The Christian Bible includes a story of creation, does it not?
All Bronze Age mythology does to my knowledge, but these days, I would imagine that the majority of Christians do not hold the Bible to be an accurate account of creation.
The Christian Bible includes a story of creation, does it not?
Yes, and creationism holds that this story is a literal account of actual events. You don't have to believe the same to be a Christian.
The Christian Bible includes a story of creation, does it not?
Thank you for this post. Rely on science before "history", since anyone can make up a story about, well, anything really.
Sure you could. But why do you require this sort of consistency? Not to mention that certain aspects of the Bible are more central to Christianity than others. You can disbelieve Genesis and still be a Christian. You can't disbelieve that God or Jesus exist and still be a Christian.I suppose so. But if this is not to be taken literally, why should any of it be? We can simply dismiss the story of Jesus as a fictional character who serves as a model for the ordinary Christian (or anyone, for that matter). If you would like to really dig deep with the metaphors, we can take God as not a real being but instead just a reminder to do the right thing. Such outlooks come back to bite the user in said way.
Sure you could. But why do you require this sort of consistency? Not to mention that certain aspects of the Bible are more central to Christianity than others. You can disbelieve Genesis and still be a Christian. You can't disbelieve that God or Jesus exist and still be a Christian.
For many the Bible is merely a guidebook to understand Jesus' teachings, which are the core values of Christianity. In what time and matter the Earth and all it's occupants were created don't have to be important.
Before we get bogged down about the word "believe" I'll take it you meant: "assume". Not that you couldn't use the word there, but lets say I've been here beforeYes, that is true. But my point is, if Genesis is false, proven so by fact, and is not to be taken literally, why should we simply believe that the rest of it is not?
Well, there's also a couple of nuances to that. I agree that there are many who say they follow Jesus' teachings and are aware they're merely uttering the words without actually having the intent. And there are those who have the intent but fail to reach the standards set by Jesus because of human limitations.This is also true. The problem with this, however, is that too many people say they believe Jesus' teachings to be good, but don't follow them themselves. An example would be how Jesus gave all of the starving food and healed the sick, while Christian politicians do the complete opposite.
For the last two centuries it has been common teaching in Sunday School that there is a gate in Jerusalem called the eye of the needle through which a camel could not pass unless it stooped and first had all its baggage first removed. After dark, when the main gates were shut, travellers or merchants would have to use this smaller gate, through which the camel could only enter unencumbered and crawling on its knees! Great sermon material, with the parallels of coming to God on our knees without all our baggage. A lovely story and an excellent parable for preaching but unfortunately unfounded!
What we have instead then, I believe, is a beautiful Hebrew hyperbole, as in the tree sticking out of one's eye whilst one is removing a speck in another's eye!
Why shouldn't we?Yes, that is true. But my point is, if Genesis is false, proven so by fact, and is not to be taken literally, why should we simply believe that the rest of it is not?
Why shouldn't we?
That Newton was an alchemist doesn't invalidate Newtonian mechanics.
Yeah, sure (and it's really weird that I'm defending the Bible of all people). It's just, when criticizing Newtonian mechanics, we shouldn't look at what Newton did with alchemy. Similarly, criticize the Christian concept of God all you like, but the validity of Genesis really doesn't have that much bearing on it (actually if I had to, using Genesis as a source would rather help me to argue that God is kind of a dick).Certainly, but his theories were tested and proven; I just mean to look with a questioning eye, that's all.
Yeah, sure (and it's really weird that I'm defending the Bible of all people). It's just, when criticizing Newtonian mechanics, we shouldn't look at what Newton did with alchemy. Similarly, criticize the Christian concept of God all you like, but the validity of Genesis really doesn't have that much bearing on it (actually if I had to, using Genesis as a source would rather help me to argue that God is kind of a dick).
I call upon all so called "scientists" to disprove my theory that god is real.
God is an invisible force, neither has it got mass nor is it measurable in any other way.
It is the beginning and the end. We are its creation.
All came out of it.
Until you can disprove it, it is true, correct?
