Keith Giffen, Justice League and Legion of Super-Heroes Icon, Passes Away at 70
By Brian Cronin
Keith Giffen, longtime comic book writer and artist, best known for his work on Justice League, Legion of Super-Heroes and Lobo, has died at 70
Keith Giffen, the star comic book writer and artist best known for his long and acclaimed runs on
Legion of Super-Heroes (both with writer and co-plotter, Paul Levitz, and then on his own with scripters Tom and Mary Bierbaum, the so-called "Five Years Later" Legion) and
Justice League International (with scripter J.M. DeMatteis), as well as co-creating major DC characters like Lobo, Ambush Bug and the Jaime Reyes Blue Beetle (as well as Rocket Raccoon for Marvel Comics), has passed away at the age of 70 following a stroke earlier this week.
Giffen's hilarious, if dark, humor took him right to the end, as he had a piece prepared to be posted on his Facebook page to commemorate his own death...
I told them I was sick... Anything not to go to New York Comic Con Thanx Keith Giffen 1952-2023 Bwah ha ha ha haPosted by
Keith Giffen on
Wednesday, October 11, 2023
Giffen had one of the most unusual breaking into comic books imaginable, explaining to Eric Nolen-Weathington in TwoMorrows' J
ack Kirby Collector #29:
I broke into comics by doing everything wrong. I was working as a hazardous material handler and I took a week off and said, "Hey I think I'll break into comics." So I just drew up a bunch of pictures and slapped them together. I figured, let me call up the companies and find out how you do this. I didn't want to start at the top. I wanted to start at the bottom. I didn't want Marvel, I didn't want Charlton. Atlas was publishing then. So I called up Atlas and the woman was so positive on the phone. "Oh, yes. Bring you portfolio. Absolutely. We'll take a look at it. Blah, blah, blah. However, we're going out of business next week." [laughs] I said, "That's interesting," and after I hung up the phone with her I thought maybe I should just take the bit in my teeth and start at the top and get turned down all the way down. Just wind up someplace. Back then the top was Marvel. So I call up Marvel. I don't know who the secretary was then, but it was not the most positive—"yeah, um, bring your portfolio in and they'll look at it and you can pick it up tomorrow." I was stupid enough. I go into New York and drop off the portfolio and I go home. Next day I figure I'll go get it and I thought, "No that's not a good idea." So I let a day go by and rather than just go get it, I called. And the woman said, "Get in here now." So I go in and she's yelling at me, she's really pissed off at me. It took a while for it to sink in that apparently Ed Hannigan—prior commitments had forced him off this back-up strip in a b-&-w magazine called The Sword and the Star. And Bill Mantlo, who was the writer, happened to see my samples laying around and said, "I like him; why don't we get this guy?" And they couldn't contact me, because like the genius I am, I had dropped off my portfolio with my name on it and that's it. No phone number, no address, no way to contact me. So they needed me yesterday and that's pretty much how I got my start in comics.
Here's a page from that first story, from
Marvel Preview #7, which also served as the first appearance of Rocket Raccoon (sort of)..
He didn't get steady work at Marvel, so he went to DC, where he was offered regular work on
All-Star Comics, but as Giffen noted to Nolen-Weathington, "I bounced around and eventually went over to DC where they wanted to give me steady work, but I was so stupid I blew myself out of the business. They had me working with Wally Wood and I didn't see the benefit of that. Talk about idiot."
So he then returned to Marvel, where he became a standout drawing the
Defenders. Look at this double-page splash from
Defenders #50...
Giffen grew tired of comics, and ended up doing the mid-1970s version of "quiet quitting"
Defenders, just not handing the pages in to his assignments. He explained to Nolen-Weathington, "And so I left and bounced around with odd jobs. I sold Kirby vacuum cleaners door-to-door, repossessed things. Then one day I just thought, 'I'm doodling these things on my own; I think I've gotten a little bit better.' So I called Joe Orlando [at DC}, because I had screwed him over pretty bad and I thought at least I owe Joe hanging up on me—I owe him that much. He said, 'Come on in. You've been an *******, we're going to put you on probation, but you're going to learn this time. We'll put you on the Ghost books.' And I gradually worked my way up until I landed on Legion."
