"Gustav Klimt", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Stefan Zweig", # 20th
"Paul Klee", # 20th
"fLeni Riefenstahl", # 20th
"Leoreth", # 21st
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Nikolaus von Kues", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Theophrastus von Hohenheim", # 16th
"Gerhard Mercator", # 16th
"Johannes Kepler", # 17th
"Gottfried Leibniz", # 17th
"Leonhard Euler", # 18th
"fCaroline Herschel", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Alexander von Humboldt", # 19th
u"Carl Friedrich Gauß", # 19th
"Ignaz Semmelweis", # 19th
"Gregor Mendel", # 19th
"Ernst Haeckel", # 19th
"Sigmund Freud", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Albert Einstein", # 20th
"Werner Heisenberg", # 20th
"fEmmy Noether", # 20th
"Max Planck", # 20th
u"Erwin Schrödinger", # 20th
"fLise Meitner", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Jakob Fugger", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"fBarbara Uthmann", # 16th
"Johann Hinrich Gossler", # 18th
"Mayer Amschel Rothschild", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Friedrich List", # 19th
"Carl Menger", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Joseph Schumpeter", # 20th
"fMelitta Bentz", # 20th
"Ludwig von Mises", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Heinrich Parler", # 14th
"Peter Parler", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Alfred Krupp", # 19th
"Nikolaus Otto", # 19th
"Gottlieb Daimler", # 19th
"Carl Benz", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ferdinand Porsche", # 20th
"August Horch", # 20th
"Ludwig Mies van der Rohe", # 20th
"Friedensreich Hundertwasser", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Immanuel Kant", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein", # 19th
"Klemens von Metternich", # 19th
"Karl Marx", # 19th
"fBertha von Suttner", # 19th
"Wilhelm Liebknecht", # 19th
"Friedrich Ebert", # 19th
"fRosa Luxemburg", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Konrad Adenauer", # 20th
"fHannah Arendt", # 20th
"Helmut Kohl", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
u"Otto der Große", # 10th
iRenaissance,
"Albrecht von Wallenstein", # 17th
"Eugen von Savoyen", # 17th
u"Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Carl von Clausewitz", # 19th
"Paul von Hindenburg", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Erwin Rommel", # 20th
"Heinz Guderian", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
u"Christian Andreas Käsebier", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Georg Klindworth", # 19th
"Wilhelm Stieber", # 19th
"Alfred Redl", # 19th
"fMaria de Victorica", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"fElsbeth Schragmüller", # 20th
"Wilhelm Canaris", # 20th
"Fritz Joubert Duquesne", # 20th
"Klaus Fuchs", # 20th
"Markus Wolf", # 20th
],
},
iCivRussia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"fOlga", # 10th
"Sergey Radonezhsky", # 14th
"Paisiy Yaroslavov", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Feofan Prokopovich", # 18th
"Seraphim Sarovsky", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fHelena Blavatsky", # 19th
"Grigori Rasputin", # 19th
"Nikolai Rerikh", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Nikolai Berdyaev", # 20th
"Georges Florovsky", # 20th
"Alexei Losev", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Feofan Grek", # 14th
"Andrei Rublev", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Alexander Sumarokov", # 18th
"Fedot Shubin", # 18th
"Gavrila Derzhavin", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Alexander Pushkin", # 19th
"Fyodor Dostoyevsky", # 19th
"Leo Tolstoy", # 19th
"Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", # 19th
"Modest Mussorgsky", # 19th
"Anton Chekov", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Wassily Kandinsky", # 20th
"fAnna Pavlova", # 20th
"fNatalia Goncharova", # 20th
"Dmitri Shostakovich", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Mikhail Lomonosov", # 18th
"Andrei Ivanovich Leksel", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Nikolai Lobachevsky", # 19th
"Mikhail Ostrogradsky", # 20th
"Dmitri Mendeleyev", # 19th
"fSofia Kovalevskaya", # 19th
"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Pavel Cherenkov", # 20th
"Yulii Borisovich Khariton", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Afanasiy Nikitin", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Vitus Bering", # 18th
"Grigory Shelikhov", # 18th
"Pavel Lebedev-Lastochkin", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Ivan Kruzenshtern", # 19th
"Nikolai Chukmaldin", # 19th
"Karl Faberzhe", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Nikolai Kondratiev", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Lazar Serb", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Postnik Yakovlev", # 16th
"Vasily Bazhenov", # 18th
"Ivan Starov", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Vladimir Shukhov", # 19th
"Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Mikhail Kalashnikov", # 20th
"Sergei Korolev", # 20th
"Andrey Tupolev", # 20th
u"Léon Theremin", # 20th
"Vladimir Zvorykin", # 20th
"Igor Sikorsky", # 20th
"fValentina Tereshkova", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Vladimir Sviatoslavich", # 11th
"Yaroslav Mudry", # 11th
"fMarfa Posadnitsa", # 15th
"Ivan Vasilyevich", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Vasily Tatishchev", # 18th