The basic idea goes like this: God, whom I tend to refer to as Fred in the discussion of this theory, used His powers to cause the Big Bang. Since then, he's been watching the universe as it has developed because He wanted to see what would happen (because He didn't know). But Fred does not interfere in the universe, and Fred did not design the outcome. For instance, Fred did not try to manipulate the initial conditions so as to cause humans as a species to appear; it's just one of the many things He has observed while the experiment continues. Too, humans have no souls and when they die they're dead; they're just part of the universe which resulted from Fred's one action in setting the whole thing off. Fred does not listen to prayer; Fred does not interfere. Fred just watches, and He's just as surprised by what's happening as we are.
He is not part of the universe and is not subject to its laws, and is capable of watching it in a way which does not affect it, quantum mechanics notwithstanding. If it pleases you to do so, think of Fred as running the universe as a gigantic computer simulation, where He can see what's going on by getting printouts every once in a while or by watching some sort of massive graphics display. Or perhaps He's feeling the lumps underneath the curves of space induced by all mass, Braille-style.
In Fred's creation, everything happens strictly mechanistically; the only thing Fred ever did was to start it all in a way which Fred deliberately made indistinguishable from a natural equivalent. Fred has made the active decision to do nothing which would perturb the natural process of development of the universe, and Fred makes no mistakes.
By the way, this doesn't come out of whole cloth. It's more or less a modern statement of what was known about 200 years ago as "Deism", which at the time was the closest anyone who was intellectually honest could be to atheism before the advent of modern science. Deism used God as an explanation for the existence of the universe. It posited that God created the universe and then went somewhere else.
According to the Theory of Fred the apathetic God, the resulting universe would be completely identical to a totally mechanistic universe, and therefore there could be no conceivable piece of empirical evidence which would be different in Fred's creation relative to a mechanistic universe. There's no empirical way to tell them apart. Equally, there's no obvious intrinsic contradiction involved in the Theory of Fred. There is no case where the Theory predicts that a given statement is both true and false via different calculations.
The fact that we can't explain where Fred came from isn't a contradiction; it's just an unanswered and perhaps unanswerable question. The fact that we can't answer it doesn't mean the Theory of Fred is wrong. (And that argument is a dangerous one for an atheist, because there are lot of things we atheists cannot yet explain.)
Therefore, the Theory of Fred represents a counter example to my form of the strong statement regarding proof of atheism. There is no way for us to disprove the Theory of Fred the apathetic God, and reductio ad absurdum fails because we have demonstrated one alternative which cannot be proven to be false. (And we only need one.)
Within mechanistic atheism, you have people who think that atheism is somehow scientific and actually can be proved, and others who understand that atheism is a religious belief which is no more susceptible to actual proof than any other religious belief. I am among the latter group; The Raving Atheist clearly states his opinion that atheism is provable and stands with the former.
I cannot speak for him but I can speak of the general arguments made by those who do think that atheism can be proved, whom I'll refer to henceforth as "proof atheists", as opposed to "belief atheists" like me. I'm also going to be making reference to theists and unlike The Raving Atheist I'll be trying not to presume the universality of Christian dogma amongst all theists.
One argument that proof atheists raise regarding the Theory of Fred is that Fred as described isn't omnipotent or omniscient, and as such isn't really a God. But though Christianity ascribes those characteristics to its own deity, many other religions do not, and it is not logically required that all religions do so. It's very common in pantheistic religions for the deities to be less than totally omnipotent and totally omniscient; Zeus and Jupiter and Odin were not. And though I'm not an expert, I believe that none of the members of the Hindu pantheon are omnipotent and omniscient. For mechanistic atheism to fail, all that's necessary is to demonstrate existence of a deity who has the power to violate the laws of physics, and a lot of pantheistic gods have that degree of power even if they are not omnipotent. (Or they would have, if they actually existed.)
Mechanistic atheism denies the existence of non-omniscient and non-omnipotent deities, too. Thus the claim that Fred is neither omnipotent nor omniscient is uninteresting; Fred still represents a valid counter-example.
