North King
blech
- Joined
- Jan 2, 2004
- Messages
- 18,165
Oh yeah, the update... *is currently on page 4 in wordperfect*
Well, she's studying in Moskva. But I think she learnt Russian from this woman from Sankt Peterburg.
Either way, not very southwest... Haha.
Could you enlighten me on Russian dialects? (In off-topic forum if necessary.. )
Who's Martin Hobbert? Martin Hodder is the PM of Britain though.. Muahahah
das said:Well, generally the Russian dialects tend to be divided into "o"s (St. Petersburg, Urals, basically the "north") and "a"s (South-West, and Center as well I guess). So Moscow should be in "a-zone".
das said:Yup. He shouldn't underestimate polar bears, because every PM of Britain who underestimated them eventually died.![]()
There is no point in typing this silly history lesson when anyone can see that its partially a ripoff from Chinese history and partially the mad influence of the polar bears .The Most Basic Guide to Malaysian History - Lesson Two: The Eagle King and Writing said:Last lesson, we stopped at Apit who was a really nice chap. We are just about at the end of the whole dawn-of-civilisation thing now, at the reign of the Eagle King. Essentially, if it hasnt been nailed down by Apit or any of the other guys last time round, the Eagle King or his wife would be responsible for it.
This dude went by the name of Gusti Lang Hanayos, and the list of inventions and creations attributed to him would make his biography look like that of some Neolithic da Vinci. No big surprise, considering the fact that were discussing a culture that put a lot of emphasis on the wisdom of their kings. Having a name to hang a whole pile of inventions on seems to be a universal theme on all ancient cultures and lets face it if you happened to live four thousand years ago along the Melaka River and someone came up to you saying, Hey, I know how to predict the future, I can make a real boat not those hollowed-out-log-thingies and to top it all off, I know how to make those shiny yellow things into very nice shapes, youd certainly be impressed. Hell, I know I would.
He didnt invent the wheel, but he brought the concept to a point where a nice cart can be constructed from it. He is said to have figured out the basics of astronomy and used it to put together a calendar and a form of celestial navigation, both firsts for the Malay people. He is even said to be responsible for constructing the first boats and although there are no details after all these years, Im quite positive it was not some lash-together raft or dugout canoe but a real bits-o-wood-fastened-together boat, with sails and all that. Lang Hanayos also got his named plastered all over the earliest known medical textbook, the Perbincangan Perubatan Medical Discussions and was composed almost entirely of conversations between the King, several physicians and a few advisors in his court.
He had a wife who was named Ruchi. Now, Ruchi has got ramie and ramie weaving to her credit. Ramie was a plant, which, depending on the production process could end up having the lustre and feel of silk, or the coarse strength of hemp. Legends abound regarding the origins of ramie cultivation but the most consistent legend is that of Ruchi developing the methods behind it. In reality, though, I would reckon that ramie was discovered by accident. A few lean years without harvest and the people would look at anything as food. Probably at some point during a famine, a hungry Langkasukan got desperate enough to throw the stalks of the some wild plants into the pot to cook Imagine his (or her) surprise when the stalks unravelled into strands of fibrous thingies. That mustve been freaky. After all, it was supposed to be dinner! Nobody knows what really happened after that but if the legends were anything to go by, the Queen gave a good look at the strands and decided that she liked them. Next thing you know, she knew how to spin those fibres into yarn and weave it into luxurious cloth and even got some other people to do it too. As if that wasnt enough, she determined where the stuff came from (the stalks of the ramie plant) and what the plants needed (highly nutritious humus-ed soil). In the blink of an eye, ramie cultivation was born. Who needed sheep?
Back to Lang Hanayos, one thing you had to hand to him was that he didnt hog all the inventions to himself. He liked talented people and he encouraged them greatly in court, or so the old accounts say. If you had a good brain and bright ideas that'd be good for a growing civilisation, the Eagle King wanted to hear from you. Remember those shiny yellow things? Gold was found in the rivers north of Langkasukas capital and upon realising its malleability, Lang Hanayos came up with the idea of melting the metal and hammering them into nice shapes but it was a craftsman in the Eagle Kings court, Purujit who did all the work and established metal-working as a way of life in Langkasuka. Other people came up with things like the twelve-note musical scale, measuring instruments and various other things.
The Eagle King was credited with the invention of pictographs, but like the other inventions mentioned in this lesson, it was probably more of a formal nailing-inventions-to-a-name thing like Ruchi being the inventor of ramie cultivation. Pictographs are the ultimate concept in Malay culture and is the base of its writing and so, it would be natural to give someone the credit of creating the writing. However, it is more likely that the Eagle King had merely codified existing writing systems or at least, catalogued them for posterity. What made him do all this? Remember how Paras could tell the future by staring at a tortoise shell? Well, by now, the Langkasukans had concluded that itd be easier to predict the future if you had a tortoise dinner first. Boil the shell in conjunction with the proper rituals, and then go looking for your markings. No one knows what happened after that, but tortoises probably petered out so the Langkasukans had to look for other alternatives to divine the future.
As it turned out, they discovered that by bones cracked under heating. This mustve been really unusual phenomenon for the wise dudes back then because they decided that this was an excellent way ask the supernatural what was going on. The technique got more refined to the point where a suitable bone was picked (scapulas were the in-thing) and the question carved onto the bone. Then, the bone was stuck into the fire and they waited for the cracks to form. The arrangement and direction of the cracks would tell the answer. These bones were then chucked away, never to be reused. The benefit of this was that modern archaeologists could actually find them bones and learn about old Malay history. It's fascinating how the development of the ideograms of today can be traced back to the first vaguely representational pictographic doodles and scribbles on the shoulder bones of domestic animals. Well, the story says that they were dragon bones but unless the dragons came in sizes of oxen, pig and horse, then the bones were most probably that of domestic animals.
The last and probably most important aspect of Malay life credited to Lang Hanayos was the development of a ministerial system of government. The Eagle King didnt want any of that one-man divine rule crap. Instead, he appointed four other people, collectively called the Orang Kaya Berempat to help him in government affairs. The four offices of Bendahara, Penghulu Bendahari, Temenggung and Laksamana had their own responsibilities and together, the four ministers took care of the smaller things in life like day-to-day administration, taxes, minor court settlements, and security, leaving the king free to do the big and more important stuff such as spending his time with his harem, or listening to that new composition by some weird musician.
As you can see, the Eagle King has got a CV longer than the most meticulous worker. After all, how often could one boast of creating a writing system that is used until the present day, with slight modifications?
Our next stop would be the Three Model Emperors, in the so-called Golden Age of Malaysian history. I hope you do not mind my putting it off till the next lesson.