"Nikita Panin", # 18th
"fYekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Mikhail Speransky", # 19th
"Vladimir Lenin", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Leon Trotsky", # 20th
"fAlexandra Kollontai", # 20th
"Andrei Sakharov", # 20th
"Mikhail Gorbachev", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Alexander Nevsky", # 13th
"Ivan Grozny", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Mikhail Romanov", # 17th
"Alexander Suvorov", # 18th
"Grigory Potemkin", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Pavel Nakhimov", # 19th
"Mikhail Skobelev", # 19th
"fVasilisa Kozhina", # 19th
"fNadezhda Durova", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky", # 20th
"Georgy Zhukov", # 20th
"Vasily Chuikov", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Fyodor Romodanovsky", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Aleksandr Benkendorf", # 19th
"Pyotr Rachkovsky", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ilie Catarau", # 20th
"Felix Dzerzhinsky", # 20th
"Ivan Serov", # 20th
u"Sándor Goldberger", # 20th
"Lavrentiy Beria", # 20th
"Oleg Gordievsky", # 20th
],
},
iCivMali : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Wali Keita", # 13th
"Sidi Yahya", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Seku Amadu", # 18th
"Ali Coulibaly", # 18th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Nare Maghann Konate", # 13th
iGlobal,
"Lobi Traore", # 20th
"Ibrahim Aya", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Gaoussou Diawara", # 14th
"Abu al Baraaka", # 12-16th
iRenaissance,
"Mohammed Bagayogo", # 16th
"Ahmed Baba", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Ag Mohammed Kawen", # 19th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Tunka Manin", # 11th
"Abubakari", # 13th
"Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad Biru", # 12-16th
iGlobal,
u"Mandé Sidibé", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Sakura", # 13th
"Al-Qadi Aqib ibn Umar", # 13th
"Abu Es Haq es Saheli", # 14th
"Mohammed Naddah", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Mohammed Bagayogo", # 16th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Askia Muhammad", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"Bitòn Coulibaly", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"Samori Touré", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Modibo Keita", # 20th
u"Alpha Oumar Konaré", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"fYennenga", # 12th
"Sundiata Keita", # 13th
"Askia Muhammad", # 15th
"Sunni Ali", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Askia Daoud", # 16th
"fAminatu", # 16th
"Ngolo Diarra", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fSeh-Dong-Hong-Beh", # 19th
],
},
iCivPoland : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Wojciech", # 10th
"Stanislaw Szczepanowski", # 11th
"fJadwiga", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Piotr z Goniadza", # 16th
"Piotr Skarga", # 16th
"Israel Baal Szem Tow", # 18th
"Eliasz ben Salomon Zalman", # 18th
u"Jakub Józef Frank", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Albert Chmielowski", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"fUrsula Ledóchowska", # 20th
"fFaustina Kowalska", # 20th
"Stefan Wyszynski", # 20th
"Karol Wojtyla", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Jan Kochanowski", # 16th
"Jan Andrzej Morsztyn", # 17th
"Ignacy Krasicki", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Adam Mickiewicz", # 19th
"Fryderyk Chopin", # 19th
"Jan Matejko", # 19th
"Stanislaw Wyspianski", # 19th
u"Józef Konrad Korzeniowski", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fTamara de Lempicka", # 20th
"Witold Lutoslawski", # 20th
"Andrzej Wajda", # 20th
"fWislawa Szymborska", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Witelo", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Mikolaj Kopernik", # 16th
u"Michal Sedziwój", # 17th
"Jan Brozek", # 17th
"Stanislaw Staszic", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof", # 19th
"fMaria Sklodowska", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Kazimierz Funk", # 20th
"Alfred Tarski", # 20th
u"Józef Rotblat", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Konstanty Korniakt", # 16th
"Antoni Protazy Potocki", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Henryk Lubienski", # 19th
"Leopold Kronenberg", # 19th
"Franciszek Ksawery Branicki", # 19th"
iGlobal,
"Maksymilian Faktorowicz", # 20th
"Jan Kulczyk", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Kazimierz Siemienowicz", # 17th
"Tylman Gamerski", # 17th
"Laurynas Gucevicius", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Piotr Steinkeller", # 19th
"Ignacy Lukasiewicz", # 19th
"Stefan Drzewiecki", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Kasimiersz Proszynski", # 20th
"Tadeusz Sendzimir", # 20th
"Stefan Tyszkiewicz", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Wladyslaw Lokietek", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski", # 16th
"Jan Zamoyski", # 16th
"fElzbieta Sieniawska", # 17th
"Stanislaw Staszic", # 18th
"Scipione Piattoli", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Adam Jerzy Czartoryski", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ignacy Daszynski", # 20th
"Jozef Pilsudski", # 20th
"Wladyslaw Sikorski", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Mieszko", # 10th
"Wladyslaw Jagiello", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Jan Tarnowski", # 16th
