Here are some more minor thoughts on balance, etc. The combination of Circle and Transmuters is broke. Transmuters makes reagents. Which is good as I assume it's there so that folks with no other access to reagents have a second path to archmages, in this case by using a great sage. But Circle has reagents as one of its researching-increasing resources. So you get craziness like Transmuters making 12 reagents and all of those counting for the Circle. I'm producing several thousand research per turn at 0% research funding, and this is on a standard sized map. On a bigger map it would go exponential. More land = more resources to turn into reagents = more research from both transmuters and circle AND you have more cities as well.
It would be pretty easy to pull reagents out of the Circle resources and put in a couple more kinds of mana. Dimensional and something else probably. Unless the superpowered interaction between Transmuters making science AND reagents plus Circle taking those reagents to make even more research is intended which I suppose is possible even though it's nutty powerful.
But then I think that the late game research/commerce/culture production needs a big nerfing as it is. It should be massively difficult to get much over 1500 beakers a turn IMO.
On a much more minor flavor note, I think silk and dye should be swapped in terms of which guild uses them. Dye makes more sense in the Globe Troupe while silk makes sense in the Intricate Weavers. Not a big deal but I kept grabbing dye and couldn't figure out why it wasn't adding to my Globe Troupe benefit until I finally checked the Civilopedia.
I've been fiddling with the balance of things like civics and corporations a bit in my files. I may do a mod solely for the purposes of balance. No new ANYTHING, just rejiggering things to balance certain civics and guilds and reduce the late game research/commerce exponential growth. For example, does anybody ever use magocracy? No, because it sucks and you already get a bazillion research a turn by the time you get to it. So I buff that one a bit while nerfing consumption and guilds a bit.