The proof atheist may try to claim that his opponent hasn't actually proved that the Theory of Fred is true. But the opponent doesn't need to. The reductio ad absurdum requires proof of falsity of all conceivable alternatives. Existence of any single alternative which can't be proved either true or false is sufficient to make the reductio ad absurdum fail. Burden of proof is on the atheist, not on the challenger.
The proof atheist will claim that the Theory of Fred as stated is in fact unfalsifiable, and then sometimes fumbles about a bit while trying to claim that this means that it is actually false. Of course, a statement which is unfalsifiable by definition can't be false, but we can be generous and adopt a more loose claim that it's sort of invalid because of its unfalsifiability.
It's true that it is unfalsifiable; it was deliberately constructed to be. But demonstrating unfalsifiability isn't disproof. It doesn't show that the theory is false, because of course it's impossible for it to be false. To claim that any theory is unfalsifiable is to actually claim that it is useless, which is not the same thing.
In the life cycle of a successful theory in orthodox science, there's an early stage where it gets tested. What that means is that the theory will be examined to see what kinds of testable predictions it might make, and then they'll be checked. Theories which make extremely surprising and even counter-intuitive predictions, whose predictions actually are found to be correct, are very highly thought of in science. Each such which is checked tends to add strongly to the conviction that the theory is right.
Eventually the confidence in it rises quite high and it begins to be applied. More or less, engineers adopt it and begin to use it as part of their process of making useful things happen. Instead of making predictions with it so they can be tested as part of verification of the theory, it's used to make predictions because those predictions are valuable and the theory is trusted to make them correctly.
It's a subtle point, but all useful predictions can be stated as a negative: "It is not possible that..." And the power of the theory is demonstrated by the breadth of what can be excluded. The more that the theory claims is not possible, the more useful the theory is – as long as it's right in the prediction. The most powerful theories make predictions of the form, "It is not possible that anything take place except for precisely thus-and-so."
Anyone can make positive predictions. There is a classic Johny Hart cartoon from the strip BC which has one of the characters reading a weather forecast which includes the possibility of rain, hail, blue sky, snow, hurricanes, tornados; the point being that such a prediction excludes nothing, and it cannot be converted into any kind of meaningful negative prediction telling us what cannot happen.
And unfalsifiable theories also can easily make positive predictions but cannot make negative ones. It cannot exclude anything. The claim of unfalsifiability is that the theory is stated in such a way that every conceivable outcome is consistent with the theory. But if so, then the only negative statement which can be made is "There is nothing which is impossible."
Theories are useful and trusted as a function of how good they are at making negative predictions, telling us what can't happen. But what's interesting about that is that this doesn't necessarily have anything to do with whether they're actually right. Newton's mechanics (which is often referred to as "Galilean mechanics" because Newton wasn't responsible for all of it) ruled classic physics for 200 years, but we now know that Newton's equations didn't give the right answers. They were really close in a lot of cases but not exactly right.
Einstein rewrote Galilean mechanics with the Special Theory of Relativity. However, within the realm of masses we humans can manipulate and speeds less than 1% of C, the difference between the values generated by the older equations and Einstein's rewritten ones are so small as to be unimportant, and as a practical matter we still use the older equations because they're simpler. However, in extreme cases their predictions can be substantially different, and experiments proved that Einstein's equations were better and must be used in the well known cases where the differences are great.
Are the Einsteinian equations "right"? We can surely not know. Perhaps someday we'll encounter even more extreme situations where Special Relativity (as augmented by General Relativity) may give us the wrong results, and then they'll have to be revised again. For the moment they're really, really good. (Though I've read that there's a way in which Relativity and Quantum Mechanics contradict each other, and experimentally QM turned out to be right. It's one of the interesting unsolved problems of physics to figure out how to resolve this.)
Even though Newton's mechanics was "wrong", it was damned useful and remains so today. Usefulness is an important characteristic of robust scientific theory, but it doesn't have anything to do with absolute truth or falsity as such.
The fact that the Theory of Fred is unfalsifiable and thus useless is unimportant for our purposes. If it were being proposed as a legitimate scientific theory, it would be rejected immediately because of its complete inability to create negative predictions. But we don't care about usefulness within this discussion.