"Stefan Batory", # 16th
u"Stanislaw Zólkiewski", # 16th
"Stefan Czarniecki", # 17th
"Tadeusz Kosciuszko", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Jan Henryk Dabrowski", # 18th
"Ignacy Pradzynski", # 19th
u"Józef Bem", # 19th
"fEmilia Plater", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Wladyslaw Sikorski", # 20th
"Kazimierz Sosnkowski", # 20th
"Stanislaw Maczek", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki", # 17th
"fZofia Potocka", # 18th
iIndustrial,
u"fKarolina Sobanska", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Jan Kowalewski", # 20th
"Jerzy Sosnowski", # 20th
"Marian Rejewski", # 20th
"Kazimierz Leski", # 20th
"fKrystyna Skarbek", # 20th
u"Ryszard Kuklinski", # 20th
],
},
iCivPortugal : {
iGreatProphet : [
u"António de Lisboa", # 13th
u"fIsabel de Aragão", # 14th
iRenaissance,
u"João de Deus", # 16th
u"João de Brito", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"fRita Lopes de Almeida", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Agostinho da Silva", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
u"Fernão Lopes", # 15th
u"Nuno Gonçalves", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"Luís de Camões", # 16th
u"António Ferreira", # 16th
u"João de Barros", # 16th
"Machado de Castro", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Antero de Quental", # 19th
u"José Maria de Eça de Queirós", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Fernando Pessoa", # 20th
u"fAmália Rodrigues", # 20th
u"José Saramago", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Garcia de Orta", # 16th
"Pedro Nunes", # 16th
"Amato Lusitano", # 16th
"Bartolomeu de Gusmao", # 18th
"Jacob de Castro Sarmento", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Froilano de Mello", # 20th
"Abel Salazar", # 20th
u"António Egas Moniz", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Vasco da Gama", # 15th
"Francisco de Almeida", # 15th
"Henrique o Navegador", # 15th
"Bartolomeu Dias", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"Pedro Álvares Cabral", # 15th
u"Fernão Pires de Andrade", # 16th
"fGracia Mendes Nasi", # 16th
u"Fernão Mendes Pinto", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"fAntonia Ferreira", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"António Champalimaud", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Mateus Fernandes", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Diogo de Arruda", # 16th
"Diogo de Boitaca", # 16th
u"João Antunes", # 17th
u"Bartolomeu de Gusmão", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Carlos Amarante", # 18th
iGlobal,
u"José Marques da Silva", # 20th
u"Álvaro Siza Vieira", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Henrique de Avis", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"Tristão da Cunha", # 16th
u"João o Restaurador", # 17th
u"fLuisa de Guzmán", # 17th
u"Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Afonso Costa", # 20th
u"António de Oliveria Salazar", # 20th
u"António Guterres", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Geraldo sem Pavor", # 12th
u"Nuno Álvares Pereira", # 14th
u"Álvaro Vaz de Almada", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Afonso de Albuquerque", # 15th
"Matias de Albuquerque", # 17th
iIndustrial,
u"António José Severim de Noronha", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Roderigo Lopez", # 16th
iGlobal,
u"Agostinho Lourenço", # 20th
],
},
iCivInca : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Yahuar Huacac", # 14th
"fAsarpay", # 16th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Viracocha", # legendary
"Ninan Cuyochi", # 16th
"fPalla Chimpu Ocllo", # 16th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Sinchi Roca", # 12th
"Mayta Qhapaq Inka", # 13th
"Manqu Qhapaq", # 13th
"Inka Roq'a", # 14th
"Waskar Inka", # 16th
"Titu Cusi", # 16th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Tupaq Inka Yupanki", # 15th
"Felipillo", # 16th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Qhapaq Yunpanki Inka", # 14th
"Sayri Tupaq Inka", # 16th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"Mayta Cápac", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Manco Inca Yupanqui", # 16th
"fMama Huaco", # 16th
u"Tápac Amaru", # 18th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Pachakutiq Inka Yupanki", # 15th
"Atawallpa", # 16th
"Manqu Inka Yupanki", # 16th
"Thupaq Amaru", # 16th
"Chalcuchimaq", # 16th
"Quisquis", # 16th
iRenaissance,
"fBartolina Sisa", # 18th
u"Túpac Amaru", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fJuana Azurduy de Padilla", # 19th
],
},
iCivItaly : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Tommaso d'Aquino", # 13th
"Francesco d'Assisi", # 13th
"fGuglielma", # 13th
"fCaterina di Giacomo di Benincasa", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Giuliano della Rovere", # 15th
"Camillo Borghese", # 16th
"Giulio de' Medici", # 16th
"Matteo Ricci", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti", # 19th
"Giovanni Bosco", # 19th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Dante Alighieri", # 13th
"Giotto di Bondone", # 14th
"Giovanni Boccaccio", # 14th
"Donatello", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Michelangelo Buonarroti", # 16th
"Raffaello Sanzio", # 16th
"fSofonisba Anguissola", # 16th
"Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio", # 16th
"Claudio Monteverdi", # 17th
