I did some more testing and the nonsense continues...
I put back dacubz' file without the additional comment: CTD (normal...)
Without "correcting" the English entry of the tag TXT_KEY_CIV_GENOA_PEDIA, I just added Genoa in the French entry (which was empty like <French></French>), no more additional comment. The game loads fine and as I play in French, "Genoa" appears in the Civilopedia entry of the Civ in question.
I then delete Genoa from the French tag and the game crashes loading the XML!
Temporary conclusion: adding a comment in the file or an entry in a tag has the same effect to help to load the file.
I think I'll leave it like that for the time being...