The Treaty of Istanbul
Lord John Russell arrived in Constantinopol four weeks ago. He proceeded to negotiate with representatives from the Ottoman Empire and Dalnorossia in order to achieve a Peace Treaty. Negotiations were stalled with Persia due to Persia's overt hostility towards the Federate government. Over this period of four weeks Lord Russell also made two trips to France to discuss the situation with his French counterparts. As a result the following treaty was drafted and presented to the parties.
Article 1 - End of Hostilities
All hostilities between the three parties in the Near Eastern War will come to an immediate end. All military units will be withdrawn from foreign territory, conflict areas shall be de-militarized, and all parties will recognize each other's sovereignty within new borders. [For de-militarized zones and new borders see later Articles.]
Article 2 - Monitary Reparations
Section I: Ottoman Reparations
Recognizing the unfortunate fate of the Cossack population within the Ottoman Empire, and wishing to repair the damages done the Ottoman Empire shall transfer a sum of money equal in value to 1 million Federate Pounds to Dalnorossia to be used in reconstruction of the Volga Basin. [1]
Section II: Persian Reparations
Recognizing Persia's involvement in planning and executing a war against a sovereign entity, and recognizing that as such Persia is directly responsible for the damages caused by this war Persia shall transfer a sum of money equal in value to 3 million Federate Pounds to the Ottoman Empire. [2]
Article 3 - Territorial Changes
Section I: The Volga Basin
The Volga Basin will be transferred from Ottoman to Dalnorossian posession. The peoples of the territory assosiate themselves more with the Dalnorossian people and not the Ottoman. Furthermore, the border that results from such a transfer is a more stable one, thus resulting in an increased stability in the region. [3][4]
Section II: Ottoman-Perisan Border
The Ottoman-Persian border shall be redrawn to extend the Persian borders to include the mountains and hills to the north east of the Tigris river. This area has historical and cultural connections to Persia, thus ensuring a more stable border. Furthermore, this area has religious connections to Persia, ensuring a more stable border. Even fruther, this area is geographically suitable to serve as a border, assuring even further stability. [5][6]
Article 4 - Right of Passage of Peoples
In cases where there exist minorities of peoples who have been by seperated from most of their group of peoples by the new border free and unobstructed passage of the minority peoples to the country that is home to the rest of the group of these peoples will be allowed, but will not be made cumpolsory. [7]
Article 5 - Right of Culture and Identity of Peoples
In cases where there exist minorities of peoples who chose not to move to the country that is home to their group of peoples they will be granted the rights to practice their traditional religion and cultural traditions. No government policies will interfere with the identity of such a group. [8][9]
Article 6 - Right to Autonomy of Peoples
In specific cases where a region of a country is home to a people with a strong cultural tradition that is different from that of the country as a whole limited autonomy will be granted to such a region. [10] In the case of this treaty such regions are: Armenia, Georgia.
Article 7 - Black Sea Trade
One port on the Don river will be open to Dalnorossian trade and the Ottoman Empire will fascilitate free and unobstracted Dalnorossian trade through its territory to this port and from this port to others in the Black and Mediterranean Sea. [11]
[1] - There are cossack people living throughout many parts of the Ottoman Empire, but in most of these places they do not form a majority. The rights of these people are discusses in a later part of the treaty.
[2] - By accepting this provision the parties recognize that no nation in the world has a right to attack another without provocation. Each nation is a sovereign entity; the system of sovereignty must be protected to ensure that stronger nations do not impose their will on weaker counterparts.
[3] - See map for exact border.
[4] - The rest of the area north east of the Black Sea was not transferred to Dalnorossia as requested due to the fact that such a border would only fascilitate instability, since not only would Christians live under Ottoman rule in the region but Muslims would live under Christian rule.
[5] - See map for exact border.
[6] - The other areas Persians have claimed in their peace proposal bare no connection to the Persian Empire. The connections of these areas to ancient Persia have long been replaced by Muslim traditions, and the majority of people living in the areas are Arabs. Simularly, religiously these areas are predonimantly Sunni Muslim (with the exception of the lower Tigris valley) which makes them more connected to the Ottoman Empire. Finally, the border proposed by Persia would not result in a stable region, creating numerous tensions that would lead to further conflict.
[7] - If any country choses to abuse this right of peoples and to use it to harm another country they will be found in violation of this treaty and in violation of the sovereignty of the other country.
[8] - The provisions laid out in this Article are not limitted to the Ottoman Empire, but are aplicable to all the signatories of the treaty.
[9] - This provisions includes the rights of Shiite Muslims living in the Ottoman Empire to freely practice their religion.
[10] - The country, however, retains full sovereignty of the region in question and any attempt to exploit the situation is a violation of the country's sovereignty.
[11] - The Ottoman Empire retains all sovereignty of the port in question. This was found to be a better solution than transfer of large territories to Dalnorossia in order to fascilitate Dalnorossian trade.