"fArtemisia Gentileschi", # 17th
"Antonio Vivaldi", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Alessandro Manzoni", # 19th
"Giuseppe Verdi", # 19th
"Giacomo Puccini", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Umberto Boccioni", # 20th
"fGrazia Deledda", # 20th
"Federico Fellini", # 20th
u"Gian Maria Volontè", # Contest Reward
],
iGreatScientist : [
"fTrotula di Salerno", # 12th
"Francesco Petrarca", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Pico della Mirandola", # 15th
"Giordano Bruno", # 16th
"Galileo Galilei", # 16th
"fElena Cornaro Piscopia", # 17th
"Luigi Galvani", # 18th
"Alessandro Volta", # 18th
"fMaria Gaetana Agnesi", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Amedeo Avogadro", # 19th
"Camillo Golgi", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fMaria Montessori", # 20th
"Enrico Fermi", # 20th
"fRita Levi-Montalcini", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Marco Polo", # 13th
"Simone de' Bardi", # 13th
"Giovanni de' Medici", # 14th
"Donato Peruzzi", # 14th
"Ciriaco de Ancona", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Giovanni Caboto", # 15th
"Amerigo Vespucci", # 15th
"fTullia d'Aragona", # 16th
iGlobal,
"Enzo Ferrari", # 20th
"Gianni Versace", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Taccola", # 15th
"Filippo Brunelleschi", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Leon Battista Alberti", # 15th
"Leonardo da Vinci", # 15th
"Donato Bramante", # 15th
"Andrea Palladio", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Alois Negrelli", # 19th
"Antonio Meucci", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Guglielmo Marconi", # 20th
"Giovanni Battista Caproni", # 20th
"Angiolo Mazzoni", # 20th
"Gabriele Trovato", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Giovanni Villani", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"fLucrezia Borgia", # 15th
u"Niccolò Machiavelli", # 15th
"fIsabella d'Este", # 16th
"Francesco Guicciardini", # 16th
"Giambattista Vico", # 18th
"Cesare Beccaria", # 18th
"Pasquale Paoli", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Giuseppe Garibaldi", # 19th
"Giuseppe Mazzini", # 19th
"Francesco Crispi", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Antonio Gramsci", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"fMatilde di Canossa", # 11th
"Enrico Dandolo", # 13th
"Simone Boccanegra", # 14th
"Francesco Sforza", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Cesare Borgia", # 15th
"Andrea Doria", # 16th
"Sebastiano Venier", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora", # 19th
"Giuseppe Garibaldi", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Rodolfo Graziani", # 20th
"Giovanni Messe", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Andrea Gritti", # 15th
"Gaspar Graziani", # 17th
"Giacomo Casanova", # 18th
iGlobal,
"fLuisa Zeni", # 20th
"Maurizio Giglio", # 20th
"Rodolfo Siviero", # 20th
],
},
iCivMongols : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Abaqa", # 13th
"Arghun", # 13th
"Sartaq", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Zanabazar", # 17th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Oghul Qaimish", # 13th
"Tolui", # 13th
"Uzbeg", # 14th
iGlobal,
"Siqin Gaowa", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Isa Khelmerchi", # 13th
"Kaidu", # 13th
"Nasir al-Din al-Tusi", # 13th (also Persian)
"Ulugh Beg", # 15th
"Mandukhai", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Nurhaci", # 16th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Hulagu", # 13th
u"Güyük", # 13th
"Mengu-Timur", # 13th
"Gaykhatu", # 13th
"Qawsun", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Altan", # 16th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Duwa", # 13th
"Zhang Wenqian", # 13th
"Toqta", # 14th
"Ismail", # 14th
iGlobal,
"Li Siguang", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Batu Khan", # 13th
"Urtu Saqal", # 13th
"fOrghana", # 13th
"Ghazan", # 13th
u"Temür Khan", # 13th
"Dayan Khan", # 15th
iIndustrial,
"Balingiin Tserendorj", # 19th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Toghril", # 12th
"Ogodei", # 13th
"Chagatai", # 13th
u"Möngke", # 13th
"fKhutulun", # 13th
],
},
iCivAztecs : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Tenoch", # 14th
"Tlacateotl", # 15th
"fPapantzin", # 15th
"Ixtlilxochitl", # 15th
"fYacotzin", # 16th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Cuacuauhtzin", # 15th
"Nezahualcoyotl", # 15th
"Xayacamach", # 15th
"fMacuilxochitzin", # 15th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Axayacatl", # 15th
"Ixtlilxochitl", # 16th
"Coanacochtzin", # 16th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Cuauhtemoc", # 16th
"Tlacotzin", # 16th
"fTecuichpoch Ixcaxochitzin", # 16th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Itzcatl", # 15th
"Tlacaelel", # 15th
"Moquihuix", # 15th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Acamapichtli", # 14th
"Quaquapitzahuac", # 15th
"Tezozomoctli", # 15th
"Nezahualcoyotl", # 15th
"Nezahualpilli", # 15th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Tezozomoc", # 14th
"Ahuitzotl", # 15th
"Itzcoatl", # 15th
"Maxtla", # 15th
"Huitzilhuitl", # 15th
"Chimalpopoca", # 15th
],
},
iCivMughals : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Guru Ram Das", # 16th
"Guru Arjan", # 16th
"Hiravijaya ji", # 16th
"Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai", # 18th