Giffen joined Paul Levitz on Legion of Super-Heroes with
Legion of Super-Heroes #285 in early 1982. It was not long on the book before Levitz and Giffen began co-plotting the book together, and soon they started on the epic storyline that became their most notable work, the Great Darkness Saga, which introduced Jack Kirby’s Darkseid as a villain of the Legion, in a brilliantly moody action adventure story that saw the Legion involved in a battle greater than any they had seen before (or at least more visceral).
Check out the amazing reveal that Darkseid is the villain (right after Brainiac realizes that Darkseid has turned the entire population of Daxam against the Legion)…
What a stunning reveal.
Giffen’s artwork handled both action scenes and character moments with equal greatness, and Levitz was sure to give him a lot of both, keeping the book extremely grounded in humanity, while also keeping the action at a breakneck measure.
Giffen and his inker, Larry Mahlstedt (who also did finishes over Giffen’s layouts on a number of issues), were also quite good at depicting the future as a Kirby-esque place of bizarre devices and places.
After the Great Darkness Saga, and a few character pieces, they had the landmark 300th issue, after which Giffen began to experiment with his artwork while, at the same time, he began to have more of an influence in the writing department.
Levitz, Giffen and Mahlstedt launched a brand-new
Legion series together, a brutal storyline that left one Legionnaire dead, and Giffen departing the book.
During this period, Giffen also worked on a few other DC Comics, and it was during this time that he created Ambush Bug, one of his most famous creations. Ambush Bug was originally created by Keith Giffen for a
DC Comics Presents Superman/Doom Patrol team-up that Giffen was drawing that Paul Kupperberg was writing. They were looking for an offbeat villain, so Giffen came up with Ambush Bug, who was basically like, "What if Bugs Bunny was a supervillain?" The editor of
DC Comics Presents, Julius Schwartz, liked the character and asked Giffen to do a new story with the villain, this time written and drawn by Giffen (with Paul Levitz, Giffen's
Legion of Super-Heroes collaborator, doing the script, as the issue saw Superman team up with the Legion of Substitute Super-Heroes to stop the Bug). The character was now popular enough that Giffen decided to make him a superhero, and he became a regular fixture in the pages of
Action Comics at a time in the 1980s when the series typically featured multiple stories in each issue. He then received his own series, with Robert Loren Fleming scripting the book.
Giffen also worked on
The Omega Men with Roger Slifer, and during that time, he co-created the cosmic bounty hunter, Lobo. It would be years before Giffen would return to the character in a big way.
In 1987, Giffen launched a new
Justice League series. Originally intended to be an “All-Star cast,” due to various reboots and such, the only MAJOR hero available was Batman, although Captain Marvel was there in the beginning (and lasted one story before HE was taken away – Black Canary lasted about a year before SHE was taken away). The other heroes who were made available were low-level characters with their own titles that didn’t sell a bunch (Blue Beetle, Booster Gold and Captain Atom), Mister Miracle (who hadn’t appeared regularly in about a decade at the time), one fairly notable League member (Martian Manhunter) and a pretty popular Green Lantern, Guy Gardner, from Steve Englehart’s popular "Green Lantern Corps" title.
Without the major heroes, Giffen and DeMatteis instead attempted to really develop the personalities of the heroes they WERE given, particularly once Beetle and Booster’s series were each canceled, giving them free rein with how to write them. They also spotlighted the League liaison, Maxwell Lord, who formed the team for fairly nefarious reasons but soon turned out to be a good guy. Later on, due to a lack of female characters on the team (and notable female heroes available period) when Canary was taken from them, Giffen and DeMatteis added two obscure members of the Global Guardians who soon became stalwart members of the team, Fire and Ice.
The book is most known for the humor of the title, which was a major aspect of the book – it really was a situation comedy.
Here is the first usage of “Bwah Ha Ha” that shows what the comedy of the book was like, where Booster Gold brags about being able to hit on a woman, and strikes out big time...
and then she turns out to be their new Justice League liaison...
Helping the writers in this journey was Kevin Maguire, whose ability to depict facial expressions was extremely key to the early issues of the series, and Ty Templeton, while using a more cartoonish style, was an able successor. Adam Hughes was the next regular artist, in one of his first, and most likely LAST monthly ongoing series. Giffen and DeMatteis worked on the title for five years, including two spinoff titles,
Justice League Europe and
Justice League Quarterly. Their offbeat approach surprisingly became one of DC's biggest hit titles.
