I hope I'll get around to actually doing something for this mod this weekend, but I don't promise anything.
Disregarding the whole dreadful SDK magic for now, I am thinking about pulling a 180 on civic upkeep. As I probably already explained somewhere, there are two possibilities as to what civic upkeep actually represents: What your state has to pay in order to maintain a civic, or how easy it is for a state to maintain it. I put that horribly and nobody will understand what I am trying to say, but I'm tired and not exactly sober, so bear with me. Basically the first option would mean that civics that require significant hand holding by the central government, such as Totalitarianism or Central Planning, should have high upkeep, while civics which are more laizess fair (I know I spelled that wrong) like City States, Vassalage or Free Market ought to have low or no upkeep. The second option would mean that the civics which were in real life often used by poorer or backward nations or huge empires (wide? Autocracy, Totalitarianism) which incur significant upkeep costs should have low or no upkeep while civics used by rich or advanced or small nations (tall? Republic, Egalitarianism) should have high upkeep.
Neither Vanilla nor DoC consistently took one approach, instead they both chose one path for wome civic categories and the other for the rest. In Vanilla for example the Government column follows the "upkeep is high because the state has a lot to do" reasoning, making Police State expensive (lots and lots of beaurocracy god dammit how hard can it be to program an actually working spellchecker I don't believe for a second that's the right spelling) and Hereditary Rule low (no complex bureaucratic election system, the line of succession is as simple as can be). The economy column however follows the other paradigma, making State Property of all things the civic with the lowest upkeep (it is good for large empires with a relatively bad ratio of development to land) and Environmentalism ("good" though it actually sucks and Free Market is better for small advanced nations with few resources and a relatively good ratio of development to land) the one with the highest. In DoC oddly enough it's the other way around, with Government/Organization following the second paradigma (Autocracy/Totalitarianism low, Republic/Egalitarianism high) and Economy the first (Central Planning High, Free Market low).
I already addressed this in my modmod, by making all civics follow the second paradigma. The starting civics, City States, Guilds etc. all have high upkeep not because the central government has a lot of things to do, but because they are not supposed to be run by huge inefficient empires. Those should be totalitarian mercantilistic autocracies, while democracy is better suited for smaller nations, hence why the authoritarian civics have low upkeep and the democratic ones medium. Even so I made Free Market, Central Planning and Public Welfare all medium upkeep, because they should be not as nice for big empires as Mercantilism but not so bad as Guilds, which should be outdated anyhow. On an intuitive level I knew that making both Free Market and Central Planning cost exactly the same in upkeep is wrong on so many levels. It doesn't matter on which side of the capitalism versus communism debate you stand, everybody would agree that CP and FM should be on opposite sides of the upkeep spectrum, whichever it turned out to be, and yet here I went and made them equals in order to remain consistent with the paradigma I had chosen.
I now think that was a mistake, and would prefer to move towards a "upkeep represents how much the central government has to pay" model instead, along with more trade offs (instead of straight bonuses, I've talked about this a million times already). However there is an additional twist I want to throw in there, the reversal of the polarity of the connection between city upkeep versus civic upkeep. In DoC (and to a lesser extent in Vanilla) civics which increase city upkeep have high upkeep themselves (City States) while civics that decrease city upkeep have no upkeep themsleves (Totalitarianism). In my new paradigma I would do it the other way round: City States and Vassalage and Free Market (for example) have no or low upkeep because the central government if there even is one barely does anything, however those civics would actually increase city upkeep as it is the more local entities that have to pick up the slack. On the other end Totalitarianism and Central Planning have high upkeep, but remove or reduce city upkeep, as here it is the central government that has to do everything.
However this would implicitly mean that default civics, at least Tribalism and Subsistence, would have to be bumped down to low upkeep again. To compensate for that I might give them a penalty to commerce.
Incidentally Castles should reduce city upkeep, to jive even better with Vassalage.
Something else that occurred to me is long term versus short term benefit. Imo Autocracy should be the best government civic short term, as an ambitious and competent dictator can get a lot of stuff done very quickly compared to the slow bureaucratic grinding of republics. However dictatorships are notoriously bad once the first leader is dead and you almost always have a succession crisis. Democracies and monarchies are a lot better in that regard. I am not sure that is adequately captured by the game. Imo Autocracy should have some short term bonus that goes away after some turns, so you can hop into it for a while when you really want to get something done and then switch to another civic that's better for the long term. Honestly I don't know what this bonus should be, and I guess Drafting kind of does the job, but at the same time I feel drafting shouldn't be exclusive to dictatorships. Eh.
Another way to have this would be by stability. Autocracy should make your civ immune to negative stability effects or severely lessen their impact shortly after it is adopted, but become more and more unstable as time goes on.
Of course you could argue against that that dicators can be better at long term projects than democracies because political parties that need to be re elected every four years must focus on the short term in order to gain votes whiod a dictatorship can be certain that it will still be ruling in 20 years, but eeeeeeeeh.
I hope somebody somewhere can make something of this tired rant.