Mali with 40+ trade routes to allies + democracy certainly deserves some mention.
Well, anyone can spam out TRs. Mali can make a lot of money, but with even the best conversion rates, (35% discount on purchases) you're still facing a 2.6:1 gold

rod ratio on buying. And Mali does have a production penalty on units, making even those delicious democracy wisselbanken routes that much less effective.
Although, I wish there was an easier way to be sure where you could build a dam. Current game as Victoria, had a beautiful confluence of rivers, planned it out with a dam in the center where the rivers all met....and it wasn't a valid tile. WTH Civ?
It says two tile edges on a river, but it has to be two
adjacent tile edges on the
same river. This gets really messy when rivers intersect. I think that beyond that, if you have two valid adjacent edges, the point in between them cannot be a junction with another river. If you look at the graphics of the dam, water comes in at the beginning of edge one and leaves at the end of edge 2. So you can't really have a river junction because then the "road" on the top on the dam would lead right into a river and it wouldn't look right. If you look at post #62, the "expansion zone" screen shot, you can see an example of this. The middle IZ is where I had planned a dam. The bottom and middle river edge of that tile are Tonle Sap, the top edge is Tonle San river (i about threw my keyboard with the naming.) But the bottom and middle edges should be valid by the description - except there's that junction.
Netherlands is ridiculous. Germany and Japan don't rely on the terrain as much, so they're likely to pull of high production regardless. Germany's actually the only one I haven't fully played through since the changes (though I played them a bit, just up to bringing Hansas online).
The aqueduct diamond/aqueduct triangle are outstanding innovations of civil engineering. And then sometimes you have a nice 3-4 tile polder lake you can shunt a canal to for extra IZ bonuses... now that's the good stuff!
From my experience, you are correct that japan and Germany can get away with bad terrain, but japan can't get away with too much if they want to be top tier: they only way for them to get the big (double digit) numbers is to stack up AQ/dam/canals around an IZ, so in that sense they do need terrain to cooperate with them. They can always guarantee +6 if you surround with districts, but that requires a size 13-16 city and a lot of time. Germany's ability to use the CH mean they don't actually need to have AQs placed close together, which frees up the river geometry massively, and allows for very flexible combinations in places like the mountains. Plus they can use
any resource as a pad instead of a full district like japan. And they can get a Hansa+CH+green districts placed in a 1 pop city, so they are very fast to the big numbers. As an example, I just had a Germany game where I had 20 cities and 20 hansas,
average Hansa base adjacency was 10.65. (median 11, mode 10.) It wasn't particularly impressive of a map, either.