In 1988, when Giffen re-joined Levitz on
Legion of Superheroes, the book was already in a slightly darker place, but it only got darker. Levitz and Giffen really began to stress that the Legionnaires were getting older. However, nothing prepared readers for what they were about to experience when Levitz left the book at the closing of that volume of Legion.
When
Legion of Superheroes re-launched with a brand-new #1 in 1989, Giffen was now the plotter of the comic as well as the artist, and he brought scripters (and long time Legion fans) Tom and Mary Bierbaum and finisher Al Gordon with him. And the book had moved forward five years into the future. The world of the Legion was now a grim, desolate place, and the days of young men and women in colorful costumes were long gone. Instead, they were now, well, five years older, and no longer in costume – yet they all remained heroes. The story was an extremely ambitious look at a bunch of grizzled characters somehow coming together to reform some semblance of the Legion they all once cared so much about.
One of the most notable aspects of the comic was how DENSE each issue was. Giffen used the nine-panel grid to great effect, making each issue filled with so much story that it would have easily twice as many stories as most other comics of the time (and that’s not even counting the pages at the back of the issues, which they used to fill in readers on what was going on in the Legion world).
Perhaps the most impressive thing about this run to me, personally, was how they dealt with having to come up with a brand-new origin for the Legion (one sans Superboy, who was off-limits), without it really being too confusing. The comics were dark, but they were also filled with humor and great character work.
One of the fascinating aspects of the story was the way Giffen would use back-up pages like Alan Moore used back-up pages in
Watchmen. He would have documents that would elaborate on the stories within the comics.
Giffen and Bill Mantlo were in charge of DC's 1988 crossover event,
Invasion!, which led to a modern day cosmic series,
L.E.G.I.O.N., that Giffen worked on with Alan Grant. It was that series that re-introduced Lobo as a major character again. He soon grew so popular that Giffen and Grant did a
Lobo miniseries with artist Simon Bisley that was a huge hit, and Lobo soon became one of DC's most popular characters in the early 1990s...
Giffen and Fleming did an
Aquaman reboot in the late 1980s, and Giffen and Fleming also were in charge of DC's 1992 crossover,
Eclipso: The Darkness Within, which led to a short-lived
Eclipso series.
After doing a short-lived new comedic hero,
The Heckler, in 1992 with the Bierbaums, Giffen then worked outside of Marvel and DC for a few years, including a creator-owned series,
Trencher, for Image Comics. He plotted a few other Image comic books. He had an excellent run on
Magnus: Robot Fighter for Valiant, as well as a new series,
PunX, for Valiant, and then worked on jobs outside the comic book industry entirely for a while in the mid-to-late 1990s.
In the 2000s, Giffen returned to comics in a big way, writing a new
Suicide Squad series in 2001, and a new series,
Reign of the Zodiac, with artist Colleen Doran, in 2003. That same year, Giffen reunited with DeMatteis on the first of two excellent
Justice League reunion series, as well as some fun BOOM! Studios comics like
Hero Squared. Giffen then helped co-created Jaime Reyes, the new Blue Beetle, as part of DC's
Infinite Crisis event, and then Giffen was the regular layout artist for the year-long comic book series,
52, that followed
Infinite Crisis. After taking over from Jim Starlin on
Thanos at Marvel, Giffen re-introduced Star-Lord to the Marvel Universe, and then wrote the
Annihilation miniseries that brought a number of Marvel's cosmic characters together. Giffen revamped Drax the Destroyer, and then later, for the
Annihilation Conquest lead-in miniseries starring Star-Lord, he brought the old Marvel character, Groot, back to the Marvel Universe in a big way (after previously featuring him in a
Howling Commandos comic book), and paired the alien with Rocket Raccoon, who all worked with Star-Lord.
Writers Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning were the writers who made the characters the Guardians of the Galaxy, but it was Giffen and editors Bill Rosemann (and then Andy Schmidt) who set up the foundation for what has become a major part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Giffen continued working on a number of other series over the last decade plus, including co-writing
O.M.A.C. as part of New 52, and then a number of series with J.M. DeMatteis at DC, like
Larfleeze,
Justice League 3000 and
Scooby Apocalypse. Most recently, Giffen rebooted the
Inferior Five at DC with Jeff Lemire.