"Bulleh Shah", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Mirza Ghulam Ahmad", # 19th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Basawan", # 16th
"fShahzadi Gulbadan Begum", # 16th
"Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak", # 16th
"Abd al-Samad", # 16th
"Ustad Mansur", # 17th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman", # 16th
"Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak", # 16th
"Abd-ul-Qadir Bada'uni", # 16th
"Muhammad Salih Tahtawi", # 17th
"Sawai Jai Singh", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Khwaja Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad", # 19th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Sher Shah Suri", # 16th
"Raja Todar Mal", # 16th
"Virji Vora", # 17th
"Mir Jumla", # 17th
"Yahya Saleh", # 16th
"Khan Alam", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Mian Muhammad Mansha", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Fathullah Shirazi", # 16th
"Ustad Ahmad Lahauri", # 17th
"Muhammad Saleh Thattvi", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Abdur Rahman Hye", # 20th
"Abdul Qadeer Khan", # 20th
"Munir Ahmad Khan", # 20th
"fYasmeen Lari", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"fRazia Sultana", # 13th
"Ziauddin Barani", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Raja Birbal", # 16th
"fMaham Anga", # 16th
"Babur", # 16th
"Abu'l-Fazl ibn Muhammad", # 16th
iGlobal,
"Muhammad Ali Jinnah", # 20th
"Choudhry Ali", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur", # 15th
"Mir Baqi", # 15th
"Bayram Khan", # 16th
"Abul Muzaffar Aurangzeb", # 17th
"Abudullah Khan Barha", # 18th
"Ali Vardi Khan", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"fBegum Hazrat Mahal", # 19th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Hamid Gul", # 20th
],
},
iCivOttomans : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Sheikh Bedreddin", # 14th
"Akshamsaddin", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Sabatai Zevi", # 17th
"Yaakov Culi", # 18th
iGlobal,
u"Fethullah Gülen", # 20th
u"Mustafa Çagrici", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Yunus Emre", # 13th
iRenaissance,
u"Hayâlî", # 16th
u"Fuzûlî", # 16th
u"Gül Baba", # 16th
u"Ahmet Nedîm Efendi", # 18th
"Abdullah Buhari", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Osman Hamdi Bey", # 19th
"fFatma Aliye Topuz", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fHalide Edib Adivar", # 20th
"Mehmet Akif Ersoy", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Qazi Zada", # 14th
"Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu", # 15th
u"Ali Kusçu", # 15th
iRenaissance,
u"Matrakçi Nasuh", # 16th
u"Takiyüddin", # 16th
u"Ibrahim Müteferrika", # 18th
iGlobal,
"Cahit Arf", # 20th
"Oktay Sinanoglu", # 20th
u"Feza Gürsey", # 20th
"Aziz Sancar", # 21th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Piri Reis", # 16th
"Seydi Ali Reis", # 16th
u"Evliya Çelebi", # 17th
iIndustrial,
u"Abdülmecid", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Hormuzd Rassam", # 20th
"Nejat Eczacibashi", # 20th
"Aydin Dogan", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Orban", # 15th
"Atik Sinan", # 15th
iRenaissance,
"Mimar Sinan", # 16th
"Davud Aga", # 16th
u"Takiyüddin", # 16th
iIndustrial,
"Ishak Efendi", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Mimar Kemaleddin", # 20th
u"Ekmel Özbay", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Sheikh Edebali", # 13th
iRenaissance,
"Pargali Ibrahim Pasha", # 16th
"fHurrem Sultan", # 16th
"Sokollu Mehmet Pasha", # 16th
u"fKösem Sultan", # 17th
iGlobal,
u"Ismet Inönü", # 20th
u"Süleyman Demirel", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Orhan", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Hayreddin Barbarossa", # 16th
"Selim", # 16th
"Turgut Reis", # 16th
"Kara Mustafa Pasha", # 17th
iGlobal,
"fKara Fatma", # 20th
"Ismail Enver", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
u"Süleyman Askerî", # 20th
"fDespina Storch", # 20th
],
},
iCivThailand : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Lithai", # 14th (Mahathammaracha I)
"Luang Pu Thuat", # 17th
"Upali Thera", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Somdej Toh", # 19th
"Paramanuchitchinorot", # 19th
"Vajirananavarorasa", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro", # 20th
"Phra Dharmakosacarya", # 20th
"fChandra Khonnokyoong", # 20th
"Ajahn Chah", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Si Prat", # 17th
"Thammathibet", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Khrua In Khong", # 19th
"Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai", # 19th (Rama II)
"Sunthorn Phu", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Pin Malakul", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Ramkhamhaeng", # 13th
iIndustrial,
"Dan Beach Bradley", # 19th
"Damrong Rajanubhab", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Mahidol Adulyadej", # 20th
"Phraya Anuman Rajadhon", # 20th
"fKrisana Kraisintu", # 20th
"Shaiwatna Kupratakul", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Uthong", # 14th
"Yamada Nagamasa", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Low Kiok Chiang", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Puey Ungphakorn", # 20th
"fLursakdi Sampatisiri", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Chettathirat", # 16th
"Tok Kayan", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Ravi Ravendro", # 20th (a.k.a. Karl Döhring)
"Ercole Manfredi", # 20th