The strong claim regarding atheism relates to proof, not to usefulness and the burden of proof is on the atheist to prove that it is false. If it actually is unfalsifiable, then it represents a counter-example to the strong claim regarding atheism because it cannot be disproved.
The proof atheist then asks the following hypothetical question: What if we can come up with a valid mechanistic explanation for the Big Bang? In that case it won't be necessary to refer to Fred as an explanation. We'll have two competing theories, and since the mechanistic one involves fewer assumptions then according to Occam's Razor it will be the right one, and the Theory of Fred will be wrong and thus be disproved.
Unfortunately, Occam's "Least Hypothesis theorem" is a heuristic. It states that when faced with several theories all of which explain the same data, you're best off going with the one which involves the least radical assumptions. It's really just a kind of guidance, a way of picking among them when there's no other way of doing so and we continue to use it primarily because it's been very valuable in the past. But like all heuristics it's possible for it to be wrong. (The old joke is that if it wasn't possible for a heuristic to be wrong then it would be an algorithm.)
Suppose that at the time of Newton both his mechanics and Relativity were simultaneously proposed. The scientists at the time would have been able to see how they made different predictions at extreme velocities but would have no way to check that, and both theories would make the same predictions for all tests they could perform, within the limits of experimental error. Occam's Razor would cause them to select Newton's equations over Einstein's (because of the assumption in relativity that C is identical in all inertial frames of reference), but that would have been the wrong answer.
Like any valuable heuristic, Occam's Razor is right most of the time but not invariably. As such, it can't be invoked as part of a proof. It's true that a mechanistic explanation involves fewer assumptions than the Theory of Fred, but that doesn't prove that the Theory of Fred is wrong.
Do I actually believe the Theory of Fred? Of course I don't; no one does. As a real religion it's ludicrous. Its only value is as a thought experiment, as a religious theory which contains no intrinsic contradiction and which cannot be disproved empirically. The strong statement regarding atheism that we are examining denies the validity not only of existing theistic religions but of all hypothetical ones as well even if they are preposterous ones which no one would actually ever believe. Because there's no way for us to differentiate between a totally mechanistic universe and the one created by Fred, it means that we cannot actually prove that the universe is mechanistic. All we are left with is opinion and belief and probabilities.
Which is to say, faith.
When I was younger I studied science and observed the real world and came to the conclusion that nothing I saw actually required a deity for explanation. And indeed I did apply Occam's Razor and concluded that the best guess was that no deities exist. I believe that there are none, but I make no claim to be able to prove it. On the contrary, I forthrightly state that I cannot.
It is possible in some cases to empirically disprove a belief. If I say that I believe that there is a God and that He lives in a palace on top of Mount Rainier, someone can take me up the mountain and show me that no such palace exists there. Beliefs can sometimes be disproved, but beliefs cannot be proved. (If they could be proved, they would be facts and not beliefs.)
So it is easier to disprove Fred?
Or maybe becouse there are infinite number of possibilities?...The basic idea goes like this: God, whom I tend to refer to as Fred in the discussion of this theory, used His powers to cause the Big Bang. Since then, he's been watching the universe as it has developed because He wanted to see what would happen (because He didn't know).
Why would any of this be thrue? I mean if Fred has power to start something why He wouldnt continue it? Who says thats Freds Creation is finished product? By what Force this Creation continues and sustains itself if Fred is the only Source of this Creation. It actualy implies the contrary.But Fred does not interfere in the universe, and Fred did not design the outcome. For instance, Fred did not try to manipulate the initial conditions so as to cause humans as a species to appear; it's just one of the many things He has observed while the experiment continues.
By soul is meant something immortal. If Fred is immortal and only Reality and if the Creation is started by Fred. Then it must be part of that Fred-Reality and in some way it shares his immortality aspect.Too, humans have no souls and when they die they're dead; they're just part of the universe which resulted from Fred's one action in setting the whole thing off. Fred does not listen to prayer; Fred does not interfere. Fred just watches, and He's just as surprised by what's happening as we are.