Ya know I can quote several parts of what ya just said and continue pointing out where ya are obviously going wrong. But I think it is best covered with the statement of no good specialization comes without a base structure. I can already see ya mad rushin' all your units from one city to another since it isn't 'specialized' heh. If you have the very basic buildings in your places then it will make your civilization better for it.
I don't disagree with the specialization, but specialization is like building an University, or a Observitory, while a library is just good sense. The boost may start small but it is something, and every time your city goes up it gets better and better. While if you just switch to beakers it may give ya more, but then you are stoping everything else. (Also I need to check if the library's 25% effects the beakers.. really haven't tried it) Throw in specialist citizens, and improvements.. and voila you have a specialized city.
Diety is hard, and don't get me wrong I don't win every game. But, with a good base, decient production. Lots of units.. ugh.. lots and lots of units. You can beat them.. they are only the computer despite how many positives you give it.
And lacks the 'nuance to beat monarch' LOL... Man you have no idea maybe other then just disregarding the idea ya should try it sometime.. Maybe you could actually beat some of the harder match ups?
But honestly, if a city is producing that many hammers early in the game then it just needs to be making troops. Sure libraries are nice, but you'll find the best results come from specializing. Specialized production cities, commerce cities, great people farms, and even super specialized cities like naval cities, worker cities, defense cities, etc. It's MUCH better than having a dozen cities that try to do everything. If you do that then you're going to end up with one great city (your capital), maybe 2-3 pretty good cities and a bunch of mediocre ones with little to no military to protect them. If the compute wasn't so incompetent it would realize this and take them all.
I do get what you mean about no military, and don't get me wrong.. Self Defense is a good thing, but if ya have a few people in your cities, why not just build a library in your cities, or barracks? I mean it gives ya a much better base structure, and real quick you can get right back to building units with now the bonus of the extra science. Given.. there are times when it might be better to build units, don't get me wrong I can easly give there. I don't mean as soon as you possibly can, but I don't see why not and just use the later buildings to specialize? The ones that actually do more then just a library.
Edit: Maybe to clearify... What do you usually feel is a 'safe amount' of units in your cities by the time you get to the classical age (Horseback riding, Monarchy, etc) thats still realitivly early in the game, but still a few good turns in there?