"Purachatra Jayakara", # 20th
"Punya Thitimajshima", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Borommatrailokkanat", # 15h
"Narai", # 17th
"Kosa Pan", # 17th
"Chaophraya Wichayen", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Prayurawongse", # 19th
"Sri Suriwongse", # 19th
"Chulalongkorn", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Pridi Banomyong", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Ramesuan", # 16th
"Chaiyachetthathirat", # 16th
"Taksin", # 18th
"Phraya Phichai", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Thongduang", # 19th
"Bodindecha", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena", # 20th
"Plaek Phibunsongkhram", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"fThao Suranari", # 19th
]
},
iCivCongo : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Nzinga a Nkuwu", # 15th
"Kinu a Mvemba", # 16th
"Ilunga Mbili", # 16th
iRenaissance,
"Nkanga a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba", # 17th
"fKimpa Vita", # 17th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi", # 17th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Mwata Yamvo", # 16th
"Ng'anga Bilonda", # 16th
"Kalala Ilunga", # 17th
"fNzinga", # 17th
iGlobal,
"Patrice Lumumba", # 20th
"Joseph Kasa-Vubu", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Lukeni lua Nimi", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"fNzinga", # 17th
"Nusamu a Mvemba", # 18th
"fKangala Kingwanda", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa horsehockyambi", # 19th
],
},
iCivNetherlands : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Geert Grote", # 14th
iRenaissance,
"Desiderius Erasmus", # 16th
"Menno Simons", # 16th
"Jakob Hermanszoon", # 16th
"Baruch Spinoza", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Abraham Kuyper", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fAlida Bosshardt", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Hendrick de Keyser", # 16th
"Rembrandt van Rijn", # 17th
"Johannes Vermeer", # 17th
"Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft", # 17th
"fTitia Bergsma", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Multatuli", # 19th
"Vincent van Gogh", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Piet Mondrian", # 20th
"Maurits Cornelis Escher", # 20th
"fAnna Maria Geertruida Schmidt", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Willebrord Snel van Royen", # 16th
"Christiaan Huygens", # 17th
"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek", # 17th
"Govert Bidloo", # 17th
"fAnna Maria van Schurman", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Johannes Diderik van der Waals", # 19th
"Hendrik Antoon Lorentz", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Jan Hendrik Oort", # 20th
"Gerrit Pieter Kuiper", # 20th
"Edsger Wybe Dijkstra", # 20th
"Willem Johan Kolff", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Willem Barentsz", # 16th
"Cornelis de Houtman", # 16th
"fKenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer", # 16th
"Antony van Diemen", # 17th
"Abel Tasman", # 17th
"Pieter Stuyvesant", # 17th
"Jan van Riebeeck", # 17th
"Jan Coen", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Clemens Brenninkmeijer", # 19th
"August Kessler", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Freddy Heineken", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Simon Stevin", # 16th
"Cornelis Corneliszoon", # 16th
"Cornelis Drebbel", # 17th
"Jan Leeghwater", # 17th
"Menno van Coehoorn", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Adolphe Sax", # 19th
"Cornelis Lely", # 19th
"Hendrik Petrus Berlage", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Anton Philips", # 20th
"Gerrit Rietveld", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Desiderius Erasmus", # 16th
"Johan van Oldenbarnevelt", # 16th
"Johan de Witt", # 17th
"Adriaen van der Donck", # 17th
"Hugo Grotius", # 17th
"Cornelis de Graeff", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Johan Thorbecke", # 19th
"fAletta Jacobs", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Willem Drees", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Maurits van Nassau", # 16th
"Piet Pieterszoon Hein", # 16th
"Michiel de Ruyter", # 17th
"Frederik Hendrik", # 17th
"Cornelis Tromp", # 17th
iIndustrial,
"Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz", # 19th
"Henri Winkelman", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"fJohanna Brandt", # 19th
"Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fMata Hari", # 20th
"Dirk Klop", # 20th
u"François van 't Sant", # 20th
],
},
iCivAmerica : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Joseph Smith", # 19th
"fMary Baker Eddy", # 19th
"fEllen G. White", # 19th
"Charles Taze Russell", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Menachem Mendel Schneerson", # 20th
"L. Ron Hubbard", # 20th
"Billy Graham", # 20th
"Malcolm Little", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Edgar Allan Poe", # 19th
"Mark Twain", # 19th
"fEmily Dickinson", # 19th
"Herman Melville", # 19th
"fMary Cassatt", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Howard Phillips Lovecraft", # 20th
"Ernest Hemingway", # 20th
"Charlie Chaplin", # 20th
"Elvis Presley", # 20th
"fHarper Lee", # 20th
"Andy Warhol", # 20th
"Miles Davis", # 20th
"Jimi Hendrix", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Benjamin Franklin", # 18th
"fNettie Stevens", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Arthur Compton", # 20th
"Edwin Hubble", # 20th
"John von Neumann", # 20th
"Glenn Seaborg", # 20th
"Robert Oppenheimer", # 20th
"Richard Feynman", # 20th
"fBarbara McClintock", # 20th
"fGrace Hopper", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Cornelius Vanderbilt", # 19th
"John D. Rockefeller", # 19th
"Andrew Carnegie", # 19th
"fHetty Green", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fHelena Rubinstein", # 20th
"William Edward Boeing", # 20th
"Bill Gates", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Thomas Edison", # 19th
"Nikola Tesla", # 19th
"Henry Ford", # 19th
"Charles Goodyear", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Orville Wright", # 20th
"Frank Lloyd Wright", # 20th
"fLillian Moller Gilbreth", # 20th
"fHedy Lamarr", # 20th
"fMargaret Hutchinson Rousseau", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Thomas Paine", # 18th
"Thomas Jefferson", # 18th
"Benjamin Franklin", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Andrew Jackson", # 19th
"fSojourner Truth", # 19th
"Frederick Douglass", # 19th
"fVictoria Claflin Woodhull", # 19th
"fSusan B. Anthony", # 19th
"fJane Addams", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fEleanor Roosevelt", # 20th
"George Kennan", # 20th
"Martin Luther King", # 20th
"Henry Kissinger", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Andrew Jackson", # 19th
"Ulysses S. Grant", # 19th
"Robert E. Lee", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Dwight D. Eisenhower", # 20th
"George Patton", # 20th
"Douglas MacArthur", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Benjamin Tallmadge", # 18th
"Allan Pinkerton", # 19th
"fBelle Boyd", # 19th
"fElizabeth Van Lew", # 19th
iGlobal,
"William J. Donovan", # 20th
"J. Edgar Hoover", # 20th
"James Jesus Angleton", # 20th
"fVirginia Hall", # 20th
"fElizabeth Friedman", # 20th
],
},
iCivMexico : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Juan Diego", # 16th
"Francisco Javier Clavijero", # 18th
u"Cristóbal Magallanes Jara", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Rafael Guízar Valencia", # 20th
"Miguel Pro", # 20th
"Samuel Ruiz", # 20th
u"Javier Lozano Barragán", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
u"fÁngela Peralta", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"José Clemente Orozco", # 20th
"Diego Rivera", # 20th
"fFrida Kahlo", # 20th
"Octavio Paz", # 20th
"fRemedios Varo", # 20th
u"fDolores del Río", # 20th
"Pedro Infante", # 20th
"Carlos Fuentes", # 20th
u"Vicente Fernández", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Gabino Barreda", # 19th
u"Lucas Alamán", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Manuel Sandoval Vallarta", # 20th
"Ricardo Miledi", # 20th
u"Mario José Molina", # 20th
"Rodolfo Neri Vela", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
u"Víctor Urquidi", # 20th
u"Jerónimo Arango", # 20th
"Carlos Slim", # 20th
"Everardo Elizondo", # 20th
u"Alberto Baillères", # 20th
u"Emilio Azcárraga Jean", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
u"José Villagrán García", # 20th
u"Luis Barragán", # 20th
"Juan O'Gorman", # 20th
"Mario Pani", # 20th
u"Pedro Ramírez Vázquez", # 20th
"Bernardo Quintana Arrioja", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"José María Pino Suárez", # 19th
"Pascual Orozco", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"José Vasconcelos", # 20th
"Octavio Paz", # 20th
"fElvia Carrillo Puerto", # 20th
"fRosario Castellanos", # 20th
u"Alfonso García Robles", # 20th
u"Gilberto Bosques Saldívar", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Miguel Hidalgo", # 18th
u"Agustín de Iturbide", # 19th
u"fJosefa Ortiz de Domínguez", # 19th
u"Porfirio Díaz", # 19th
"Pancho Villa", # 19th
"Emiliano Zapata Salazar", # 19th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"fMargarita Ortega", # 19th
],
},
iCivArgentina : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Gauchito Gil", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Enrique Angelelli", # 20th
"Carlos Mugica", # 20th
"Jorge Mario Bergoglio", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
u"José Hernández", # 19th
"fLola Mora", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Carlos Gardel", # 20th
"fGabriela Mistral", # 20th
"Jorge Luis Borges", # 20th
"Antonio Berni", # 20th
"Daniel Barenboim", # 20th
u"Juan José Campanella", # 20th
"Gustavo Cerati", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Francisco Moreno", # 19th
"Florentino Ameghino", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Luis Federico Leloir", # 20th
u"László Bíró", # 20th
u"René Favaloro", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Juan Las Heras", # 19th
"Otto Bemberg", # 19th
"Ernesto Tornquist", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"José Ber Gelbard", # 20th
"Roberto Alemann", # 20th
"Jorge Wehbe", # 20th
"Aldo Ferrer", # 20th
"Antonio Cafiero", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Luis Huergo", # 19th
"Jorge Newbery", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Amancio Williams", # 20th
"Livio Dante Porta", # 20th
"Clorindo Testa", # 20th
u"César Pelli", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
"Juan Manuel de Rosas", # 19th
"Domingo Faustino Sarmiento", # 19th
"Estanislao Zeballos", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Carlos Saavedra Lamas", # 20th
"Juan Atilio Bramuglia", # 20th
u"fEva Perón", # 20th
"Ernesto Guevara", # 20th
u"fIsabel Martínez de Perón", # 20th
"fEstela Barnes de Carlotto", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Cornelio Saavedra", # 18th
"Manuel Belgrano", # 18th
u"Juan José Castelli", # 18th
u"Martín Miguel de Güemes", # 18th
u"José Gervasio Artigas", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Juan Carlos Onganía", # 20th
"Jorge Rafael Videla", # 20th
"Leopoldo Galtieri", # 20th
"Jorge Anaya", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"Emilio Eduardo Massera", # 20th
"Guillermo Gaede", # 20th
],
},
iCivColombia : {
iGreatProphet : [
"fLaura Montoya", # 20th
u"Félix Restrepo Mejía", # 20th
"Camilo Torres Restrepo", # 20th
u"Alfonso López Trujillo", # 20th
u"Julio Enrique Dávila", # 20th
u"fMaría Luisa Piraquive", # 20th
u"César Castellanos", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Jorge Isaacs", # 19th
u"Andrés de Santa Maria", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Rodrigo Arenas", # 20th
u"Álvaro Mutis", # 20th
u"Gabriel García Márquez", # 20th
"Fernando Botero", # 20th
"Rafael Orozco", # 20th
u"Rodrigo García", # 20th
"fShakira", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
u"José Jéronimo Triana", # 19th
"Julio Garavito Armero", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Rodolfo Llinás", # 20th
"Jorge Reynolds Pombo", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"James Martin Eder", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Julio Mario Santo Domingo", # 20th
u"Carlos Ardila Lülle", # 20th
"Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
u"Carlos Albán", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Carlos Raúl Villanueva", # 20th
"Rogelio Salmona", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera", # 19th
u"Rafael Núñez", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Jorge Eliécer Gaitán", # 20th
u"Nicolás Gómez Dávila", # 20th
u"Mario Lanserna Pinzón", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"fAntonia Santos", # 19th
u"Antonio Nariño", # 19th
"Francisco de Paula Santander", # 19th
],
iGreatSpy : [
u"fManuela Sáenz", # 19th
]
},
iCivBrazil : {
iGreatProphet : [
u"António Conselheiro", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Hélder Câmara", # 20th
u"fIrmã Dulce Pontes", # 20th
"Chico Xavier", # 20th
"Edir Macedo", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Aleijadinho", # 18th
u"António Carlos Gomes", # 19th
"Machado de Assis", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fTarsila do Amaral", # 20th
"fCarmen Miranda", # 20th
"Tom Jobim", # 20th
"Romero Britto", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"Oswaldo Cruz", # 19th
"Carlos Chagas", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Alberto Santos-Dumont", # 20th
"Urbano Ernesto Stumpf", # 20th
u"Aziz Ab'Sáber", # 20th
"Marcelo Gleiser", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"Roberto Marinho", # 20th
"Jorge Lemann", # 20th
"Eike Batista", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
u"André Rebouças", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"Cândido Rondon", # 20th
"Oscar Niemeyer", # 20th
"Norberto Odebrecht", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"José Bonifácio de Andrada", # 18th
iIndustrial,
"Rodrigo Augusto da Silva", # 19th
u"José Paranhos", # 19th
u"fIsabel Bragança", # 19th
"Miguel Reale", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Roberto Mangabeira Unger", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
u"Luís Alves de Lima e Silva", # 19th
"Joaquim Marques Lisboa", # 19th
u"fMaria Quitéria", # 19th
iGlobal,
u"João Baptista Mascarenhas de Morais", # 20th
"Eurico Gaspar Dutra", # 20th
"Artur da Costa e Silva", # 20th
],
},
iCivCanada : {
iGreatProphet : [
"Ignace Bourget", # 19th
u"André Bessette", # 20th
iGlobal,
"Lionel Groulx", # 20th
"George C. Pidgeon", # 20th
u"fRúhíyyih Khánum", # 20th
"Marshall McLuhan", # 20th
],
iGreatArtist : [
"Cornelius Krieghoff", # 19th
u"Calixa Lavallée", # 19th
"Tom Thomson", # 19th
u"Émile Nelligan", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Lawren Harris", # 20th
"fEmily Carr", # 20th
"Jean-Paul Riopelle", # 20th
"Neil Young", # 20th
"fGabrielle Roy", # 20th
"fAlice Munro", # 20th
],
iGreatScientist : [
"John William Dawson", # 19th
"fMaude Abbott", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Frederick Banting", # 20th
"Norman Bethune", # 20th
"Wilder Penfield", # 20th
"Pierre Dansereau", # 20th
"fShirley Tilghman", # 20th
"David Suzuki", # 20th
],
iGreatMerchant : [
"William McMaster", # 19th
"Timothy Eaton", # 19th
"Alphonse Desjardins", # 19th
iGlobal,
"fElizabeth Arden", # 20th
"Max Aitken", # 20th
"Ted Rogers", # 20th
u"Guy Laliberté", # 20th
],
iGreatEngineer : [
"Sandford Fleming", # 19th
"William Cornelius Van Horne", # 19th
"Alexander Graham Bell", # 19th
"Reginald Fessenden", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Ernest Cormier", # 20th
"Joseph-Armand Bombardier", # 20th
"fElsie MacGill", # 20th
],
iGreatStatesman : [
u"George-Étienne Cartier", # 19th
"Louis Riel", # 19th
"Henri Bourassa", # 19th
iGlobal,
"Lester B. Pearson", # 20th
"fEmily Murphy", # 20th
"fNellie McClung", # 20th
"Tommy Douglas", # 20th
u"René Lévesque", # 20th
"fLouise Arbour", # 20th
],
iGreatGeneral : [
"Arthur Currie", # 20th
"Andrew McNaughton", # 20th
"Billy Bishop", # 20th
u"Roméo Dallaire", # 20th
],
iGreatSpy : [
"William Stephenson", # 20th
"Guy D'Artois", # 20th
"Igor Gouzenko", # 20th
],